Rummelsburg power plant
| Rummelsburg power plant | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 28 '56 " N , 13 ° 30' 6" E | ||
| country | Germany | ||
| Waters | Spree | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | Cogeneration plant or just a power plant? | ||
| Primary energy | Fossil energy | ||
| fuel | Hard coal | ||
| power | xxx MW electrical power and xxx MW thermal power |
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| Project start | 1906 | ||
| Start of operations | 1907 | ||
| Shutdown | 1966 | ||
| boiler | 8th | ||
| Chimney height | 80 m | ||
The Rummelsburg power station was built in 1906–1907 as a coal-fired power station, expanded in 1925–1929 and shut down in 1966. The parts of the building that have been preserved are now under monument protection and are regularly used as a film set and event location.
location
The power plant site is located east of the Spree, northeast of the Spree island Bullenbruch in the district of Berlin-Oberschöneweide, directly on the border with the district of Berlin-Rummelsburg. The actual power plant buildings were erected at Rummelsburger Landstrasse 2–12 at the corner of the confluence with Nalepastrasse 2–8.
On the banks of the Spree, the power plant had a coal unloading facility, and there was a large mineral oil store between the loading point and the power plant. A connection to the railroad was made from the Rummelsburg freight station via the so-called bull railway .
The Klingenberg power station was built around 600 m further north after the First World War , and directly to the south is the site of the Nalepastraße radio station built after the Second World War .
Prehistory and construction until 1917
Around 1900, with the increasing use of electricity, the need for additional power plants arose in Berlin. The first small systems such as the Centralstation Markgrafenstraße were built from 1885 in the city center close to the consumers, because power transmission with direct current led to losses that increased significantly depending on the distance. With the changeover to alternating current and the transformation to higher voltages, it was possible to build larger power plants, preferably on the outskirts, in locations with good transport links, with available cooling water and with unloading facilities for coal. These include the Oberspree power plant, which went into operation in 1897 at Wilhelminenhofstrasse 76 (Germany's first three-phase power plant ), and the Moabit power plant on Friedrich-Krause-Ufer, which opened in 1900 . Both power plants were initially equipped with piston steam engines.
The Rummelsburg power plant was designed in 1906 by the architect A. Dorow on behalf of the Berliner Elektrizitäts-Werke (BEW) . In the middle was the machine house for the turbines and generators with the dominating gable wall. The company building was connected to the east. The boiler house, which is no longer preserved, was located in the west. Construction began in the summer of 1906, and the first stage of expansion was commissioned in November 1907. The power plant immediately had steam turbines . The fourth construction phase was completed in 1917. The power plant now had eight boilers and four chimneys with a height of 80 m, which even towered over the Victory Column with a height of only 60 m.
The power station was primarily supplied with hard coal from the Upper Silesian industrial area from the banks of the Spree. With the Oder and the Oder-Spree Canal , which was widened in 1897, a direct waterway was available for this purpose. However, since Deutsche Petrol KG's extensive mineral oil store was located between the Spree and the power station buildings, no branch canal could be built up to the boiler house. That is why a coal conveyor system was built in 1908 by the Leipzig company Adolf Bleichert & Co. , which transported the fuel from the unloading point on the bank and the storage areas via cable cars to the boiler house. For the same reason, an underground inlet and outlet channel for cooling water had to be built.
Excursus on supplying the aluminum works in the First World War
In order to meet the demand for aluminum for the construction of aircraft and airships, which rose sharply during the First World War, an aluminum plant was set up around 600 m north of the power plant at the entrance to the Rummelsburg Bay . Since Germany had to accept massive restrictions on the import of raw materials due to the war and the bauxite, which had hitherto been preferentially obtained from southern France , was no longer available, the raw material clay was now used, but it only provides a very low aluminum yield. The aluminum factory was merged with other factories to form the imperial-owned company Vereinigte Aluminum-Werke (VAW) .
The power supply of the aluminum plant for the electrolysis was initially provided by the neighboring Rummelsburg power plant. Since the demand for electricity continued to grow during the war, further power plants were required, which were now built directly at the production sites of the energy carriers. So the plans incurred before the war began were implemented, near the central German lignite -Tagebaugebietes Golpa - Jeßnitz (northeast of Bitterfeld ) the power plant Zschornewitz to build.
In order to carry the electricity from the Zschornewitz power plant to Berlin, a supraregional 110 kV high-voltage overhead line from Zschornewitz to Berlin was built with the Golpa line , which was put into operation in July 1918. The line led to a junction on Rummelsburger Chaussee. One branch was led to a substation located at the Rummelsburg power station in order to supply the aluminum works on the Rummelsburg Bay.
Another branch of the high-voltage line led further north to a substation near Friedrichsfelde. This line was extended until 1925 in the course of Ostseestrasse, Bornholmer Strasse and Seestrasse to the Moabit power plant in order to create a network for the Berlin power plants.
After the First World War, the requirement of the Allied victorious powers (prohibition of the construction of airplanes and airships) drastically decreased the demand for aluminum . The very uneconomical Rummelsburg aluminum plant was closed. The buildings were sold for demolition with a contract dated September 1919 to the entrepreneur Jakob Zwick from Neustadt an der Haardt . The new Klingenberg power plant was built on the cleared site in the 1920s .
Further expansion after the First World War
In the years 1925–1929, the machine house and the boiler house were expanded in two construction phases by Hans Heinrich Müller , head of the Bewag construction department, and Felix Thümen in Müller's expressive design language into Nalepastraße.
Use after the Second World War
Since the Rummelsburg power plant was hardly damaged in the Second World War , it was the first power plant in Berlin to supply electricity again after minor repairs. The power plant was shut down after around 50 years of use in 1966 and 1967, respectively.
The architectural value of the building complex was rediscovered around 1987, and in 1994 it was listed as a historical monument . In the years 2000/2001, parts of the building that were in danger of collapsing, in particular the boiler house, were torn down due to the structural fatigue.
The imposing hall of the machine house was regularly used as a film set as well as for events and team events. In 2012, the meilenstein architects developed a concept to safeguard the existing building and long-term use of the machine house as an event location.
After the sale by Vattenfall and the acquisition of the existing parts of the building by the new operator of the Funkhaus Berlin Nalepastraße in 2018, further events are to take place in the old power plant.
The floor of the mineral oil storage facility, which is directly adjacent to the power plant site, has been heavily contaminated with pollutants over the decades. In 1967 the first high tanks were demolished, until 1983 the remaining tanks. In 2009, the Riedel shipping company acquired the property, which, after soil renovation, built the Rummelsburg port, which opened in 2012, as the home port of its fleet.
literature
- Alois Riedler : Emil Rathenau and the development of the large economy . Julius Springer, Berlin 1916 ( online at archive.org ).
- P. Stephan: The cable cars (suspension railways) . 4th edition. Springer-Verlag GmbH, Berlin, Heidelberg 1926.
- Peter Josef Belli: The Lautawerk of the Vereinigte Aluminum-Werke AG (VAW) from 1917 to 1948 . LIT Verlag, Münster 2012, ISBN 978-3-643-11716-8 ( online at google.books).
Web links
- Rummelsburg power plant in the Berlin State Monument List
- Rummelsburg power plant project: Development of a usage concept . From: meilenstein-architekten.com , 2012, accessed on May 7, 2020.
- Berlin, a city of ruins: the old Rummelsburg power station . In: Der Tagesspiegel , July 19, 2017, accessed on May 7, 2020.
- Rummelsburg power station industrial monument . From: Vattenfall.com , December 4, 2017, accessed May 7, 2020.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Rummelsburg power plant in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Alois Riedler : Emil Rathenau and the becoming of the large economy . Julius Springer, Berlin 1916, p. 49–53 ( online on google books [accessed May 6, 2020]).
- ↑ Oberspree power plant in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Moabit power plant in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ a b c d e Rummelsburg power station industrial monument . From: Vattenfall.com , December 4, 2017, accessed May 8, 2020.
- ↑ The coal conveyor system of the Rummelsburg electricity works by A. Bleichert & Co.In: Paul Stephan: Die Drahtseilbahnen (suspension railways), Springer-Verlag GmbH, Berlin Heidelberg, 4th edition 1926, pp. 343–346 (only p. 343 visible on Google Books).
- ^ H. Aumund, Hebe- und Förderanlagen, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1926, pp. 1128 and 1158.
- ↑ aluminum. In: Otto Lueger , Moritz Fünfstück (Hrsg.): Lexicon of the entire technology. 2nd supplementary volume (= Vol. 10), Stuttgart 1920, p. 32. ( online at zeno.org , accessed on May 6, 2020)
- ↑ Silva-Karte 1925 on: ZLB Berlin , accessed on May 16, 2020
- ↑ Belli, p. 111, footnote 469
- ↑ Rummelsburg power plant project: Development of a usage concept . From: meilenstein-architekten.com , 2012, accessed on May 9, 2020.
- ↑ Big plans for the GDR radio station on Nalepastraße. In addition to the Funkhaus Nalepastraße, the investor also bought the Rummelsburg power station. In: Berliner Morgenpost , October 13, 2018, accessed on May 9, 2020.