Great stone graves near Basedow
| Great stone graves near Basedow | |||
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 Great stone grave Basedow 1 |
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| Coordinates | Basedow 1 , Basedow 2 , Basedow 3 | ||
| place | Basedow , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | 398-398a | ||
The megalithic graves near Basedow are three megalithic grave systems of the Neolithic funnel cup culture near Basedow in the Mecklenburg Lake District ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ). Graves 1 and 3 have the Sprockhoff numbers 398 and 398a. Graves 1 and 3 were examined by Robert Beltz in 1898 . Ewald Schuldt excavated grave 1 in 1968, cleared grave 2 of vegetation and carried out a small follow-up examination at grave 3.
location
Graves 1 and 2 are located north of Basedow in the palace gardens . Grave 2 is 150 m west of grave 1. Grave 3 is 4.4 km southwest of it in the Tiergarten forest , directly west of the road . The area around Basedow is rich in other prehistoric graves. This includes several dozen burial mounds and numerous flat graves .
Grave 2 is not listed by Ernst Sprockhoff , instead he has grave 3 under number 2. Here Ewald Schuldt's numbering is followed, which is also used in the state monument directory.
description
Grave 1
Grave 1 is a north-south oriented large dolmen with a length of 3.25 m, a width of 1.25 m in the south and 1.70 m in the north and a height between 1.6 m and 1, 7 m. It consists of three pairs of wall stones on the long sides, a capping stone on the northern narrow side and three cap stones, all of which are still there. The two outer capstones have bowls . At the southern end of the chamber two end slabs and two threshold stones made of red sandstone were found. In front of the burial chamber is a small, 0.8 m high anteroom, which consists of three wall stone slabs made of red sandstone in the west and south and a capstone and which leaves an entrance in the east.
Robert Beltz had already found in his unpublished investigation, which was only mentioned in the local file , that the burial chamber was filled with stones. Schuldt removed the backfill. He found that it was digged up to 0.6 m below the top edge of the wall stones and consisted of gray-black, sandy material. The backfill underneath was solid and interspersed with rolling stones . In the spaces between the wall stones, dry masonry made of red and gray sandstone slabs could be identified. The pavement consisted of four layers, each with clay at the bottom and red sandstone at the top. A paving made of red sandstone slabs was also found in the anteroom.
About 3–4 m away from the chamber, Schuldt found several stone blocks that belonged to the original enclosure and that proved that the grave originally had a rectangular barren bed, but the exact dimensions of which can no longer be determined because an adjacent stream makes it too strong eroded.
Numerous finds have been made inside the chamber. Beltz had already come across a flint knife. Schuldt found numerous bones. These were disordered human bones and an unusually large number of animal bones. Five human skulls and mostly broken limb bones were found. The animal bones came from the wild boar . Two flat axes , a narrow chisel , a drill, two striking stones, three flat retouched arrowheads , five cross-edged arrowheads and a blade scraper were found on flint tools . The chamber also contained numerous ceramic shards, some of which could be reconstructed into vessels. Several were spherical amphorae from a subsequent burial of the sphere amphorae culture . Other additions included a "Gnidelstein" (a round polished by the surf Feuerstein), several amber - pearls in different shapes, a Knochenpfriem and a device from a boar tooth.
Grave 2
Grave 2 is also a large dolmen. It has a length of about 5 m and a width of about 2 m. The stone blocks are all on the ground. A chamber plaster could not be found. A cluster of red sandstone slabs was found at the far southern end of the stone setting. Ewald Schuldt interpreted the entire finding as a large stone grave that was begun but not completed. A stone measuring 2 × 2 m should have been intended as a capstone. Schuldt found a narrow chisel and several ceramic shards in the complex, including the handle of a jug-like vessel.
Grave 3
Grave 3 was discovered by chance while searching for stones for road construction. Beltz called it a stone box and Sprockhoff called it a block box , while Schuldt classified it as an Urdolmen . The north-east-south-west oriented burial chamber was built on a natural elevation and was originally covered with a 1.5 m high stone layer. The chamber has a length of 1.75 m, a width of 1 m and a height of 1 m. The walls are made of granite slabs , the northwest long side has two slabs, the other three sides one each. The cover plate is made of white sandstone and has numerous bowls. It has a length of 2.3 m, a width of 1.8 m and a thickness of 0.25 m.
The chamber had already been cleared before Beltz's investigation, so he had to rely on the workers' descriptions. Accordingly, it was filled with sand. In the north there were two piles of human bones that could be assigned to two individuals who had probably been buried sitting or crouching. Before them stood an undecorated amphora . During his follow-up examination, Schuldt found an undecorated shard and a flint scraper. The amphora is now in the collection of the Archaeological State Museum Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in Schwerin , Schuldt's findings reached Waren (Müritz) .
See also
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest. Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe 1. Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, p. 27.
- Robert Beltz : The Stone Age sites in Meklenburg. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology . Volume 64, 1899, p. 97 ( online ).
- Robert Beltz: Stone box grave from Basedow. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 64, 1899, pp. 121-124 ( online ).
- Ingeburg Nilius : The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel cup culture (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of the districts of Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. Volume 5). Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1971, p. 93.
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and historical monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume V. Köhler, Leipzig 1902, p. 225 ( online ).
- Ewald Schuldt : Old Graves - Early Castles. Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1964, Figs. 21–22.
- Ewald Schuldt: The large stone graves of Basedow, Malchin district. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1969. 1970, pp. 81-93.
- Ewald Schuldt: The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. Research on their architecture and function. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1972, p. 134.
- Ernst Sprockhoff : The Nordic megalithic culture (= manual of the prehistory of Germany. Volume 3). de Gruyter, Berlin / Leipzig 1938, p. 54.
- Ernst Sprockhoff: Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. Rudolf-Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1967, p. 31.
Web links
- The Megalithic Portal: grave 1 , grave 2 (here listed as tomb 3) , tomb 3 (here listed as tomb 2)
- KLEKs Online: Grave 1 , Grave 2 , Grave 3
- grosssteingraeber.de: grave 1 , grave 2 (here listed as grave 3) , grave 3 (here listed as grave 2)
- strahlen.org: grave 1 , grave 2 (here listed as grave 3) , grave 3 (here listed as grave 2)