Great pyra

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Great pyra
Winter evening in the valley of the Great Pyra

Winter evening in the valley of the Great Pyra

Data
Water code DE : 54112
location Saxony , Germany
River system Elbe
Drain over Zwickauer Mulde  → Mulde  → Elbe  → North Sea
source at Carlsfeld
50 ° 23 ′ 57 ″  N , 12 ° 34 ′ 27 ″  E
Source height approx.  930  m
muzzle at Rautenkranz in the Zwickauer Mulde coordinates: 50 ° 27 ′ 30 ″  N , 12 ° 29 ′ 23 ″  E 50 ° 27 ′ 30 ″  N , 12 ° 29 ′ 23 ″  E
Mouth height approx.  620  m
Height difference approx. 310 m

Discharge at the Sachsengrund
A Eo gauge : 6.47 km²
Location: 6.6 km above the mouth 		NNQ (02/20/1978)
MNQ 1971–2014
MQ 1971–2014
Mq 1971–2014
 MHQ 1971–2014
HHQ (05/08/1978) 		0 l / s
30 l / s
183 l / s
28.3 l / (s km²)
 2.72 m³ / s
10.7 m³ / s

The Great Pyra , formerly also Gr. Called Bühra , is a right tributary of the Zwickauer Mulde in Saxony .

course

It rises on the ridge of the Western Ore Mountains at around 930 m above sea level on the German-Czech border. The source stream flows in a north-westerly direction through the black pond, which is now dry . Here it crosses over to the Saxon side and takes up the Seerbächel and Butterbächel as larger tributaries on the right-hand side. Schwerdtbach and Mordbach then flow on the left. A right tributary called "Kleine Pyra", also called "the Rothe Bühre" and later "Obere Kleine Pyra" in the Saxon miles sheets of 1791, should not be confused with the actual Kleine Pyra , which flows further west and is an independent tributary of the Zwickau Mulde is.
After a few kilometers, the river passes the small village of Sachsengrund . In the Morgenröthe district of the Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz community , the Great Pyra includes the Heroldsbach, the Markersbach and the Steinbächel. In the area where the Kohlanger valley widens, the Hammergraben, which then runs parallel, branches off. Finally, in Rautenkranz, the Great Pyra flows into the Zwickauer Mulde at an altitude of around 620 m. There is a source of radium near the mouth .

History of use

In the past, the water drove hammer mills, as in the upper part of Morgenröthe, and the Heßmühle, the Friedrichsmühle and the Pyramühle. Some of the mill moats are still visible today. The river was used to transport the wood from the surrounding forests using rafts. There was the raft inspection of the Saxon elector for the Wilzsch and Mulden rafts with an electoral Saxon head supervisor and an electoral Saxon raft master , which were named in the first court and state calendar of Saxony of 1728 are listed. Karl August Engelhardt reported in 1804 in “Erdbeschreibung von Kursachsen” about rafting on the Great Pyra and its supraregional importance for the supply of cities such as Leipzig and Halle with wood: Due to long-term contracts with the forest owners of the border forests, wood would be felled in summer and in the winter sleigh to the large Pyrarer or black pond brought.

“As soon as the snow melts in spring and the pond swells with it, the rafts begin. Every day on the raft, a thousand and more fathoms are rafted down the great pyra to the large wood ring, where the pyra falls into the hollow. Here everything is seen in full activity, pulling the pieces of wood out of the water, turning them into pokes and numbering them. If the wood approached at the black pond is rafted according to the diamond shape, the so-called contracting is now carried out in autumn. People with horses and oxen flock here from almost all of the Vogtland to get a certain amount of wood, ie to drive to the so-called new ditch and the Gelenbach, 2 hours from the Rautenkranzer Anger. It stays here again until the thaw in spring, where it is then poured into the Göltzsch on its ditches and from there at Graiz the Elster. In this way, the wood reaches its destination. The first year it comes from the ground up to the raft pond, the other year up to the Rautenkranzer Holzanger and from there in winter to the mentioned brooks and in the third year only to the main rivers, which bring it to Leipzig and Halle. "

In 1815 August Schumann describes the same thing almost word for word.
The Vogtland rafting association Muldenberg e. V. remembers the former raft system with an annual rafting, which he has carried out since reunification.

The Great Pyra in Dawn

natural reserve

The meadows on the lower reaches of the Great Pyra are of European importance due to their natural features. They belong to sub-area 9 “Meadows on the Great Pyra” of the Natura 2000 area “Upper Zwickau Muldetal”. It has the EU registration number 5540-302 in the continental list of sites of Community importance of the European Commission. The entire area is protected by ordinance issued by the Chemnitz Regional Directorate on January 26, 2011. The annex to the ordinance lists the conservation objectives for the FFH area as a whole. The unpublished management plan for this area contains the measures that are suitable for achieving the conservation objectives.

According to a population survey between 1982 and 1990, the Great Pyra was a breeding area for the dipper over long stretches of its lower course.

Others

In 1791 a tributary was called "the Rothe Bühre", today "Kleine Pyra"

The name Pyra is interpreted as follows in “The Eastern Vogtland” in the “ Values ​​of German Homeland ” series : It “probably belongs to Old Sorbian pyr = ash, heat”. So the name should be understood as "Aschenbrennerbach".
The upper reaches of the Great Pyra crosses exclusively forest areas and drains the protected high moor of the Great Crane Lake in a westerly direction. The boggy subsoil turns the water of the river dark. It carries humic substances with it, which arise in the moors and forests from which it comes and which pollute all streams coming from this area. Under certain circumstances - with heavy precipitation and during the snowmelt - the humic content increases sharply. The trail, which runs through the valley of the Great Pyramids, ends on ridge road near the source of the river.
The tributary called "Kleine Pyra" was previously called "Rote Pyra", as it was in a publication from 1833. In the Saxon Miles Papers from the end of the 18th century, this tributary is referred to as "the Rothe Bühre".
In both 1954 and 2013, the Great Pyra burst its banks after heavy rain and caused damage from floods such as bank and wall demolitions.

gallery

The Great Pyra in the upper part of Morgenröthe.

  • After recording the Markersbach

  • The Markersbach feeds the Pyra

  • The river as namesake

  • In June 2015

  • Between street and house gardens

  • Kohlangerwiese at Hammergraben

literature

  • Hydrological manual. (PDF; 115 kB) Part 2 - Area Codes. Free State of Saxony - State Office for Environment and Geology, p. 12 , accessed on December 25, 2017 .

Web links

Commons : Large Pyra  collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part I 2014. (PDF) State Office for Flood Protection and Water Management Saxony-Anhalt, p. 135 , accessed on November 3, 2018 (from: lhw.sachsen-anhalt.de).
  2. ^ Elevation chart of the Kingdom of Saxony and the adjoining part of Bohemia, designed and drawn by Albert Schiffner . Lithographie-Anstalt Wenzel Pobuda, Verlag J. Scheible, Stuttgart 1839 Digitized , accessed on July 18, 2015
  3. ↑ a b sheet 211 of the Sächsische Meilenblätter - Freiberg copy -, basic recording in 1791, supplements up to 1876 Link to the map sheet in the Dresden State and University Library
  4. ↑ Sheet 220 of the Berlin copy of the Meilenblätter von Sachsen from 1791 by Friedrich Ludwig Aster ( link to the map sheet in the Dresden State and University Library )
  5. ↑ Carsten Lorz: Water acidification and soil condition in a catchment area in the Upper Ore Mountains in: Bernd Cyffka, Joachim W. Härtling (Ed.): Bodenmanegement , Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-540-42369-0 , p 132 Digitized version , accessed on October 26, 2015
  6. ↑ a b Hiking map of Saxony, 1: 25,000, sheet 15 - Westerzgebirge - Eibenstock, Johanngeorgenstadt - Land survey office Saxony, 1st edition. Dresden 1996, ISBN 3-86170-717-9 .
  7. ^ Albert Schiffner: Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony . First delivery, containing the Zwickau directions district, from Friedrich Fleischer Leipzig 1839, p. 409 digital copy , accessed on August 22, 2015
  8. ↑ Royal. Polish and Elector Saxon. Hoff and Staats calendar to the year 1728 . To be found in Weidmannische Buchladen, Leipzig 1728, unpag. ( Digitized version of the relevant page in the digital collections of the Duchess Anna Amalia Library in Weimar )
  9. ↑ Karl August Engelhardt : Thank God Immanuel Merkel's description of the earth of Electoral Saxony and the countries that belong to it . Third volume. Third, thoroughly improved and increased edition, Dresden-Friedrichstadt with the author and Leipzig with Barth, 1804, p. 59 digitized
  10. ↑ [1] . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 2nd volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1815, p. 420.
  11. ^ Website of the association , accessed on March 1, 2016
  12. ↑ Overview map in the appendix and § 2 of the ordinance of the Chemnitz Regional Directorate for the determination of the area of ​​community importance "Upper Zwickauer Muldetal" from January 26, 2011 (SächsABl.SDr. S. S 120) [2] . The overview map cannot be reached directly. By clicking on the overview map at the end of the regulation, it can be downloaded as a PDF file.
  13. ↑ a b c d Ordinance of the Chemnitz Regional Directorate for the determination of the area of ​​community importance "Upper Zwickauer Muldetal" of January 26, 2011 (SächsABl.SDr. S. S 120) [3] , accessed on January 3, 2015
  14. ↑ A.Günther: On the ecology and stock situation of the dipper Cinclus cinclus aquaticus BECHSTEIN 1803, in the administrative district of Chemnitz , in: Staatliches Umweltfachamt Chemnitz (Ed.): Ecological assessment of waters in the administrative district of Chemnitz , editorial deadline on October 30, 1993, 2nd edition, Chemnitz o. J. (1994), p. 47
  15. ^ The eastern Vogtland (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 59). 1st edition. Verlag Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1998, ISBN 3-7400-0938-1 , p. 200.
  16. ↑ Press release of the State Dam Administration Saxony 57/2010 from December 9, 2010 [4] , accessed on October 4, 2015
  17. ↑ Communications from the Statistical Association for the Kingdom of Saxony, third delivery, from Friedrich Christian Wilhelm Vogel, Leipzig 1833, p. 4 digitized
  18. ↑ Sheet 220 of the Berlin edition of 1791, digitized in the Dresden State and University Library
  19. ↑ Gero Fehlhauer: Hochwasser im Vogtland 1954 and 2013. Sutton-Verlag, Erfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-95400-303-7 , pp. 18, 21 and 23. Digitized with images