Great stone graves near Mürow
| Great stone graves near Mürow | |||
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 The large stone grave Mürow 1 |
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 3 '48.4 " N , 14 ° 1' 57.4" E | ||
| place | Angermünde , Brandenburg , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | 464 | ||
The megalithic graves near Mürow were two megalithic tombs of the Neolithic funnel cup culture near Mürow , a district of Angermünde in the Uckermark district ( Brandenburg ). Only one of these still exists today. It bears the Sprockhoff number 464 and was archaeologically examined in 1965 . The second grave was probably destroyed in the second half of the 19th century.
location
Grave 1 is located about 1 km north of Mürow, about 100 m east of the road to Frauenhagen in an S-curve. The site is located directly on the boundary . As Flurnamen "stone cliff" and "vineyard" have survived. The exact location of the destroyed second grave is unknown.
Research history
The oldest description of the facilities comes from a report by Pastor T. Hockardt from 1713, to which reference is made in the Historical Description of the Chur and Mark Brandenburg, begun by Johann Christoph Bekmann and published by his great-nephew Bernhard Ludwig Bekmann in 1751 . Grave 1 seems to have been robbed by 1755 at the latest. In 1845, Leopold von Ledebur described both plants as still in existence; Grave 2 was destroyed at a later date. Ernst Sprockhoff and Ingeburg Nilius found only one grave when they were taken in 1960. Horst Geisler carried out an excavation in 1965.
description
The preserved grave 1
Grave 1 has a north-west-south-east oriented burial chamber, originally encased by a rolling stone hill, which is an enlarged dolmen ( Eberhard Kirsch erroneously classifies it as large dolmen ). All wall stones are still in situ , they are made of granite and red sandstone . The two stones on the long sides are placed next to one another at an obtuse angle, which results in a slightly oval floor plan. The end stone is on the north-western narrow side, while a flat threshold stone marks the entrance on the south-eastern narrow side . The two capstones have also been preserved. One is still in situ, the second was split and built into the foundation of a medieval wall and was placed on the wall stones again after the excavation in 1965. Remains of spandrel masonry, with which the spaces between the wall stones were originally filled, have been proven. The chamber has a length of 2.2 m, a width of 1.3 m and a height of 0.9 m.
During the 1965 excavation, Geisler was able to recover the remains of two human skeletons. The first was determined as more male with a death age between 30 and 35 years, the second as more female and adult (around 20–40 years). Of grave goods more decorated and undecorated pottery shards were (some with cereal grain prints), two spindle whorls , a cross-bladed arrowhead flint , more flint artifacts and a rung of a red deer - antlers found. More shards and a flint dagger were found in front of the entrance, and more shards to the south of the grave. The finds can be assigned to the early, older Nordic funnel beaker culture and the Havelland culture (possibly also the spherical amphora culture ). Other human skeletal remains, bones of cattle and badgers and undefined bones are also known from old finds . For some human teeth it is unclear whether they came from this grave.
The finds from the excavation of 1965 are now in the Archaeological State Museum Brandenburg in the Paulikloster in Brandenburg an der Havel . The old finds were first placed in two private collections, the undetermined remains of bones later came to the Schwedt / Oder museum and are now lost; the certain remains of bones and human teeth are in the Märkisches Museum in Berlin .
The destroyed grave 2
Little information is available about grave 2. It was 10 feet (3.1 m) long and 5 feet (1.6 m) wide. Around 1845 there were still eight stones, four of which were overturned and / or slipped and were lying flat on the ground, while the others, according to von Ledebur, were "encircled" with a length and height of 4–6 feet each (approx. 1.6 -1.9 m). The original grave type can no longer be determined on the basis of this information. Nothing is known about the finds.
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest. Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe 1. Wilkau-Haßlau 1991, pp. 39–40.
- Johann Christoph Bekmann , Bernhard Ludwig Bekmann : Historical description of the Chur and Mark Brandenburg according to their origin, inhabitants, natural characteristics, waters, landscapes, towns, clerical donors, etc. [...]. Vol. 1, Berlin 1751, pp. 357, 371 ( online ).
- Karl Brunner: Stone Age ceramics in the Mark Brandenburg. Vieweg, Braunschweig 1898, p. 47.
- Carl Dormeyer: To the knowledge of the prehistory, especially the eastern part of the Uckermark. In: Home calendar of the Angermünde district. 1926, pp. 50-51 ( online ).
- Horst Geisler: Great stone grave and medieval road block near Mürow, Kr. Angermünde. In: excavations and finds. Volume 11, 1966, pp. 122-128.
- Eberhard Kirsch : Finds from the Middle Neolithic in the state of Brandenburg. Brandenburg State Museum for Prehistory and Early History, Potsdam 1993, pp. 49–50.
- Leopold von Ledebur : The pagan antiquities of the administrative district of Potsdam. A contribution to the antiquity statistics of the Mark Brandenburg. Berlin 1852, pp. 88-89 ( online ).
- Paul Müller: The Murow barrow. In: Yearbook of the Angermünde district. 1956, pp. 67-70.
- Hugo Schumann: The Stone Age graves of the Uckermark. Mieck, Prenzlau 1904, pp. 41-42.
- Ernst Sprockhoff : The cultures of the younger Stone Age in the Mark Brandenburg. Prehistoric research 4. Berlin 1926, p. 138.
- Ernst Sprockhoff: The Nordic megalithic culture (= manual of the prehistory of Germany Volume 3). de Gruyter, Berlin / Leipzig 1938, p. 8.
- Ernst Sprockhoff: Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 2: Mecklenburg - Brandenburg - Pomerania. Rudolf-Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1967, p. 58.