Grubby silver fir milkling
| Grubby silver fir milkling | ||||||||||||
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JV Krombholz: "Lifelike images and descriptions of the edible, harmful and suspicious sponges" Plate 58 Figure: 11. |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius intermedius | ||||||||||||
| ( Krombh. ) Berk. & Broome |
The pitiful silver fir milkling ( Lactarius intermedius ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a large milkling with a pale yellow, unzoned hat that is deeply funnel-shaped with age, a pitted stem, cream to ocher-colored and slightly pink-tinted lamellas and a sharp, initially white, then sulfur-yellow milk. The brim of the hat is slightly downy hairy. The hot and therefore inedible mycorrhizal fungus grows under silver fir. The fruiting bodies appear from summer to autumn.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 5–10 (13) cm wide, flatly arched when young, soon flattened and depressed in the center to deeply funnel-shaped. The smooth, matt surface is greasy and shiny when moist. The hat is creamy-yellow to light lemon-yellow in color and the brim is curled up for a long time and hairy white when young.
The young light cream and later light ocher-colored lamellae are broadly attached to the stem or run down slightly. They are often slightly pinkish. The lamellas are often forked and their edges are smooth.
The more or less cylindrical stem is 4–5 cm long and 1.5–3 cm wide. It is partially tapered or thickened towards the base. In young fruiting bodies, the stem is full, but it soon becomes hollow. The initially whitish surface is smooth and frosted along its entire length, later it turns light yellow to pale ocher yellow, sometimes it has small point-like spots or pits.
When cut, the whitish flesh immediately turns sulfur yellow in places. It smells like fruit and tastes hot. The hot and initially white milk turns sulfur yellow within 10–20 seconds.
Microscopic features
The rounded to elliptical spores are 7.1–8.8 µm long and 6.1–7.5 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.2. The ornament is up to 0.8 µm high and is made up of several individual, sometimes burr-like elongated warts and burr-like ribs, which are only partially connected in a network.
The four-pore, club-shaped basidia are 45–55 µm long and 10–12 µm wide. The numerous cheilocystids are cylindrical to heady paracystids , some of which are septate and measure 25–55 µm × 6–9 µm. The sparse, spindle-shaped pleuromacrocystids are 55–100 µm long and 7–8 µm wide. You can usually only find them on the bottom of the slats.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is an ixocutis made up of gelatinized hyphae and hyphae fragments lying 2–5 µm wide in parallel .
Species delimitation
The Grubige Silver Fir Milchling can be confused with a number of Milchlingen from the Scrobiculatus group. It is most likely to be confused with the Grubigen Spruce Milkling ( L. scrobiculatus ). This hat has a more ocher yellow to honey yellow colored hat that is more or less clearly zoned. Young fruit bodies have thick, shaggy hair on the edge of the hat, the lamellae are yellowish without a pink tinge and the stalk is whitish to yellowish-white and covered with more or less numerous dimples almost the same color as the hat. The common Milchling is also found in spruce trees. The two species also differ microscopically. The spore ornamentation is more ridged and reticulate and the macrocystidia are smaller.
The rare lion's yellow milkling ( L. leonis ) is also very similar . His hat is also more or less unzoned, but much more yellow in color, the stem has numerous yellow, pitted spots and the lamellae are further apart. In addition, the edge of the hat is clearly hairy woolly. Microscopically it differs through the smaller, clearly net-like spores. Like the Grubige Fichten-Milchling, it also grows under spruce trees.
Very pale-capped specimens can still be confused with the fringed milkling ( L. citriolens ), which when young but always has a white-colored hat and a fringed, 5–6 mm long hairy brim. The Milchling grows under different deciduous trees.
ecology
The fruiting bodies of the Milchling appear solitary to gregarious in coniferous and mixed forests near firs. The Milchling likes base-rich, low-nitrogen soils over lime. Following its host, the Milchling appears predominantly in the hills and mountains.
distribution
The Grubigen White Fir Milchling is a purely European species that is mainly found in and around the Alps. The Milchling can therefore be found in France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Outside the Alps, the Milchling was found in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Greece. In Western, Northern and Eastern Europe, the Grubige silver fir milkling seems to be missing.
In Germany, the Milchling occurs almost exclusively in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg. Here you can find it in the foothills of the Alps and Upper Swabia, the Black Forest and the Rhön. In Austria the species occurs almost exclusively in the mountains and on limestone and is absent in the lowlands and over silicate rock. The Milchling is quite rare in Switzerland.
Systematics
The Milchling was first described by Krombholz in 1843 as Agaricus intermedius . However, according to the rules of botanical nomenclature , the name is invalid, as it was previously used by other authors for other species. 1803 by H. Schumacher and in 1815 in the Observationes Mycologicae by Fries . Fries' taxon, however, is synonymous with JA Scopoli Agaricus scrobiculatus , hence the name has been referred to as synonymous with Lactarius scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. viewed. In 1881, MJ Berkeley and CE Broome Krombholz validated A. intermedius and placed it in the genus Lactarius , so that it got its current name, which is still controversial.
Floriani (1999) dealt with the problem and pleaded for the name L. intermedius to be retained instead of a new name. He therefore suggested Krombholz drawing (panel no. 56, fig. 11) as a lectotype . In addition to Krobholz Basionym, there are the following synonyms:
- L. cilicioides subsp. intermedius (Krombh. → Berk. & Broome) Sacc. (1887)
- Lactifluus intermedius (Krombh) Kuntze (1891).
- L. cilicioides var. Intermedius (Krombh. → Berk. & Broome) Krieglst. (1999)
Inquiry systematics
The pitiful silver fir Milchling is placed by M. Basso in the Scrobiculati subsection , which is below the Piperites section. The representatives of the subsection have a more or less greasy hat, the edge of the hat is more or less hairy and the initially white milk turns yellow after a while.
meaning
The hot-tasting Milchling is not edible or only edible after appropriate pre-treatment.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 72.
- ^ A b c Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 210-11, 426-31 (Italian).
- ↑ a b Lactarius intermedius. Pilzoek database, accessed June 22, 2012 .
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Lactarius intermedius. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 22, 2016 ; Retrieved June 22, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Petkovski S .: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed July 9, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Gordana Kasom &, Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Nahuby.sk - Atlas húb - Lactarius intermedius. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved June 22, 2012 .
- ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved June 22, 2012 .
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed June 22, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved June 22, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Agaricus intermedius. (No longer available online.) In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved on June 22, 2012 (English, photos and original Latin description). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Lactarius intermedius. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 22, 2012 (English, photos and original Latin description).
- Lactarius intermedius. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on June 22, 2012 (Italian, photos of the Grubigen Weißtannen-Milchling).