High school professor

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Gymnasialprofessor is a term for teachers at higher schools , especially at grammar schools , with regionally different meanings.

In Germany , grammar school professor was an official title in the higher school service. This will no longer be awarded (official title will expire), but may continue to be used by the previous office holders, who have now retired. This name has a long tradition. They already existed in the German Reich and before that in individual German small states.

In Austria, teachers with a university education are generally referred to as professors at higher schools (AHS and BHS). Previously, the title was only available to tenured teachers, but since 2006 the contract teachers in the salary groups l pa and l 1 also officially use the designation “professor”. Originally, the professional title was introduced by the emperor (instead of salary adjustments to the general administrative officials) and still exists today as a professional title for university-trained teachers at secondary schools or teacher training institutions. Senior directors continue to receive the professional title “ Hofrat ” (HR).

Situation in Germany

As a civil servant , a high school professor belongs to the higher service career group .

About history

Due to the cultural sovereignty of the states, there were different national traditions with regard to the official title of high school professor. In Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, the title of high school professor was awarded until the 1970s. With the standardization of civil service law, however, these official titles disappeared and were replaced by the commonly used system of student adviser , senior student adviser and director of studies . Head of studies for school principals had already largely prevailed in the 1920s.

In the German Reich from 1871 to 1918, after passing the teaching examination, the first job with the official title of high school assistant took place . This was followed by promotion to high school teacher . After the high school professor one could still be appointed high school director. This title was replaced in the Weimar Republic by the title of senior director of studies . The high school professors were able to continue their title in parallel even after the introduction of the official title of study director .

High school council and other offices in higher schools

The Gymnasialrat (so-called small study council ) is to be distinguished from the high school professor. High school councilors were secondary school teachers at grammar schools with grade A 13 in Baden-Württemberg, Lower Saxony and Saarland. This official title is also expiring. For example, there are older high school councilors in Baden-Württemberg. They received a high school teacher training at the study seminars.

There were also senior high school teachers.

Area of ​​responsibility of a high school professor

The tasks of a high school professor hardly differ from those of a director of studies. He also took on the task of a specialist advisor or a specialist manager at the school or was entrusted with other special tasks of the school administration.

Salary

High school professors were paid according to grade A 15; in some cases they also received an official allowance (depending on the task area).

Selection process

The same applies to the selection process as to the Director of Studies. You were not automatically promoted to this position. They were advertised and interested university councilors and senior university councilors could apply. The applicants then had to prove their qualifications for this position in a selection process that included visits to classes and interviews with applicants.

Well-known high school professors

High school professors in literature (selection)

  • Georg Ruppelt : Professor Unrat and the Feuerzangenbowle . From grammar school teachers in literature , in the reading room / small specialties series from the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library - Lower Saxony State Library Niemeyer, Hameln 2004, 48 pages, ISBN 3-8271-8815-6 .
  • Heinrich Mann: Professor Unrat. Novel. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1988, 184 pp., ISBN 3-499-10035-5 (The novel first published in 1905. A high school professor, stuffy and a real frightened pupil, later fell into the passion of a small town courtesan. The film The Blue Angel with Marlene Dietrich in the main role was a world success.)
  • Thomas Mann: Doctor Faustus. Novel. S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 1947, p. 16 f .: The narrator Dr. phil. Serenus Zeitbloom: "... and from then on to Freising [...] as a high school professor [...] I enjoyed a satisfying job."
  • Adolf Muschg: Albisser's reason. Novel. 8th edition, Suhrkamp-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 1995, 379 pages, ISBN 3-518-36834-6 (grammar school professor Albisser is accused because he seriously injured his conversation therapist Constantin Zerutt with two shots).
  • Vladimir Neff: The robe of Mr. de Balzac . Roman [German translation by Gustav Just]. Buchverlag Der Morgen, Berlin 1984, 259 pages (A high school professor and children's book author, an impeccable citizen, comes into possession of Honoré de Balzac's famous robe ).

Literature about high school professors (selection)

  • Peter Kandora: A Prussian high school professor in the province of Westphalia. Clemens Rießelmann, teacher of Carl Schmitt (1850–1910). wvb, science Verlag, Berlin 2005, 151 S, ISBN 3-86573-133-3 .
  • Felicitas Marwinski: Karl Theodor Liebe: high school professor, geologist and observer of the local bird life . (Contributions to history and urban culture; Vol. 12), Hain-Verlag, Weimar / Jena 2004, 254 pages, ISBN 3-89807-067-0 .
  • Christoph Martin Wieland: Letter to the Stuttgart high school professor Balthasar Haug from 1771. [Ed .: Walter Strobel]. Facsimile [Dr.]. Scientific General Library, Erfurt 1969. - 9 sheets, 2 sheets of facsimile (souvenir for the 200th return of the day on which Wieland, coming from Biberach, arrived in Erfurt).
  • Joseph Schwind: Dr. Wolfgang v. Markhauser [1830–1910] as a high school professor and director of studies in Speyer (1871–1887). Memories on the return of the day of his death. Jäger, Speyer am Rhein 1911, 30 pages (= special print from the Palatina library , Palatina-Verlag [Dr. E. Jägersche Buchhandlung], Speyer am Rhein 1911, no. 10–15).
  • Friedrich Marcks: Oskar Jäger. The life of a German schoolboy. BG Teubner, Leipzig 1930, 272 pages (Oskar Jäger was a high school professor in Cologne (1865–1901) and professor of education and history in Bonn).

Further literature on high school professors can be found above in the biographies of well- known high school professors .

literature

  • Wulf Rehder: The German professor. Handbook for students, teachers, professors and those who want to become one. Rasch and Röhring, Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-89136-017-7 ; 2nd, supplementary edition. Ed. Wötzel, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-925831-44-4
    (One chapter: The high school professor.)

Web links

Wiktionary: High school professor  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

swell

  1. ↑ Federal Law Gazette I No. 117/2006 , p. 3, § 46a .: Teachers in the salary groups l pa and l 1 use the designation "professor".
  2. ↑ On the career titles ( Memento from January 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ Kroll ZBR 1994, 299, 309