Inner German electricity network

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Crossing of the former inner-German border through the 380 kV Helmstedt-Wolmirstedt line. The mast on the left is in Lower Saxony, the mast on the right in Saxony-Anhalt. To be recognized by the different construction methods.

As part of the division of Germany , the electricity network between the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany was also affected. The internal German electricity network between the two German states was subject to an eventful history.

Composite lines before division

In the course of the establishment of a nationwide overland network, which has mainly been taking place since the 1920s, lines were built which, mostly as a coupling line between two energy supply companies, in the course of the division of Germany after the Second World War, partly in the western zone and partly in the Soviet-occupied zone , of the later GDR .

Bark spreads

This 60 kV double line was built in 1925 and connected the switchgear from the Hessian power plant Borken with that of the Thuringian power plant Breitungen . The basis for the construction was a contract between the Preussische Elektrizitäts-AG ( PreußenElektra ) and the Thüringenwerk from 1924, which regulated a purchase of 5 MW output from the Borken power station on the part of the Thüringenwerk.

Kulmbach-Neuhaus-Schierschnitz

The 110 kV double line built in 1937 established the connection between the Bayernwerk in the Kulmbach substation and the Thuringia works in the Neuhaus substation . From Kulmbach there was a continuation of the line to Bamberg , where the connection to the line ring between the Bavarian power plants was made; from Neuhaus there was a continuation to Remptendorf. This line was built on the basis of a mutual exchange of electricity between the companies in 1936.

Reich busbar

In the late 1930s, during the National Socialist era , Elektrowerke AG built a north-south connection with 220 kV voltage from the Helmstedt substation via Magdeburg , Marke , Dieskau , Remptendorf , Ludersheim and St. Peter to Ernsthofen in Lower Austria . in order to be able to supply vital plants with electricity as needed. In addition, the line was a supplement to the north-south line of the RWE built between 1924–1929 . It crossed the later zone boundary in two places - once near Helmstedt and once again on the section between Remptendorf and Ludersheim.

Dismantling in the Soviet zone

In April 1946, the Soviet occupying power began dismantling the main and regulating transformer 1 branches and line 298 (section of the Reichsammelschiene built in the 1940s ) to Ludersheim as part of reparation payments in the Remptendorf substation . In 1949, a 220 kV line from the Borken power plant via Aschaffenburg , where there was a connection to the Kelsterbach substation , to Ludersheim was replaced. This was the first 220 kV connection from Bavaria to the rest of the German network after the Second World War.

Separation of the networks

In 1952 the GDR interrupted the supply of electricity to West Berlin and the Rhön overland plant without prior notice. To supply the district of Heiligenstadt, the Hüpstedt substation built a 50 kV wooden mast line, which went into operation on January 1, 1953. Then the 15 kV lines to the Grone substation (Göttingen) were cut.

In 1954, the East German high-voltage networks were separated from those in West Germany. The 110-kV line Hagenow - Boizenburg - Bleckede was interrupted before the Elbe overvoltage, the 110-kV line Harbke-Helmstedt and the 220-kV line Helmstedt-Magdeburg directly before the border.

The West German network became part of the UCPTE , the East German network part of the United Energy Systems (VES) "Peace", which joined the IPS network in 1960 .

Connections still in place

Nevertheless, there were still some connecting lines between Thuringia and some energy supply companies in the former Federal Republic. The 10 kV lines Döringsdorf - Spinnhütte - Wanfried , Großburschla - Altenburschla and Wanfried - Falken - Mihla remained in operation as a result of a contract from Karl-Scharfenberg from 1913.

In the Harz there was still a medium-voltage line between the Klettenberg substation and the Ellrich power plant.

Another German medium-voltage line ran from Benneckenstein in Saxony-Anhalt to Hohegeiß in Lower Saxony.

In addition, there were also some domestic German low-voltage lines, from Thuringia to Roteshütte in Hesse, from Liebau to Bavaria and from Potsdam to a West Berlin pumping station.

New buildings across the border

But there were also new lines across the inner-German border: in the 1970s , the Erfurt Energy Combine built two 30 kV lines from the Katharinenberg substation in Thuringia to the Wanfried substation in Hesse. A 110 kV double line was built from the Wolkramshausen substation to the Neuhof substation . A 6 MVA frequency converter was also installed.

The internal German power lines had a high priority with the GDR leadership, because the power export brought foreign currency.

Transit lines

In addition, there were also lines that crossed the inner-German border as a pure transit line. One of these lines was the Steinbach am Wald – Zapfendorf traction power line, which ran a bit over GDR territory, another example was the 110 kV Remptendorf – Neuhaus-Schierschnitz line. The former line was replaced in 1967 by a line running purely on German territory, the latter by the 110 kV Taubenbach – Sonneberg line.

In March 1988, PreussenElektra AG and the GDR foreign trade company Intrac signed a contract for the construction of a 380 kV line to West Berlin, which was to be connected to the transmission network in the GDR via an HVDC close coupling at the Wolmirstedt substation . On October 3, 1989, the line to Wolmirstedt went into operation. The construction of the HVDC close coupling was canceled, some components were later used in the DC short coupling (GKK) in Etzenricht .

After the turn

On December 20, 1991, exactly 51 years to the day after the first line between Bavaria and Thuringia, the new 380 kV line between Remptendorf and Redwitz went into operation, albeit at first only with 220 kV.

The entire 380 kV line connection to West Berlin went into operation on December 7, 1994, which means that five years after the fall of the Wall, West Berlin was reconnected to the German high-voltage network.

On September 8, 1995, the new 380 kV connecting line between Mecklar and Vieselbach along the A 4 was put into operation.

Originally, the connection of the power grid of the former GDR to the West German network was only planned for the time when the fourth 380 kV line from Krümmel via Lübeck-Siems to Görries would go into operation. The construction of this line was canceled shortly after the turn of the millennium. As a result, the HVDC Baltic Cable could not be operated at full load until the installation of a static reactive power compensator in the Lübeck-Siems substation and the laying of a 220 kV underground cable between the Lübeck-Siems substation and the Lübeck-Bargerbrück substation . The construction of a two-circuit 380 kV line has already started north of Krümmel, but this never went into operation in its original form, as the two extra-high voltage circuits ended blindly at a pylon shortly before crossing federal motorway 24 and only the one opened A 110 kV line carried by a lower additional crossbeam continued to run.

The synchronous connection of the power grids in East and West Germany then took place on September 8, 1995. On October 18, 1995, the power grids of the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary were also synchronized with the West German power grid, making the GKK Etzenricht dispensable. The GK Dürnrohr and the GK Wien-Südost remained in operation for a year longer because the lack of 380 kV lines made it difficult to exchange energy with the Czech Republic via Austria and a few power plants in Poland first had to be retrofitted with automatic control systems.

Construction of the fourth 380 kV connection, the line from Krümmel to Görries, which, contrary to the original plans, will not go via Lübeck but along the A 24 , began in 2010. In 2012 this line was completely completed and put into operation. A large part of the previously unused section of the 380 kV overhead line north of Krümmel was used.

The fifth inner German 380 kV connection runs between the substations Bad Lauchstädt ( Saxony-Anhalt ), Erfurt-Vieselbach , Altenfeld (Thuringia) and Redwitz (Bavaria). The Thuringian power bridge was put into operation at the end of 2015 with a circuit from Altenfeld.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Walter Schossig: Lecture: 20 years of electrical reunification of Germany. January 23, 2016, accessed January 14, 2018 .
  2. ↑ [1]
  3. ↑ Construction of the overhead line between Krümmel and Schwerin Görries comes into a hot phase. Retrieved September 9, 2012 .

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