Grimoald III.

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Monogram of Grimoalds III.

Grimoald III. (also Grimuald, Grimvald, Grimoldus ; * before 773; † April 806 ) was from 788 to 806 dux gentis Langobardorum (Duke of the Longobards) in the Duchy of Benevento .

Life

Origin and youth

He is the only surviving father of the son of Duke Arichis II of Benevento and Adelperga , daughter of King Desiderius .

Around 787 Arichis II sent his son Romuald with gifts to Charlemagne , who was staying in Rome to confirm his loyalty to the Franks. Probably at the instigation of Pope Hadrian I , Karl Romuald took hostage and marched to Capua in Benevento, while Arichis withdrew to the heavily fortified Salerno. Arichis then sent his son Grimoald to Karl, who was able to negotiate a peace treaty, which provided for a personal oath of allegiance and an annual tribute of 7,000 solidi . The cities of Arce , Aquino , Arpino , Sora , Teano and Capua were to be ceded to the Papal States, which would connect Rome and Naples by means of a wide "corridor". Grimoald III. followed as hostage of his father Charlemagne in the Franconian Empire, while Romuald was released. The Frankish-Byzantine alliance was over and so Arichis did not hand over the cities to the Pope, but instead is said to have concluded an alliance with Byzantium and his brother-in-law Adelchis , who lived there in exile .

Tremissis Grimoalds
GRIM - VAL DX; DOMS CAR • RX VIC
Grimvald dux; Dominus Carolus rex victor
Duke Grimoald; Mr. Karl (the great), king and victor

Domination

Arichis died on August 26, 787, but Charlemagne was reluctant to release Grimoald III, the rightful heir, from being held hostage in Benevento. Adelperga took over the reign for a few months until Grimoald III, who recognized Charles's sovereignty and swore an oath of allegiance, became Duke of Benevento and Salerno at the beginning of 788.

A Byzantine army under the sacellarius (treasurer) Johannes, the patricius Theodorus of Sicily and Adelchis landed in Calabria in 788 and devastated Benevento. Grimoald went with dux Hildeprand von Spoleto and his contingent and a few Franks, who were under Karl's agent Wineghisus (Winigis), against the invaders and fought them in a battle costing the Byzantines. In addition to the commander-in-chief Johannes, 4,000 Greeks are said to have died and 1,000 were taken prisoner.

Tremissis Grimoalds after 792
GRIMVALD; VITORV PRINCI
Grimoald, Prince

Around 790 Grimoald entered into an alliance with the Byzantines and married Euanthia, a granddaughter of St. Philaretus and sister-in-law of the Emperor Constantine VI. which evoked a Frankish intervention. King Pippin , Charles's son and deputy in Italy, devastated Benevento in 791. In 792 his brother King Ludwig of Aquitaine supported him in a second campaign, which was broken off because of a famine. Since 792 Grimoald had the title princeps and the name of Charlemagne was no longer mentioned on his coins. In documents he carried the title Grimoalt summo magno princ Langobardorum genti (Grimoald, supreme prince of the Lombard people). Around 795, Grimoald divorced Euanthia and sent her back home.

In the late summer of 800 Charlemagne sent his son Pippin again to a campaign in Benevento, which was also unsuccessful. In 802 Grimoald besieged the Franconian comes (count) or dux (duke) Winnigis of Spoleto in Luceria, took him prisoner and released him after a year.

Grimoald III. died in April 806 and was buried in the Cathedral of Salerno next to his father and brothers.

swell

Annales regni Francorum (for the years 787, 788, 802 and 803)

literature

Web links

Commons : Grimoald III.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c Italy, Emperors & Kings (English)
  2. ↑ a b c Hartmann: History of Italy in the Middle Ages Vol. II Part 2, Perthes, Gotha 1903, p. 302ff.
  3. ^ Einhard : Vita Caroli Magni , chap. 10.
  4. ↑ a b Hartmann: History of Italy in the Middle Ages, Vol. II, Part 2, Perthes, Gotha 1903, pp. 312-316.
  5. ^ Hartmann: History of Italy in the Middle Ages Vol. II Part 2, Perthes, Gotha 1903, p. 344.
  6. ↑ Einhardi Annales 802 and 803, MGH SS I, pp. 190f.
  7. ↑ Annales Fuldenses 802 and 803, MGH SS I, p. 353.
  8. ^ Annales Regni Francorum, 802 and 803.
  9. ↑ Chronicon Salernitanum 30, MGH SS III, p. 486.
predecessor Office successor
Arichis II Duke of Benevento
788-806 		Grimoald IV.
personal data
SURNAME Grimoald III.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Grimuald; Grimvald; Grimoldus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Benevento (788-806)
DATE OF BIRTH before 773
DATE OF DEATH April 806