Hornlings

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Hornlings
Sticky hornling (Calocera viscosa)

Sticky hornling ( Calocera viscosa )

Systematics
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Dacrymycetes
Order : Gelatinous teardrop (Dacrymycetales)
Family : Gelatinous Tear Relatives (Dacrymycetaceae)
Genre : Hornlings
Scientific name
Calocera
( Fr. ) Fr.

The hornlings ( Calocera ) are a genus of mushrooms from the family of gelatinous tears . They include types with gelatinous, predominantly yellow to bright orange colored, horn-shaped fruit bodies . They colonize dead wood and produce different types of rot , depending on the substrate .

The type species is the sticky hornling ( Calocera viscosa ).

features

Macroscopic features

The tough, gelatinous fruit bodies have strong roots and often have a sticky surface. They are predominantly colored yellow to orange by carotenoids .

Microscopic features

The structures are largely covered by the spore-forming fruit layer. The 3-layered meat consists of a central core of compact hyphae , which is surrounded by a loose hyphae layer and finally covered by the compact fruit layer. The hyphae of European species do not have buckles . There are also no cystids in the hymenium. The smooth-walled spores show 1–3 transverse walls at maturity  and show no color reaction ( inamyloid ) when they come into contact with iodine solution .

ecology

Hornlings live saprobion table on hardwood and softwood. They are often classified as brown rot fungi in the literature . Keith Seifert, who investigated wood degradation by Dacrymycetales species, gives several types of rot for hornlings , sometimes even for one and the same species depending on the wood species populated.

species

There are around 15 species worldwide. 5 species occur in Europe or are to be expected there:

Hornlings ( Calocera ) in Europe
German name Scientific name Author quote
Awl-shaped hardwood horn Calocera cornea (Batsch 1783: Fries 1821) Fries 1827
Forked softwood horn Calocera furcata (Frieze 1821: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1827
Tongue-shaped hornling Calocera glossoides (Persoon 1797: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1827
Pale hornling Calocera pallidospathulata DA Reid 1974
Sticky hornling Calocera viscosa (Persoon 1794: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1827

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Keith Anthony Seifert: Decay of Wood by the Dacrymycetales . University of British Columbia, 1983 ( PDF online ).
  2. ^ Christian Hendrik Persoon: New attempt at a systematic division of the sponge . In: New magazine for botany, Römer . tape 1 , 1794, pp. 63-80 .
  3. ↑ a b Walter Jülich: The non-leaf mushrooms, gelatinous mushrooms and belly mushrooms . In: Small cryptogam flora . Volume IIb / 1. Basidiomycetes, part 1. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart / New York 1984, ISBN 3-437-20282-0 (Aphyllophorales, Heterobasidiomycetes, Gastromycetes).
  4. ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 (Aphyllophorales, Heterobasidiomycetes, Gastromycetes).
  5. ^ Ross FR McNabb: Taxonomic studies in the Dacrymycetaceae II. Calocera (Fries) Fries . In: New Zealand Journal of Botany . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1965, p. 31-58 , doi : 10.1080 / 0028825X.1965.10428712 .
  6. ^ Paul M. Kirk, Paul F. Cannon, David W. Minter, JA Stalpers: Dictionary of the Fungi . 10th edition. CABI Europe, Wallingford, Oxfordshire (UK) 2008, ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8 .
  7. ↑ The genus Calocera. In: Fungiworld.com. April 11, 2008, accessed November 7, 2011 (Mushroom Taxa Database).

Web links

Commons : Hörnlinge ( Calocera )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files