Great stone graves near Nipmerow
| Great stone graves near Nipmerow Magelowberg | |||
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 The large stone grave Nipmerow 5; View from the south |
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| Coordinates | 54 ° 34 '23.2 " N , 13 ° 36' 58.6" E | ||
| place | Lohme , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | - | ||
The megalithic graves near Nipmerow were five grave systems of the Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (TBK) in the vicinity of Nipmerow, a district of the municipality of Lohme in the district of Vorpommern-Rügen ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ). Four of these graves were destroyed in the 19th century. The fifth grave was originally thought to be a burial mound and was only recognized as a large stone grave during an excavation in 1983 . It is also known as the Magelowberg . It is the only known passage grave on Rügen . It was rebuilt as early as the Neolithic and used for subsequent burials during the Iron Age and the Slavic period .
location
The preserved grave is in the north of the Jasmund peninsula , northeast of Nipmerow, east of the road leading to Lohme. There are numerous other large stone graves in the vicinity: The two large stone graves are located 900 m southeast at Hagen-Stubnitz and 1.4 km northeast the Ranzow stone grave . The large stone graves near Wesselin , which were destroyed today, were located about 2.3 km to the southwest . In addition, the Jasmund peninsula has numerous burial mounds.
Research history
On the detailed register cards of the area around Lancken-Granitz, which were made between 1692 and 1709 in the course of the Swedish land survey of Western Pomerania , some of the enclosures seem to be already recorded. The first description of four graves was made in 1829 by Friedrich von Hagenow . His research was published in 1904 by Rudolf Baier . Since these graves had meanwhile been destroyed, they were not taken into account by Ernst Sprockhoff , who in 1931 documented the megalithic graves of Rügen for his Atlas of Megalithic Tombs of Germany . The fifth grave was still unknown to him. It was first recorded in a list of monuments in 1973 by Willi Lampe , but was mistakenly mistaken for a Bronze Age burial mound, as the burial chamber was almost completely covered with earth. During an appraisal of the facility in the summer of 1976, he found that it was severely endangered by gravel mining. For this reason an archaeological excavation was initiated.
The hill was first cleared of trees in the winter of 1982. The actual excavation took place in August 1983 under the direction of Günter Rennebach . Volunteer conservationists and some students from Lohme were deployed as excavation workers. Since it was still assumed that it was a burial mound, the complex was initially excavated using the quadrant method. A Neolithic burial chamber was only discovered in the course of the work.
description
The preserved grave 5
The Neolithic large stone grave
The grave was erected on a slight bump in the ground and initially consisted of an east-west oriented, rectangular barren bed with a length of 11 m and a width of 7 m. The burial chamber was built in this. In a second construction phase, the barrow bed and burial chamber were surrounded by a round mound with a diameter of 15 m. Like the megalithic bed, it was surrounded by stone. In the area between the boundary of the megalithic bed and the burial chamber sunk into the ground, a pavement made of pebbles was found. The round mound was made of humus-containing marl interspersed with large stones. This was followed by a layer of humus.
The burial chamber is oriented east-west. It has a length of 4.0 m, a width of 1.6 m and a height of 1.1 m. It has four wall stones on the southern long side and one end stone each on the narrow sides. The northern long side has three wall stones and a narrow plate. Two gang stones adjoin this slab and the western wall stone. The wall stones are quite far apart. The spaces between them were filled with granite slabs and rolling stones, with which the four cap stones were partially supported. The corridor has a height of 0.6 m and was covered with several granite slabs. The plate adjacent to the burial chamber had slipped into the chamber and wedged there. Furthermore, the corridor was filled with rolling stones. Overall, the burial chamber made a less careful impression on the excavators than the large dolem investigated in previous years on Rügen, such as the graves near Burtevitz or Lancken-Granitz .
The interior of the burial chamber was filled to the ceiling with sandy-marl-like soil, which did not contain any finds. The find layer only began 25 cm above the ground. Only the passage was paved, the floor of the burial chamber consisted only of tamped marl. A division of the chamber into quarters could not be determined.
The additions were spread over the entire floor of the burial chamber and the corridor. These included numerous ceramic vessels (double-conical vessels, barrel-shaped vessels, conical bowls, bowls and pots), stone implements (several axes , a completely and partially preserved chisel and two so-called crow stones ), flint implements (a leaf dagger, blades, scrapers and cross- edged arrowheads ) and amber - pearls in numerous forms (especially doppelaxtförmig , but also disk-roller-, club-shaped or cylindrical). The skeletal remains were too poorly preserved for detailed examination. On the basis of the remains of the skull it could only be determined that there were at least two burials.
Iron Age remains
In the south-western part of the mound, small remains of a reburial from the pre-Roman Iron Age were found just below the surface . It was about some edge and wall fragments of a ceramic vessel and the remains of corpse fire .
Slavic reburials
A second stone circle was discovered at an elevated point in the middle of the mound, which enclosed two Slavic burials. These were body graves oriented east-west that had been dug just below the surface of the hill. Grave 1 was directly above the Neolithic burial chamber, grave 2 about 1 m southwest of it. The two grave pits were bordered with rectangular stone settings. The dead lay on their backs stretched out. The preservation of the skeletons was relatively poor. The chest areas were largely gone, as were the hand and foot bones. The skeleton in Tomb 2 had a badly bent spine and a head turned to the left. In grave 1, an iron knife, a fire steel , a bronze fitting of a knife sheath, a bronze ring, a bronze razor and a ceramic bowl were found as additions . Grave 2 contained only an iron knife and a bronze scabbard fitting. Outside the two graves, another iron knife with bronze scabbard fittings, a shattered ceramic bowl and a button lid were found. On all three knives, impressions of organic tissue, probably the clothing of the dead, have been preserved in the corrosion layer. An investigation found that they came from wool fibers. Imprints of canvas had survived on the fire steel.
Destroyed graves
Grave 1
Grave 1 had a grave chamber of the Großdolmen type , which was encased by a rolling stone mound.
Grave 2
Grave 2 had a grave chamber of the Großdolmen type, which was also encased by a rolling stone mound.
Grave 3
Grave 3 had a grave chamber of the Großdolmen type, which was enclosed by a round mound with a circular stone enclosure.
Grave 4
Grave 4 had a grave chamber of the Großdolmen type, which lay in a trapezoidal barn bed.
See also
literature
- Rudolf Baier (Ed.): Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. Friedrich von Hagenow's notes from the papers he left behind. Abel, Greifswald 1904, p. 13.
- Hans-Jürgen Beier : The megalithic, submegalithic and pseudomegalithic buildings as well as the menhirs between the Baltic Sea and the Thuringian Forest. Contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe 1. Wilkau-Haßlau 1991.
- Friedrich von Hagenow : Special chart of the island of Rügen. Designed according to the latest measurements using all existing land maps. Lithographic Institute of the General Staff, Berlin 1829.
- Willi Lampe: The state-protected ground monuments of the Rostock district. Schwerin 1973.
- Luise Lorenz: Ceramic lifetimes and the useful life of northeast German megalithic graves. In: Martin Hinz, Johannes Müller (eds.): Settlement, trench works, large stone grave. Studies on the society, economy and environment of the funnel cup groups in northern Central Europe (= early monumentality and social differentiation. Volume 2). Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 2012, ISBN 978-3774938137 , pp. 61-86 ( online ).
- Ingeburg Nilius: The Neolithic in Mecklenburg at the time and with special consideration of the funnel beaker culture. Museum of Prehistory and Early History, Schwerin 1971.
- Günter Rennebach: The passage grave of Nipmerow, Rügen district. In: Ground monument maintenance in Mecklenburg. Yearbook 1985. 1986, pp. 39-75.
- Ingrid Schmidt: megalithic grave and sacrificial stone. Soil monuments on the island of Rügen. 2nd edition, Hinstorff, Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-356-00917-0 , pp. 14-16.
- Ewald Schuldt: The Mecklenburg megalithic graves. Research on their architecture and function. VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1972.
Web links
- grosssteingraeber.de: The large stone grave in Nipmerow (Magelowberg) near Lohme
- strahlen.org: Large stone grave "Nipmerow", Nipmerow near Sassnitz, island of Rügen
- The Megalithic Portal: Nipmerow Stone Grave
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Megalithic Portal: Nipmerow Stone Grave
- ↑ GeoGREIF Geographical Collections - register cards of the land registry of Swedish Pomerania 1692-1709, signature AV 99
- ↑ GeoGREIF Geographical Collections - register cards of the land registry of Swedish Pomerania 1692-1709, signature BX 79
- ↑ GeoGREIF Geographical Collections - register cards of the land registry of Swedish Pomerania 1692-1709, call number DI 25
- ↑ a b c d e Rudolf Baier (Ed.): Prehistoric graves on Rügen and in New Western Pomerania. Friedrich von Hagenow's notes from the papers he left behind. P. 13.
- ^ Willi Lampe: The state-protected ground monuments of the Rostock district. P. 54.
- ^ Günter Rennebach: The passage grave of Nipmerow, district of Rügen. Pp. 39-40.
- ^ Günter Rennebach: The passage grave of Nipmerow, district of Rügen. Pp. 40-43.
- ^ Günter Rennebach: The passage grave of Nipmerow, district of Rügen. Pp. 44-45.
- ^ Günter Rennebach: The passage grave of Nipmerow, district of Rügen. P. 45.
- ^ Günter Rennebach: The passage grave of Nipmerow, district of Rügen. Pp. 45-47, 68-72.
- ^ Günter Rennebach: The passage grave of Nipmerow, district of Rügen. P. 40.
- ^ Günter Rennebach: The passage grave of Nipmerow, district of Rügen. Pp. 40-42, 72-74.