Big goat beard

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Big goat beard
Big goat beard (Tragopogon dubius)

Big goat beard ( Tragopogon dubius )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Goat beards ( tragopogon )
Type : Big goat beard
Scientific name
Tragopogon dubius
Scop.

The goat's beard ( Tragopogon dubius ), also called goat's beard , is a species of plant from the subfamily of the Cichorioideae within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

features

The perennial plant reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. At the base of the stem there are often remains of previous year's leaves. The leaves are narrowly lanceolate, long pointed and entire. The stalks of the flower heads are hollow and thickened like a club on the top. The goat beard blooms from May to July. The light yellow inflorescences ( basket ) have a diameter of 4 to 6 centimeters. They open at eight in the morning and close again at noon. The eight to twelve bracts are not constricted above the base and are significantly longer than the ray florets. The cup stalks are greatly enlarged at fruit time. The long-billed fruits are 20 to 40 millimeters long; the pappus is feathery.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.

distribution

The lime and heat-loving species grows in waste places, roads, dams, in sunny Staudenfluren on dry grasslands, such as in disturbed brome - chalk grasslands in mesophilic , halbruderalen couch grass dry corridors , in sweet clover - and Natternkopf -Fluren and on railway property. It occurs in Central Europe especially in societies of the Dauco-Melilotion, but also of the Mesobromion or Convolvulo-Agropyrion. The original distribution area includes Central Europe, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, Turkey, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Siberia and Xinjiang. In Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Lithuania, India, Bhutan, southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Canada and the United States, the species is a neophyte .

In Germany, the species is quite rare and especially heat-favored regions in the central part are populated, for example in the Rhine-Main area and the Thuringian basin. In the north German lowlands, the goat beard is missing over long distances.

In Austria , the goat's beard occurs in the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Burgenland , Upper Austria as well as inconsistently in Styria , Carinthia , Salzburg and Tyrol in the colline to submontane altitude range . The species is found frequently in the Pannonian region of Austria, otherwise rarely and only inconsistently (e.g. next to railway lines) or locally naturalized.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Tragopogon dubius subsp. dubius
  • Tragopogon dubius subsp. desertorum (Lindem.) Tzvelev : It occurs in European Russia, Ukraine and Moldova.
  • Tragopogon dubius subsp. major (Jacq.) Vollm . : It is originally found in Spain, France, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Switzerland, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia, European Russia and Moldova.

Differentiation from similar species

The wild goat beard ( Tragopogon pratensis ), which is often found in Central Europe , also has yellow flowers, but no clearly thickened wicker stems.

On the other hand, the oat root ( Tragopogon porrifolius ) , which originally comes from the Mediterranean region, has a club- like, thickened wicker stem, similar to the goat's beard, but blooms wine-red and has more blue-green leaves.

  • Flower head

  • The typical "goat beard" of the goat beard

  • Basket just before the seeds ripen (cut open)

  • Flower with ripe seeds spread by the wind

  • Pappus with feathers, these are interwoven

  • Ripe achenes (cut open)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  981 .
  2. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 959 .
  3. ↑ a b Tragopogon in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  4. ↑ a b c Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Tragopogon dubius In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

literature

Web links

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