Reuter thermal power station
| Reuter thermal power station | |||
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 31 '57 " N , 13 ° 14' 46" E | ||
| country |
 Germany
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| Data | |||
| Type | Thermal power station | ||
| Primary energy | Fossil energy | ||
| fuel | Hard coal , wood waste | ||
| power | 160 MW | ||
| operator | Vattenfall Europe Wärme AG | ||
| Project start | Early 1920s | ||
| Start of operations | 1931 | ||
| Chimney height | 110 m | ||
The Reuter thermal power station is a thermal power station in the Siemensstadt district of Berlin , which went into operation in 1931 under the name Kraftwerk West . The power plant was built as a counterpart to the Klingenberg power plant that went into operation in 1927 . The initial task of Kraftwerk West was to supply electricity to the west of Berlin. After the division of Berlin, the power plant became West Berlin's most important electricity supplier in several stages . As part of the expansion, the power plant was also converted into a HKW that generated district heating in addition to electricity . It belongs to the Swedish energy group Vattenfall , whose subsidiary Vattenfall Europe Wärme , which belongs to the German subgroup, is responsible for the operation. Electricity production ended with the shutdown of Unit C in October 2019.
The Reuter West thermal power station, which went into operation in 1987, is in the immediate vicinity of the power station .
Development of the Berlin power supply
In the early 1920s, the Berlin magistrate developed a concept for securing Berlin's power supply over the long term. Two large power plants on the Spree were a central part of this concept . The Klingenberg power plant was supposed to take over the power supply to the east of the city, and the west power plant that of the west. The Klingenberg power plant was built first, and the West power plant was planned from 1927. Two stages of expansion were planned, which should start operation in 1930 and 1932. The output of the power plant should be 228 MW , coal should serve as the energy carrier .
Construction of the power plant
The contract from Bewag to build the power station went to Siemens-Schuckertwerke . The architectural concept of the new power plant to be built goes back to Hans Hertlein , the in-house architect at Siemens-Schuckertwerke. The design was carried out by his employees Wilhelm Dohme and Georg Tratt in the style of New Objectivity .
Six turbines of 34 MW each and two of 12 MW each and eight boilers with a total heating surface of 2,400 m² were planned for the output . Work began in April 1929. First, an approximately 12,000 m² harbor basin was created and the cooling water channel dug. The entire construction site was leveled with the excavation.
At the beginning of 1930, the first expansion stage was completed, so that the power plant could start trial operation with 126 MW - i.e. 55 percent of the output. A year later, this service was available in continuous operation. The second expansion stage was completed in May 1932. The construction of a connecting line from the Ruhleben freight yard was also completed in spring 1932. From 1933, the West power plant was available to generate electricity without restrictions. With its 224 MW it was the second largest power plant in Berlin after the Klingenberg power plant (270 MW).
The two 110-meter-high reinforced concrete chimneys of the power plant, which stood on the roof of the 46-meter-high boiler house, were visually dominant.
Second World War, dismantling and reconstruction
In 1941, Bewag began expanding the West power plant to 280 MW in order to meet the increased energy demand of the armaments industry. The expansion got stuck at the beginning of 1945 at around 70 percent. The largely undamaged power station ( there had been no targeted bombing of power stations) was occupied by Soviet troops on April 26, 1945 . At the end of May 1945, the Soviet military began the improper dismantling of all important power plant parts. On July 7th, the Allies took control (the power plant was now in the British sector ) and were able to save some of the equipment from being transported, but only some of it was reusable. The power plant operation could not be resumed.
On October 1, 1945, Bewag submitted an application to the Allied Command via the British military government to rebuild the power station with an output of 184 MW. It was not until April 12, 1948, that Bewag received the necessary approval, now with the highest level of urgency. Construction work began immediately.
Expansion in West Berlin
During the reconstruction work in June 1948, the conflicts between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union escalated in the Berlin blockade . The power plant components produced by the West German suppliers could no longer be delivered. However, the blockade also affected electricity supplies to West Berlin , so that building a self-sufficient power supply for West Berlin was a high priority.
Despite the large components and masses, the decision was made to fly in the necessary power plant parts with the Berlin Airlift . Specialists from Siemens-Schuckertwerke took care of dismantling the power plant parts with as little damage as possible and, with the personal assistance of Lucius D. Clay , appropriate aircraft were selected for the transport. From April 6, 1949, 1,416 tons of power plant equipment were flown in in 580 flights. In addition, there were fireclay bricks , cement and other building materials, which also reached West Berlin by airlift. Among other things, this spectacular power plant construction "from the air" made clear to the Soviet Union the hopelessness of the Berlin blockade. It was discontinued on May 12, 1949.
On December 1, 1949, the West power plant with an output of 60 MW was restarted by the then mayor and chairman of the Bewag supervisory board, Ernst Reuter . After his death in 1953, the power plant was named Kraftwerk Reuter in his honor.
The output of the power plant was continuously expanded. In January 1950 it was 110 MW, 1951: 135 MW, 1952: 208 MW, 1954: 258 MW, 1955: 308 MW and finally in 1956 326 MW. The storage areas for coal and the quays for unloading ships also had to be expanded.
Expansion as a thermal power station
With increasing energy requirements, Bewag decided at the beginning of 1967 to expand the Reuter power plant by a block system with 132 MW, the so-called "Block C". Numerous buildings were enlarged or rebuilt for this block. A third chimney and a cooling tower building were also built. In addition to the electrical output of 132 MW, the new block also generated a heating output of 169 MW, which was fed into the Charlottenburg - Moabit heating network. The power plant was connected to this with a 3½ kilometer long pipe route . The power station has been supported in steam generation by the neighboring waste incineration plant since 1967 . On December 1, 1969, the new Unit C went into operation and the Reuter power plant now had an electrical output of 440 MW. It thus generated around half of the electricity produced in West Berlin.
Bewag has been building the Reuter West thermal power station in the immediate vicinity since 1982 . Parts of the grounds of the Reuter power plant were also required for this.
The machine parts from the 1950s were out of date by the 1980s. The plants from 1949 to 1952 were shut down and replaced in 1988 by a turbo machine with an electrical output of 36 MW and a thermal output of 100 MW. This turbo set was now operated exclusively by the steam from the waste incineration plant.
The systems from 1954 to 1956 were finally superfluous for the energy supply and shut down in 2000.
Additional construction measures at the Reuter power plant were mainly aimed at reducing environmental pollution . In 1986 another cooling tower was built because the permissible temperature of the drained cooling water was lowered from 30 to 28 ° C. In 1987 flue gas desulphurisation systems and an electrostatic precipitator for dedusting followed . The building volume roughly doubled as a result of these construction measures and the power plant was given a new look by Walter Henn . A new three-pass chimney with a height of 122.8 meters was built for flue gas desulphurization. Following the sale of Bewag to Vattenfall , a central water treatment plant was built for the Reuter and Reuter West power plants in 2004.
With the construction of a flue gas desulphurisation system, which has its own chimney, the three chimneys on the boiler house became inoperable. Since a static investigation in 2008 revealed a threat to the stability of the old chimneys, they were dismantled. The removal of the chimneys was completed in 2009.
In the years 2009 to 2019, wood waste was also incinerated.
Shutdown
The operator Vattenfall shut down the last active power plant unit C on October 1, 2019.
Power-to-heat system
In order to guarantee the heat demand even after the shutdown of Unit C, Vattenfall began building a 120 MW power-to-heat system in November 2017. The plant has been in operation since September 2019.
Switchgear and cables
The Reuter thermal power station feeds into the network of Vattenfall Europe Distribution Berlin on the 110 kV high voltage level .
The oldest switchgear in Germany using SF 6 technology is located at the Reuter power plant . From this a 380- go kV - underground cables , two 380 kV overhead lines and by November 2014, 110-kV transmission line from.
One of the outgoing overhead lines is the 380 kV line to the Reuter-West combined heat and power plant. It consists of six masts, which are all guy masts . The last mast in front of the switchgear at Reuter-West HKW is a chimney-like 66 meter high concrete mast with trusses.
The 380 kV underground cable to the Berlin-Teufelsbruch substation and the other 380 kV overhead line belong to the 380 kV Transversale Berlin . The 380 kV overhead line consists of eight masts, all of which are tensioning masts and, with the exception of the end mast, carry the conductor cables on two levels.
The 110 kV overhead line led to the Berlin-Moabit power plant until November 2014 . This line, which merged into an underground cable south of the Charlottenburg motorway triangle of the A 100 at the level of the Rudolf-Wissell Bridge, consisted of 14 masts. Of these 14 masts, ten were guy masts (masts 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) and four support masts (masts 3, 7, 8 and 9). Mast 5 of this line is identical to mast 4 of the 380 kV Transversale Berlin. This line was completely dismantled between October and November 2014.
The 380 kV overhead line from the Reuter substation to the Reuter-West thermal power station, the 380 kV overhead line from the Reuter substation to the terminal mast on the city motorway and the 110 kV overhead line from the Reuter substation to the terminal mast at the Rudolf-Wissell Bridge are combined with the 110 kV overhead line from Werderstrasse to the Berlin-Teufelsbruch substation and the 380 kV line from the Berlin-Teufelsbruch substation to Wolmirstedt, the only high-voltage overhead lines in what was once West Berlin.
See also
literature
- W. Dohme: Kraftwerk West - general structural engineering part. In: Siemens magazine. 10th year, 1st issue (January 1930), pp. 2–12.
- W. Strickler: Kraftwerk West - The foundation of the power station buildings. In: Siemens magazine. Volume 10, Volume 2 (February 1930), pp. 75–88 / Volume 3 (March 1930), pp. 163–177 / 4./5. Issue (April / May 1930), pp. 222-237.
- W. Dohme: Kraftwerk West - The iron structures. In: Siemens magazine. 10th year, 4th / 5th year Issue (April / May 1930), pp. 213-222.
- H. Gleichmann: Kraftwerk West - general mechanical structure. In: Siemens magazine. Volume 10, Issue 6 (June 1930), pp. 325–336.
- W. Dohme: Kraftwerk West - The chimneys and exhaust ducts. In: Siemens magazine. Volume 10, Issue 7 (July 1930), pp. 439-450 / Issue 8 (August 1930), pp. 471-477.
- A. Bachmeir: Kraftwerk West - The feed water supply . In: Siemens magazine. Volume 10, Issue 9 (September 1930), pp. 511-517 / Issue 10 (October 1930), pp. 543-547.
- Hilmar Bärthel: Plants and buildings for electricity generation. In Berlin and its buildings, Part X, Volume A (2) Stadttechnik. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2006, ISBN 3-86568-012-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b heat transition: Vattenfall takes Berlin coal block off the grid. Retrieved October 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Bärthel 2006, pp. 215-220
- ↑ Bärthel 2006, p. 221
- ↑ Appendix to the Air Quality and Action Plan Berlin 2005–2010, p. A-69 ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 759 kB)
- ↑ Bärthel 2006, pp. 228-231
- ^ Vattenfall environmental report 2004/05
- ↑ a b Federal Network Agency power plant list (nationwide; all network and transformer levels) Status: July 2, 2012. ( Microsoft Excel file, 1.6 MiB) Archived from the original on July 22, 2012 ; Retrieved July 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Power-to-Heat. Retrieved October 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Berlin power-to-heat plant goes into operation. Retrieved October 2, 2019 .
