Gloriette (Vienna)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gloriette in the Schönbrunn Palace Park

The Gloriette in the palace gardens of Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna is the largest of all Gloriette and therefore the most famous.

history

View from 1854
The Gloriette 1952

The Gloriette was built in 1775 as the last building in the garden according to plans by Johann Ferdinand Hetzendorf von Hohenberg as a "temple of fame", at the same time the main eye-catcher ( point de vue ) of the garden and at 241  m above sea level. A. Viewpoint built over the same. Empress Maria Theresia decided to build the Gloriette : "There is an old gallery of stone pillars and cornices in Neugebau ( Castle Neugebauten ), which is of no use ... to have them broken off from there and brought to Schönbrunn" . The gallery and the pillars are made of hard, white imperial stone and were reused in the Gloriette, as were the bulls' heads and other parts. These columns and “other large stone works” were worked on by the working group of master stonemasons Bartholomäus Pethan and Antonius Pozzo and their people in the Imperial Quarry on Leithaberg .

The main dimensions are 84.3 m in length, 135.3 m with steps, 14.6 m in width and 25.95 m in height.

The Gloriette later served as a dining and ballroom as well as a breakfast room for Emperor Franz Joseph I. The dining room was used until the end of the monarchy , today it is a café; on the roof is a viewing platform with a view over Vienna. The sculptural jewelry comes from Johann Baptist Hagenauer . The Gloriette was badly damaged by bombs in World War II, but was restored in 1947. In 1995 it was restored again.

From 1790 to 1910 the three central arches of the Gloriette were glazed. After that, the Gloriette was without glazing and therefore an open space. After a debate, in which architects in particular complained about the "contemporary" design, in the course of the restoration in the 1990s, glazing in the historical style based on old photographs was installed and the Café Gloriette was set up there from April 1996.

Further east is the so-called Kleine Gloriette , which is actually not a Gloriette, but a two-storey pavilion.

dedication

Inscription on the Gloriette

The Gloriette is dedicated as a memorial to the just war that led to peace. With Maria Theresa's succession to the throne it came first to the Austrian War of Succession (1740–1748) and later to the Seven Years War (1756–1763).

The following inscription is on the front:

IOSEPHO II. AVGVSTO ET MARIA THERESIA AVGVSTA IMPERANTIB. ERECT. CIƆIƆCCLXXV

( Erected under the government of Emperor Joseph II and Empress Maria Theresa in 1775)

The spelling of the year goes back to the Greek letter Φ ( Phi ) for 1000. In ancient Rome it was also common to represent the number 1000 instead of an M by the phi (CIƆ) and 500 instead of the D by the half phi (IƆ).

An essential part of the inscription is the addition AVGVSTO and AVGVSTA. He establishes the connection to the first Roman emperor and state god AVGVSTVS , as whose heirs and successors the Habsburgs saw themselves in their function as emperors of the “Holy Roman Empire” with the addition “German nation”.

see more

literature

  • Eva Berger : Historic Gardens of Austria. Gardens and parks from the Renaissance to around 1930. Volume 3. Böhlau, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-205-99353-5 , pp. 263-271.
  • Beatrix Hájos: The Schönbrunn palace gardens. A topographical cultural history . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-205-98423-4 .
  • Erwin Frohmann, Rupert Doblhammer: Schönbrunn. An in-depth encounter with the palace gardens . Ennsthaler, Steyr 2005, ISBN 3-85068-625-6 .
  • Herbert Knöbl: The new building and its structural connection with Schönbrunn Palace . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-205-05106-8 .
  • Richard Kurdiovsky: The gardens of Schönbrunn . Residenz / Niederösterreichisches Pressehaus, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7017-1411-8 .

Web links

Commons : Gloriette Schönbrunn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. cf. for example by Hermann Czech , cf. Die Presse November 3, 1994, Kurier January 4, 1994 and March 24, 1996, quoted from Dieter Klein , Martin Kupf , Robert Schediwy : Stadtbildverluste Wien , Vienna 2005, p. 308

Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 41 ″  N , 16 ° 18 ′ 30 ″  E