Great Synagogue (Lutsk)
| Great Synagogue of Lutsk | |
|---|---|
 Great Synagogue of Lutsk |
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| Construction year: | 1628 |
| Location: | 50 ° 44 '9.5 " N , 25 ° 19' 7.3" E |
| Address: | Daniel-Halytsch-Strasse, 33 Ukraine |
| Purpose: | Judaism synagogue |
The Great Synagogue of Lutsk in Ukraine is a secular Renaissance synagogue with a turret located at 33 Daniel-Halytsch-Strasse. The synagogue , a national architectural monument , was built in the center of the Shydivshchyna shtetl in the 1620s . For a long time it served as the religious , educational and social center of the Lutsk Jews . The building also had a defensive function (see military synagogue ).
The synagogue was partially destroyed in 1942 and in the decades thereafter. It was renewed in the 1970s. Today the building serves as a clubhouse for a sports club.
history
The first mention of Jews in Lutsk dates back to 1388, when Vytautas the Great , Grand Duke of Lithuania , regulated the settlement of Jews in the principality. The city and its synagogue were destroyed in 1617 after the attack by the Tatars. Research is based on the new building in the first half of the 16th century on the site of the previous synagogue.
On May 5, 1626 King Sigismund III. Waza granted the Lutsk Jews the right to build the wall synagogue and the new school. The Dominicans , whose monastery and church were in a neighboring Catholic district, complained about the higher height of the synagogue, but the king reaffirmed his decisions in 1628. The court found that the height of the synagogue does not affect the monastery.
The main room was the cube-shaped prayer hall in the Renaissance style with a wall thickness of 1.5 meters, which had two one-story outbuildings for the women and the school. At the request of the king, a gun turret with an embrasure and an arsenal was built at the southern corner of the prayer hall . A yeshiva was established in the new synagogue .
In 1869 the synagogue was burned down. As a result of some peculiarities in the economic and legal system in the second half of the 19th century, the Jewish social order changed. New shtetls and synagogues were built. In the old shtetl Shydiwschtschyna, in the middle of which was the protective synagogue, poor Jews lived in a dense building. Soon the main synagogue lost its role as the center of Jewish life.
In 1936 the building was renovated with the support of the voivod government . During the Second World War , the synagogue was damaged by shelling. In 1941 the Wehrmacht occupied the city. The Germans formed three Jewish ghettos . Buildings and facilities in the Jewish quarter were also damaged and destroyed. Around 17,000 ghetto prisoners were shot in August and September 1942. Then explosives were thrown into the main synagogue.
In 1976/77 the synagogue was partially rebuilt.
memory
Foreign researchers and museums have rendered outstanding services to the Lutsk Synagogue. A model showing the synagogue in the second half of the 19th century is kept in the Museum of the Jewish Diaspora Beit Hatefutsot in Tel Aviv University . It now shows elements that have been lost. A 3D electronic model of the synagogue is located in the Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem .
On May 30, 1995, a memorial plaque for the murdered Jews of Lutsk was installed on the wall of the former synagogue.
See also
synagogue
Bima of the synagogue
synagogue
Plaque
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literature
- Majer Bałaban: Karaici w Polsce. V. Łuck. In: Nowe Życie, Warszawa. No. 3, 1924, ZDB -ID 1364505-5 , p. 323.
- Fanny Kraszyńska: Żydzi Łuccy do końca XVII w. In: Rocznik Wołyński. Vol. 7, 1938, ZDB -ID 1156163-4 , pp. 139-178.
- Marian Małuszyński: Łuck w wiekach srednich. 1939, (typewritten).
- Ростислав Метельницький: Деякі сторінки єврейської забудови Луцька. Дух і літера, Київ 2001, ISBN 966-7273-16-4 , pp. 85-133.
- Mieczysław Orłowicz: Ilustrowany przewodnik po Wołyniu. Nakładem Wołyńskiego Tow. Krajoznawczego i Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości, Łuck 1929.
- Grzegorz Rąkowski: Przewodnik krajoznawczo-historyczny po Ukrainie Zachodniej. Volume 1: Wołyń. Oficyna Wydawnicza “Rewasz”, Pruszków 2005, ISBN 83-89188-32-5 .
- Zbigniew Rewski: Z zabytków Wołynia. In: Znicz. No. 6, 1936, pp. 85-86.
- Tadeusz Jerzy Stecki: Luck starożytny i dzisiejszy. “Czas”, Kraków 1876, p. 219, ( digitized version ).
- Łuck. In: Filip Sulimierski, Bronisław Chlebowski, Wladislaw Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich. Volume 5. Wieku, Warszawa 1884, pp. 778-792, ( online ).
- Adam Wojnicz: Łuck na Wołyniu. Opis historyczno-fizjogrficzny. Promyk, Łuck 1922, pp. 39–42.
