Gyula Pap (painter)

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Gyula Pap (born November 10, 1899 in Orosháza , Austria-Hungary ; died September 24, 1983 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian painter, lithographer, silversmith, designer, teacher and Bauhaus student .

Menorah (1922)
Liqueur jug ​​(1922)
Memorial plaque in Budapest for Dezső Bokros Birman, Gyula Hincz, Gyula Pap and Márk Vedres (2007)

Life

Gyula Pap moved with his parents to Vösendorf in 1912 and then to Vienna , where from 1914 he attended the graphic teaching and research institute and a zincographic workshop. In 1917 he was called up as a soldier on the Italian front and after the end of the war studied for a year at the arts and crafts school in Budapest. After the defeat of the Soviet Republic he emigrated to Austria, where he private art school in Vienna Johannes Itten also attended by Naum Slutzky taught visited. In 1920 he switched to silversmith training in Weimar, where Itten was in charge of the metal workshop at the Bauhaus . There at the Bauhaus in 1922 Pap created a menorah , also made as a six-armed candlestick, and the liqueur jug. A painting course with Theo van Doesburg introduced him to his De Stijl initiative . Like Paul Citroen , Georg Muche and Itten at the Bauhaus, Pap was one of the Mazdaznan supporters. In 1923 he got involved in the dispute about the future orientation of the Bauhaus towards the "industrial purpose form", whereupon László Moholy-Nagy took over the metal workshop as the " form master " and Itten, who pursued the "artistic style form", left the Bauhaus. On April 6, 1923, Pap passed the test in front of the Weimar Chamber of Crafts , he received the journeyman's certificate from Walter Gropius and he went back to Transylvania because his mother was ill.

Between 1924 and 1927 he worked as a lithographer in Transylvania, Romania, in Cluj-Napoca and Sibiu , since 1919 , and began to take photographs. He published a pacifist magazine there. He was then brought by Itten to his private art school in Berlin , where he led a painting class and life drawing until 1933 . After the handover of power to the National Socialists , his residence permit was no longer renewed, and Pap returned to Hungary in 1934, where he tried to run a painting school. In Budapest he had contact with the “group of socialist visual artists”, with Sándor Bortnyik , Ernő Kállai , with whom he visited the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris , and with Lajos Kassák . From 1936 he found employment as a textile draftsman in Léo Goldberger's company . In 1944 he was drafted into the labor service.

After the end of the Second World War, he founded the painting school for workers and peasants' children Nagy Balogh János in Nagymaros in 1948, based on Bauhaus principles. Between 1949 and 1962 he was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Budapest .

Bauhaus lights

In 1923, Pap designed a samovar made of alpaca and glass for the Bauhaus exhibition of 1923 in the model house Am Horn , but it was never made. He is granted a share in the “collective” (Heyden) development process of the Bauhaus lamp, which was executed in glass by Carl Jakob Jucker and then in metal by Wilhelm Wagenfeld , as he first experimented with glass tubes. He himself would like to see his share in Jucker’s first realization of the table lamp with a glass base and glass tube given a larger estimate; for Hubertus Gaßner it is undeniable that he deserves the role of initiator for the floor lamp that is widespread today.

In the model house, Pap set up a floor lamp that carries a bare, mirrored light bulb on a nickel-plated steel tube. Below the socket he placed a circular pane of glass to diffuse the light. The floor lamp was illustrated in 1925 in the Bauhaus book no. 7 “New work in the Bauhaus workshops”.

The floor lamp was rediscovered after the turn of the millennium and copied and marketed as the Pap floor lamp .

Writings / exhibitions (selection)

  • Zeit des Suchens und Experimentierens , in: Form und Zweck , No. 4, Berlin 1976, pp. 56–57.
  • On the development of the Jucker Wagenfeld table lamp , in: bauhaus 3 , catalog 9 of the Galerie am Sachsenplatz, Leipzig 1978, p. 15f.
  • Gyula Pap: Bauhaus student, artist, educator . Exhibition Frankfurt / Main, Holzhausenschlösschen 1999
  • Klaus Weber, Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar (Ed.): The Metal Workshop at the Bauhaus: Exhibition in the Bauhaus Archive, Museum of Design, Berlin, February 9 - April 20, 1992 . Berlin: Kupfergraben-Verl.-Ges., 2005³. 18 Photographs of Pap's objects, pp. 230–239

literature

  • Ernő Kállai : The new chiaroscuro. On the pictures by Jules Pap , in: Forum , vol. 4, no. 1, Bratislava, 1934, pp. 14–15.
  • Lenke Haulisch: The painter Gyula Pap , in: Hubertus Gaßner : Interactions: Hungarian avant-garde in the Weimar Republic ; [Neue Galerie, Kassel, November 9, 1986 - January 1, 1987; Museum Bochum, January 10, 1987 - February 15, 1987]. Jonas-Verl., Marburg 1986, pp. 284-291.
  • Hubertus Gaßner : Sitting between the chairs, turning in a circle. Marcel Breuer and Gyula Pap as Bauhaus designers , in: Hubertus Gaßner: Interactions: Hungarian avant-garde in the Weimar Republic ; [Neue Galerie, Kassel, November 9, 1986 - January 1, 1987; Museum Bochum, January 10, 1987 - February 15, 1987]. Jonas-Verl., Marburg 1986, pp. 312-338.
  • Eckhard Neumann (ed.): Bauhaus and Bauhäusler: Memories and Confessions . Extended new edition 1985, DuMont, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-7701-1673-9 , pp. 312-320.
  • Beate Manske: Two lamps are never the same. Wilhelm Wagenfeld in the metal workshop of the Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar , in: Klaus Weber, Staatliches Bauhaus Weimar (Ed.): Die Metallwerkstatt am Bauhaus: Exhibition in the Bauhaus Archive, Museum of Design, Berlin, February 9 - April 20, 1992 . Berlin: Kupfergraben-Verl.-Ges., 2005³, pp. 79–91
  • Thomas Heyden: The Bauhaus lamp. To the career of a classic . Reimer, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-496-01087-8 .
  • Rolf Bothe [Ed.]: The early Bauhaus and Johannes Itten , exhibition 1994–1995, State Art Collections Weimar Hatje, Ostfildern-Ruit, Weimar a. a. 1994, ISBN 3-7757-0505-8 .
  • Magdalena Droste: The Bauhaus lamp by Carl Jacob Jucker and Wilhelm Wagenfeld. Gabler, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 3-7643-6831-4 .
  • Josef Straßer: 50 Bauhaus icons that you should know . Prestel, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-7913-4197-2 , pp. 54/55.

Web links

Commons : Gyula Pap  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rolf Bothe: Das Früh Bauhaus and Johannes Itten , 1994, p. 489.
  2. ↑ a b Thomas Heyden: The Bauhaus lamp , 1992, p. 70.
  3. ↑ Hubertus Gaßner: Interactions: Hungarian avant-garde in the Weimar Republic , 1986, p. 314.
  4. ↑ Thomas Heyden: The Bauhaus lamp , 1992, p. 9.
  5. ^ Hajo Düchting (Ed.): SEEMANNS Bauhaus-Lexikon . Henschel, Leipzig 2009, p. 248.
  6. ↑ Thomas Heyden: The Bauhaus lamp , 1992, pp. 14-20.
  7. ↑ Magdalena Droste: The Bauhaus lamp by Carl Jacob Jucker and Wilhelm Wagenfeld . Gabler, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 3-7643-6831-4 , p. 24.
  8. ↑ Magdalena Droste: The Bauhaus lamp by Carl Jacob Jucker and Wilhelm Wagenfeld . Gabler, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 3-7643-6831-4 , p. 14.
  9. ↑ Hubertus Gaßner: Interactions: Hungarian avant-garde in the Weimar Republic , 1986, p. 321.
  10. ↑ Bernd Dicke: Highlights. Bauhaus lights between light space and ambient light , in: Ulrike Gärtner (Ed.): Art Light Games: Light aesthetics of the classic avant-garde . Kerber, Bielefeld 2009, p. 122.
  11. ↑ Gyula Pap floor lamp , at tecnolumen
personal data
SURNAME Pap, Gyula
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pap Gyula (Hungarian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian painter, lithographer, silversmith, designer, university professor and Bauhaus student
DATE OF BIRTH November 10, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Orosháza
DATE OF DEATH September 24, 1983
Place of death Budapest