Havelland culture

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Havelland culture
Age : Middle Neolithic
Absolutely : 3200 BC BC to 2800 BC Chr.

expansion
Mark Brandenburg (Havel region) and Uckermark
Leitforms

Three or two-part handle cups, pots (hanging vessels), amphorae, pitchers, one-part bowls, mostly carpet-like decorations, flint axes, cross-edged flint arrow heads

Havelländische Kultur (EHK - also called Elb-Havel-Kultur or Molkenberger Kultur ) is the name of a late Neolithic regional group with a focus on the Brandenburg Havelland (around 3200 to 2800 BC) and the Uckermark with close contacts to the Walternienburg-Bernburg culture and especially in decor and technology of ceramics, the spherical amphora culture (KAK).

Material legacies

Hanging vessel of the Havelländischen culture from Beetzseeheide OT Butzow, Brandenburg ; Museum of Prehistory and Early History , Berlin
Ceramics and other artifacts of the Havelland culture; Archaeological State Museum Brandenburg , Brandenburg an der Havel

Characteristic for this culture are handle cups, pots (also called hanging vessels), jugs and amphorae as well as single-section, mostly undecorated bowls. The vessels are either tripartite or bipartite. Occasionally, there are conical cups with or without handles, barrel vessels and twin vessels. Typical characteristics are the carpet-like, deep stamp and engraving decorations on the ceramic vessels, which extend from the mouth of the vessel to the vessel belly. The cultural name developed from the Havelländische Keramik, which Alfred Götze highlighted in 1911. Rock tools rarely occur. Flint devices are more common . In addition to axes with a pointed oval cross-section, there are numerous cross-edged flint arrowheads. Jewelery is documented in the form of animal tooth chains, amber pearls and double ax- and scabbard-shaped bone pearls, as an imitation of amber pearls.

Funeral customs

The dead were buried in stretched body graves ( Dreetz site near Kyritz and Tangermünde ). One or two vessels, mostly cups, are often found in the area of ​​the head as well as weapons, tools and jewelry. In Buchow-Karpzow near Nauen there was evidence of a funeral hut with at least 22 skeletons and a sacrificial site in front of it with the remains of 20 to 22 cattle and human remains of a child.

Economic basis

This culture was based on agriculture and animal husbandry. The cultivation of emmer and barley are indirectly proven . Cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs, perhaps horses, were kept on animals. Remains of houses have not yet been found. The proportion of hunting and fishing is greater than in other Neolithic cultures.

literature

  • Hermann Behrens : The Neolithic Age in the Middle Elbe-Saale Area , Berlin 1973, 114–116.
  • Horst Keiling : Archaeological witnesses of the Neolithic farming population of Mecklenburg . 1986
  • Ernst Probst : Germany in the Stone Age: Hunters, fishermen and farmers between the North Sea coast and the Alpine region , Munich 1999 ISBN 3-570-02669-8 p. 386
  • Karin Schwertfeger: Elb-Havel culture . In: H.-J. Beier and R. Einicke (eds.): The Neolithic in the Middle Elbe-Saale area and in the Altmark. An overview and an outline of the state of research. Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe, Volume 4. pp. 203–213. Beier & Beran. 1994. ISBN 3-930036-05-3 .
  • Günter Wetzel : Neolithic , In: Potsdam, Brandenburg and the Havelland (Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany 37), 39–52 and 145–152. ISBN 3-8062-1489-1 .

Web links

Commons : Havelländische Kultur  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files