Grunt

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Grunt
Virginia grunt (Anisotremus virginicus)

Virginia grunt ( Anisotremus virginicus )

Systematics
Acanthomorphata
Spinefish (Acanthopterygii)
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Order : Lutjaniformes
Family : Sweetlips and Grunts (Haemulidae)
Subfamily : Grunt
Scientific name
Haemulinae
Gill , 1885

The grunts (Haemulinae), often also called pig fish , are a subfamily of the Haemulidae from the order of the grunts and snappers (Lutjaniformes). The fish got their German name because they can produce grunting sounds with their gullet teeth, which are amplified by the swim bladder as a resonance body. Grunt species live in the Gulf of Mexico , the Caribbean , the western Atlantic , from Massachusetts to the coast of Brazil and the eastern Pacific .

Their sister group are the sweet lips (Plectorhinchinae), from which they differ by a shorter dorsal fin , with only 13 to 16 fin rays in the soft-rayed part. Grunts are mainly nocturnal and are inactive during the day in large schools near hiding places and at night spread over seagrass meadows and sandy areas in search of their food consisting of bottom-dwelling invertebrates . Juvenile grunts and, in a few species, also adult animals eat zooplankton . Grunts are caught as food fish and also kept as ornamental fish .

Genera and species

Brachydeuterus auritus
Conodon nobilis
French grunt ( Haemulon flavolineatum )
White grunt ( Haemulon plumieri )
Blue stripe grunt ( Haemulon sciurus )
Microlepidotus inornatus
Orthopristis chrysoptera
Pomadasys incisus
Pomadasys furcatus
Xenocys jessiae

"Inermiidae"

Two species from the subfamily, Emmelichthyops atlanticus and Haemulon vittatum, are very well adapted to a planktivorous diet and have developed a particularly protractile (protruding) jaw for this purpose. Until recently, they were therefore led into their own family, the Inermiidae, the latter as Inermia vittata . They are phylogenetically but within the Haemulinae and form no clade . The Inermiidae are therefore no longer valid.

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World . John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7
  • Ewald Lieske, Robert F. Myers: Coral fish of the world . Year Top Special Verlag Hamburg, ISBN 3-86132-112-2
  • Sanciangco, M., LA Rocha% KE Carpenter: A molecular phylogeny of the Grunts (Perciformes: Haemulidae) inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Zootaxa 2966: 37-50. 2011 PDF
  • Tavera, J., Acero P., A. & Wainwright, PC (2018): Multilocus phylogeny, divergence times, and a major role for the benthic-to-pelagic axis in the diversification of grunts (Haemulidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 121: 212-223. doi: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2017.12.032

Web links