Governor Jaeschke
 The governor Jaeschke as Presidente Trujillo
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The governor Jaeschke of the Jebsen shipping company was a passenger and mail steamer for the line from Shanghai via Tsingtau to Tientsin . Since the German government was interested in a regular connection to the Kiautschou leased area in China, a subsidy agreement was reached between the government and the shipping company. The ship built by Howaldt arrived in Shanghai in March 1901. In the meantime, Hapag had "forced" Jebsen to sell the line, so that the ship was taken over by Hapag when it arrived in Shanghai, which continued to operate the line without subsidies. The ship remained in service with Hapag on this line until 1914.
In 1914, the governor Jaeschke marched with coal for the cruiser squadron to Pagan. She was part of the squadron's entourage at the start of the squadron's voyage and was finally released to Honolulu. The ship was interned there and confiscated by the USA in 1917. As Watauga , it went under the US flag and was sold to Cuba in 1920, where it was renamed Guantanamo . In 1933 it was sold to the Dominican Republic. Renamed Presidente Trujillo , the ship served as a troop transport until 1938 and then as a cargo ship in liner service in the Caribbean. On May 21, 1942, the ship was sunk by U 156 after leaving Fort de France .
The building of the governor Jaeschke
The shipowner Michael Jebsen sen. from Aabenraa has been active in East Asia since 1881 and initially used small freighters ( Mathilde , Apenrade , Knivsberg ) on the Shanghai - Tientsin line, which, after leasing the area around Tsingtau, also called into the new German " protected area ". The German Reich was very interested in a regular service of this line and therefore concluded two contracts with Jebsen in 1898, which subsidized his service. After signing the subsidy contract, Jepsen bought the steamer Santelmo (1588 GRT) built in Great Britain in 1891 in Brazil, which he put into service as Tsintau , which offered space for a larger number of passengers (30 1st class, 8 2nd class, 120 deck passengers ).
In addition, there Jebsen a new building in order that at Howaldt built Governor Jaeschke . The shipping company's new flagship was a small, two-masted passenger steamer with a funnel and a screw, which, at 1738 GRT, offered space for 55 cabin passengers in two classes and could also take 150 deck passengers on board. The new ship was completed by Howaldtswerft in Kiel at the end of 1900 and set out for East Asia before the turn of the year. It was supposed to guarantee adequate accommodation for the passengers of the Reichspostdampfer on their onward journey from Shanghai to the German protected area Kiautschou .
The ship was named after Captain Paul Jaeschke , the first governor of the protected area.
Mission history
The new ship arrived in Shanghai in March 1901. In the meantime, the general manager Albert Ballin had "forced" Hapag Jepsen to sell the line, so that the ship was taken over by Hapag on arrival in Shanghai, which continued to operate the line without subsidies. Hapag paid Jepsen 1.45 million gold marks for the passenger line and the two steamers. The governor Jaeschke , built for 675,000 gold marks, was valued at 930,000 gold marks.
Hapag, which was still involved in the Imperial Post Line to East Asia, acquired a total of three connecting lines on the Chinese coast in 1901. In addition to the subsidized Jepsens line to Tsingtau, it also took over the passenger line of the Chinese Coastal Shipping Company from Canton via Hong Kong to Shanghai with the British-built passenger steamers Longmoon and Lyeemoon and the Rickmers line on the Yangtze .
Line service for Hapag
Even after giving up its stake in the Reichspostdampferlinie in 1904, Hapag continued to operate its Chinese coastal passenger lines until 1914. Only the passenger ships on the Yangtze River were sold in 1906.
For the former Jebsen line Shanghai – Tsingtau – Tientsien, four more ships were procured in addition to the two taken over:
- 1904–1910 Peiho ex Medan, Maha Vajiravudh (Bj. 1899 Burmeister, Copenhagen, 779 BRT, 9.5 kn 18 passengers), purchased from the NDL
- 1905–1912 Admiral von Tirpitz (Bj. 1905 Seebeck, Bremerhaven, 2007 BRT, 11 kn, 112 passengers)
- 1905–1914 State Secretary Kraetke (b.1905 Howaldt, Kiel, 2009 BRT, 11 kn, 116 passengers), launched in Honolulu in 1914
- 1907–1914 Sikiang (Bj. 1907 Koch, Lübeck, 1840 BRT, 11 kn, 20 passengers), a barre steamer with a particularly shallow draft, launched in 1914 in Shanghai.
The Governor Jaeschke was after the arrival of the larger cruise vessel newbuildings in 1905 together with the Peiho used for a new line Shanghai-Qingdao and back, guaranteed for closer linking of about 400 sm away from Shanghai colony to the general traffic.
Since some of the Reichspostdampfer also called at Tsingtau from 1909, Hapag reduced its fleet of ships from 1910. Dalny was added as an additional port of call on the coastline , where a connection to the Trans-Siberian Railway was ensured, which was increasingly used by travelers.
War effort
The outbreak of the First World War on August 1, 1914 led in Tsingtau to the loading of the existing coal for the cruiser squadron of Count Spee , who was on a training voyage in the South Seas with his armored cruisers. The Governor Jaeschke left on August 3, 1914 Captain's House fire the German base with 1,700 tons of coal and met on 11 August, the cruiser squadron in Pagan . Finally, two armored cruisers, two small cruisers, the auxiliary cruiser Prinz Eitel Friedrich and eight escort ships that had reached the squadron from Shanghai, Tsingtau and Yokohama marched on to the Marshall Islands . At the beginning of September, the governor Jaeschke and other escort ships at Christmas Island were released after all supplies had been handed over to Honolulu . In Honolulu, in addition to Governor Jaeschke, five other German merchant ships were finally assembled. In addition to the freighters Setos and Pomerania , who had already sought refuge there at the beginning of the war, the Hapag steamers State Secretary Kraetke and Longmoon sent from Tsingtau to the cruiser squadron and the NDL Reichspoststampfer Prinz Waldemar , who had been sent to the squadron from Japan, also arrived there.
At the beginning of October, the freighters Holsatia and OJD Ahlers , who had accompanied the squadron to Nukuhiva , also arrived . On October 15, 1914, the old cruiser SMS Geier and its escort ship Locksun sought refuge in Honolulu. The arrival of the warship led to the port being blocked by the Japanese navy, which forced the internment of the vultures and Locksun .
Service under other flags
In April 1917 the US government confiscated the German ships and the governor Jaeschke was renamed Watauga . The ship was used from 1918 on the Porto Rico Line. In 1920 the ship was sold to Cuba and was launched as Guantanamo for the "Empresa Naviera de Cuba SA" in Havana .
On December 16, 1933, the Dominican Republic bought the ship, converted it into a troop transport, and named it Presidente Trujillo . In November 1938 the ship was demilitarized and handed over to the "Naviera Dominicana", which used it from January 1, 1939 between the Antilles, Mexico and Miami .
In the same year, the former Admiral von Tirpitz of the Chinese coastline of Hapag came under the Dominican flag as San Rafael . She was sunk on May 3, 1942 on the way from Tampa to Kingston by the German submarine U 125 as the first Dominican ship.
End of the Presidente Trujillo
On May 21, 1942, the Presidente Trujillo left Fort de France in Martinique for San Juan in Puerto Rico with a cargo of general cargo. Among other things, she had beer, machine parts and feed on board. It was armed with a 75 mm cannon and three anti-aircraft machine guns.
Shortly after sailing, the ship, which was traveling alone, was hit by a torpedo from U-156 aft at 18:29 and sank within four minutes to 14 ° 38 '0 " N , 61 ° 11' 0" W . Of the 39 people on board, only 15 were rescued. After the two former German steamers, only two small Dominican sailing ships were lost in the Second World War.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d mail steamer to Tsingtau , see Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping , Volume II Expansion on All Seas 1890-1900 , Chapter 16, p. 204 ff.
- ^ Kludas, Volume II, p. 207
- ↑ Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping , Volume II Expansion on All Seas 1890-1900 , Chapter 4, p. 38 ff.
- ^ Kludas, Volume II, p. 213.
- ↑ a b c Kludas: The history of the German passenger shipping. Volume III, p. 183.
- ^ Kludas: The history of the German passenger shipping. Volume III, p. 182.
- ^ Kludas, Volume III, p. 165
- ↑ Herbert, p. 67
- ↑ Herbert, p. 68
- ↑ a b Herbert, p. 70
- ↑ Herbert, p. 102
- ^ Kludas, Volume IV, p. 36
literature
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping. Volume 2: Expansion on All Seas, 1890-1900. Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1988, writings of the German Maritime Museum Volume 19.
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping. Volume 3: Rapid growth 1900 to 1914. Writings of the German Maritime Museum, Volume 20.
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping. Volume 4: Destruction and rebirth 1914 to 1930. Writings of the German Maritime Museum, Volume 21.