Grammos (mountain)
| Grammos (Γράμμος / Gramozi) | ||
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 Summit region from the south |
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| height | 2520 m | |
| location | Albania , Greece ( Ioannina Regional Unit ) | |
| Mountains | Northern Pindus Mountains | |
| Coordinates | 40 ° 20 ′ 0 ″ N , 20 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ E | |
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 South side seen from Plikati. |
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Grammos ( Greek Γράμμος or Γράμος Gramos , Albanian Gramoz or Gramozi ) is a mountain range belonging to the Pindos Mountains on the border between Greece and Albania. To the southwest is the Ioannina regional district of the Epirus region , and to the southeast is the Kastoria regional district belonging to Western Macedonia . To the north of the mountain range lies the Kolonja district on the Albanian side . The highest point of the Grammos massif on the Greek-Albanian border is called Maja e Çukapeçit in Albania . Its height is 2520 m , on Albanian maps with 2523.4 m above sea level. A. stated. The Voio adjoins the massif almost seamlessly , so that it is sometimes viewed as part of the massif.
The Grammos massif is densely forested with mainly pine trees. Steppe-like vegetation dominates at higher altitudes.
The national road 20 from Ioannina via Konitsa to Kozani passes the Grammos in the south from southwest to east. Here the national road 20 passes the Epano Arena pass , which leads over the southeastern branch of the Arenes .
The Grammos was - also due to its border location with Albania - a bastion of the communist-oriented rebels in the Greek civil war from 1946 to 1949. The last battle of the Greek civil war was Operation Fackel , in which the regular Greek armed forces of the right-wing Greek government led by the general Alexander Papagos defeated the rebels of the Democratic Army of Greece in 1949 with American support and thus ended the Greek civil war. A legacy of the civil war are minefields , which have not yet been completely removed despite extensive mine clearance.
The municipality of Gramos in the municipality of Nestorio is named after the Grammos .
natural reserve
On the Greek side, 45,000 hectares are designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) and are therefore partially protected. The area has a high density of different birds of prey , hawks and owls as dirt Geier , Gänsegeier , Schlangenadler , Buzzard , owl , Steinkauz and Raufußkauz on; the golden eagle is also represented with around two breeding pairs. Outside the breeding season, the Eleanor's falcon can be observed in this region. In addition, among many others, associated with alpine breed habitats songbirds , thrush , Brach Pieper , Steinhuhn and both Alpendohle and Chough within the IBA; the black stork is found in some wetlands and along the waterways . Some smaller protection zones with an increased protection status are wholly or partially within the IBA. They are also home to mammals such as brown bears , wolves , wild cats, and the Carpathian lynx , a rare subspecies of the Eurasian lynx. Among the reptile and amphibian fauna, it is noticeable that in this region the southernmost occurrences of some species that are otherwise only found in Central and Northern Europe such as adder and crested newt were found.
The Grammos region is sparsely populated and largely inaccessible. Many of the original 34 settlements have now been abandoned or are only inhabited by a few people in the summer months. The region is mainly used by extensive grazing. Disturbances from illegal logging and illegal hunting are still limited; hiking tourism is also barely developed.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ IBAs on the website of the Hellenic Ornithological Society
- ^ Birds in the Grammos area; Photo show
- ↑ Yorgos Korakis: Description and Protection Status of Mount Gammos (North West Greece) . In: ARCTUROS oJ p. 157 f.