Golpa line

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Mast of the Golpa line

The Golpa line is a 132 km long 110 kV three-phase overhead line that was built between 1917 and 1918 and connected the Zschornewitz power station near Bitterfeld with Berlin . It was one of the first national high-voltage lines in Germany that was operated with this voltage.

In June 1948, with the beginning of the Berlin blockade, the section in the western part of Berlin was interrupted. This also cut the power supply to the western sectors of Berlin from outside. After the end of the blockade, supply was initially resumed in May 1949. With the further escalation of the East-West conflict in the 1950s, own power plant capacities were built in the western part of Berlin and sufficient coal reserves were stored. The Golpa line was therefore dismantled in West Berlin.

history

Construction of the Zschornewitz power plant

Zschornewitz power plant in 1927

In order to supply the capital of Berlin with electricity, the Berliner Elektrizitätswerke (BEW) concluded electricity supply contracts with the city of Berlin in 1913, as the power plants in the city area had reached their capacity limits as electrification progressed. The AEG has therefore been commissioned to build a large power plant and the necessary wiring connections to the city area. A location near the brown coal area north of Bitterfeld with the Bergwitz and Golpa mines proved to be suitable . From March to December 1915, Georg and Walter Klingenberg designed the Zschornewitz lignite power station of the Golpa-Jeßnitz AG lignite plant , which was put into operation in its first expansion stage with eight steam turbines and 64 steam boilers. At the same time, the power plant company was renamed Elektrowerke AG (EWAG) and its headquarters were moved to Berlin.

A network of long-distance lines was built from Zschornewitz. The pipeline to the Piesteritz nitrogen works went into operation as early as December 1915 . In addition to a line to Bitterfeld that went into operation in October 1918 and supplied the aluminum plant there with electrical energy, the most important line connection was the Golpa line to Berlin.

Construction of the 110 kV line to Berlin

Silva map 1925, industrial area Berlin-Rummelsburg

As early as January 1912, the Lauchhammer – Riesa high voltage line was the first overhead line in Europe with a voltage of over 100 kV.

Involved in the construction of Golpa line were Siemens-Schuckert in Berlin. Since the AEG feared that the Zschornewitz power plant could not be operated profitably, it withdrew from the project. The Reich government considered the line to be important to the war effort: it was also supposed to supply a Berlin aluminum plant. The tax authorities took over the entire share capital of EWAG and pushed the project forward under state supervision. Construction of the line began on October 10, 1917 and the entire line was completed on July 6, 1918. The line, designed for two 110 kV three-phase circuits, was laid on barrel masts with an additional upper cross member for two earth cables .

The end point of the line in Berlin's urban area was initially a substation at the Rummelsburg power station . The aluminum plant , which was supposed to meet the increased demand for aluminum during the First World War, was located about 600 m away at the entrance to the Rummelsburger Bucht . This plant was initially supplied by the Rummelsburg power plant, which opened in 1907. With increasing energy demand, the realization of the Zschornewitz power plant and the construction of the high-voltage line from Zschornewitz / Golpa to Berlin were pushed ahead.

After the end of the First World War, the aluminum plant became uneconomical and finally closed. The Klingenberg power plant was built at this location in the 1920s . The Golpa line retained its importance to supply the Berlin urban area with electricity. The Zschornewitz power plant was supposed to make a significant contribution to Berlin's base load supply. In order to avoid an uneconomical expansion of the capacity of the Golpa line, the Berlin power plants were assigned to cover peak loads. The expansion of the Golpa line to include a third line, but also the introduction of night shifts in industry, were regularly discussed in the Berlin newspapers.

Berlin blockade

On June 24, 1948, the line hit the international headlines. By blocking the western sectors, the Soviet military administration had not only blocked the land and waterways, but also the supply of electricity for West Berlin from the central German lignite mining area and interrupted the Golpa line at the city limits.

After the end of the blockade in May 1949, the supply to the western part of Berlin via the Golpa line was initially restarted. In 1954 the power supply was interrupted again without notice. The power grids were separated (for history see Inner German Electricity Network ). The line coming from Zschornewitz was laid south of the Berlin city limits in the direction of Schönefeld / Adlershof.

In the western part of Berlin, the West power plant had already been expanded during the blockade and was renamed Reuter power plant in 1953 . In addition, as part of the Senate Reserve, large coal reserves were set up in order to be prepared for a possible second blockade. Therefore, the no longer required high voltage line between the southern city limits at Lichtenrade and the sector limit at the Teltow Canal could be dismantled in the 1950s.

course

Former route in southern Berlin (research status 2011)

The course of the Golpa line in Berlin can be traced using the Silva city map from 1925. In the Lichtenrade area west of the Dresden Railway, the line reached what will later become the Berlin urban area ( Greater Berlin ) and initially leads to the Marienfeld industrial area at Buckower Chaussee S-Bahn station (which opened in 1946). This enabled companies that were important for arms production, such as the Daimler factory and the Fritz Werner factory , to be connected.

The line then swiveled to the east-northeast and passed north of the village center Buckow. The route can still be traced today using the so-called high - voltage route . South of today's Neukölln hospital, the line swiveled back to the northeast and crossed the Teltow Canal north of today's Oskar Heinroth primary school. Here, too, the route can be traced along another path called the high-voltage path. The line then led through the Königsheide to the southern bank of the Britz branch canal and then crossed the Spree. The line split up at Rummelsburger Chaussee. A branch was led to a substation located at the Rummelsburg power plant to supply the aluminum plant.

Another branch of the high-voltage line led north to another substation near Friedrichsfelde. This line was extended until 1925 in the course of Ostseestrasse, Bornholmer Strasse and Seestrasse to the Moabit power plant in order to create a network of power plants.

The aluminum plant was closed after the First World War. The Klingenberg power plant was built on this site between 1925 and 1927 .

After the fall of the Wall , the opencast mine in Golpa and Gröbern and the Zschornewitz and Vockerode power plants were shut down and the remaining overhead lines dismantled. The former route and the remains of the foundations of the high-voltage lines can still be seen in some places. In the Berlin districts of Buckow and Britz, the route can be traced using the route known as the high-voltage route.

Carrier frequency transmission

In 1920, the AEG subsidiary Telefunken put the first carrier frequency transmission over high-voltage lines (TFH) in Germany into operation on the Golpa line . This made it possible to transmit measured values, meter readings and other data independently of the Post's telecommunications network via the high-voltage line. First, an antenna was placed over the masts parallel to the conductor cables, later the radio signals themselves were transmitted over the live conductors. Coupling capacitors were interposed between the TFH device and the conductor cable at both ends of the line. Coils prevented the transmission to other line systems continuing at the end points.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Online in Google Book Search
  2. ↑ May 20, 1915: The future of the Berlin electricity works. In: Vorwärts , May 20, 1915, p. 6, accessed on May 17, 2020.
  3. ^ Gerhard Dehne: Germany's large power supply . Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1925, p. 52
  4. ↑ October 23, 1919: District and local power plants. In: Vorwärts , October 23, 1919, p. 2, accessed on May 17, 2020.
  5. ↑ June 30, 1920: Otto Ziska: The long-distance power supply in Berlin. In: Freiheit (USPD-Zeitung) , June 30, 1920, p. 2, accessed on May 17, 2020.
  6. ↑ Susanne Schilp: When the lights went out . In: Berliner Woche, October 16, 2018
  7. ↑ Silva-Karte 1925 on: ZLB Berlin, accessed on May 16, 2020
  8. ↑ The high voltage path is an asphalt promenade with playgrounds, benches and lots of shrubs and trees ( the walk begins at Buckower Damm and leads through the Neuland settlement )
  9. ↑ Multiplex technology: virtuoso simultaneity on a transmission path. Förderverein Technikforum Backnang, accessed on February 15, 2019 .