Marijan Zadnikar

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Marijan Zadnikar (born December 27, 1921 in Novo mesto ; † October 4, 2005 in Ljubljana ) was a Slovenian art historian , curator and writer .

Live and act

Marijan Zadnikar was born in the small town of Novo mesto / Rudolfswerth, which at the time had around 3500 inhabitants, in the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . Soon after he was born, he came to Ljubljana / Laibach, where his parents belonged to the long-established citizenry . In Ljubljana Zadnikar attended the elementary school and then the school in the Vegova 4. In the fall of 1940 he put the Abitur , and then began at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana with the study of art history .

In April 1941 the war broke out over Yugoslavia . On April 11th, Ljubljana was occupied by the Italians and in September 1943 by the Germans . The chaos of war had an extreme influence on Zadnikar's studies, and he was held for a long time as a "member of the intelligentsia " in an Italian internment camp. As a simple postal worker , he experienced the end of the war in May 1945 and in the post-war period he succeeded in supplementing his income as an opera singer and radio presenter .

In 1947, at the instigation of his university professor and patron , Prof. Dr. France Stelé, an assistant curator at the Slovenian Monument Protection Agency in Ljubljana. Zadikar's first major assignment was the inventory of the art monuments in the area of ​​the Gottscheerland (Kočevska), which was depopulated by resettlement and devastated by war , which was also carried out at Stelé's suggestion. As a project manager, Zadnikar traveled with two colleagues, the teacher Janko Trošt and the architect Jože Kregar, to the Gottscheerland under difficult conditions in 1947 and documented the condition of many churches and art monuments at that time, mainly in the area around the town of Gottschee and in the western part of the country. Zadnikar published a summary of this inventory as a book in 1968.

In 1949 graduated Zadnikar his university studies , and six years later acquired at the Faculty of Arts in Ljubljana with a thesis from art history to doctoral degrees . This was followed by study and research stays at various universities in Germany , France and the USA as well as numerous lecture tours in Europe .

As a scientist , Zadnikar was particularly drawn to the Romanesque architecture of his Slovenian homeland. The Cistercian Abbey Stična / Parakeet in Dolenjska / Lower Carniola and the Charterhouse Žiče / Seiz in Štajerska / Lower Styria were particularly fond of him, but also such small village churches as the Nikolauskapelle in Selo / Totlak in Prekmurje / Übermurgebiet or the Johanneskirche in Spodnja Muta / Untermurje Drautal could inspire him.

After 35 years of service at the Monument Protection Office, Zadnikar retired from work in 1982 and now devoted himself entirely to science. Looking back, he writes about his working life:

“For four decades I wandered through the Slovenian places of worship as an art historian and monument conservator, trying to fathom at least part of what they have been keeping as a secret for centuries. […] These hikes through the Slovenian landscape and its places of worship are among the most beautiful insights and experiences in my life and therefore also among my most beautiful memories. If someone were to ask me why I did not do something sensible or at least more profitable with my life, I would not be able to answer him properly; but he wouldn't understand me either way. "

Even in his retirement, Zadnikar often went on trips and gave lectures on Romanesque religious architecture in Slovenia, including in Stockholm , Uppsala and Lund , but also in Budapest , Warsaw , Munich and Graz . In 1997 he was appointed a member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SAZU). In autumn 2005 Marijan Zadnikar died at the age of 83 in Ljubljana.

Fonts (selection)

  • Varstvo spomenikov I . (Monument Preservation I). Ljubljana, 1948
  • Romanski vzhodni zvoniki na Slovenskem . In: Zbornik za umetnostno zgodovino, Nova vrsta III . Ljubljana, 1955
  • Romanska arhitektura na Slovenskem . (Romanesque architecture in Slovenia). Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana, 1959
  • Umetnostni spomeniki v Pomurju . (The art monuments in the Mur region). Murska Sobota, 1960
  • Hrastovlje. Tiskarna Ljudska Pravica. Ljubljana 1961.
  • Znamesja na Slovenskem . (Shrines in Slovenia). Ljubljana, 1964, 1970
  • Gradivo za umetnostno topografijo Kočevske , (Materials for Gottschee's Art Topography). Zavod za spomeniško varstvo Slovenije. Ljubljana, 1968
  • Umetnost XVII. stoletja na Slovenskem I . (The art of the 17th century in Slovenia I.). Ljubljana, 1968
  • Samostan Stična, Zbirka spomeniških vodnikov 18 . (The culture and natural monuments of Slovenia, guide collection). Ljubljana, 1969, 1971, 1977, 1981
  • Romanska umetnost . In: Ars Sloveniae . (The Romanesque Art). Ljubljana, 1970
  • Srednjeveška arhitektura kartuzijanov in slovenske kartuzije . (The medieval architecture of the Carthusians and the Slovenian Carthusians). Ljubljana, 1972
  • Žička kartuzija. Kulturni in naravni spomeniki Slovenije 34 . (The Seiz Charterhouse. The Culture and Natural Monuments of Slovenia, Guide Collection). Ljubljana, 1973
  • Hrastovlje. Kulturni in naravni spomeniki Slovenije 39 . (The culture and natural monuments of Slovenia, guide collection). Ljubljana, 1973
  • Spomeniki cerkvene arhitekture in umetnosti 1 and 2 . (The monuments of sacred architecture and art). Celje, 1973, 1975
  • Domanjševci. (together with Ivan Zelko ), Pomurska založba, Murska Sobota, 1974
  • Pleterje. Kulturni in naravni spomeniki Slovenije 59 . (The culture and natural monuments of Slovenia, guide collection). Ljubljana, 1976
  • Stična in zgodnja arhitektura cistercijanov . (Parakeet and the early architecture of the Cistercians). Ljubljana, 1977
  • Med umetnostnimi spomeniki na slovenskem Koroškem, Obiski starih cerkva pa še kaj mimogrede . (With the art monuments of the Slovenian Carinthia, Visiting old churches and many other things in passing) Celje, 1979
  • Romanika v Sloveniji . (Romanesque in Slovenia). Ljubljana, 1982
  • The Carthusians, order of the silent monks . Cologne, 1983
  • Po starih koroških cerkvah . (A foray through old Carinthian churches) Klagenfurt, 1984
  • Hrastovlje, Romanska arhitektura in gotske freske . Družina, Ljubljana, 1988
  • Krizni hodnik pripoveduje . (The cloister [by parakeet] told). Drzavna zalozba Slovenije, Ljubljana, 1988
  • Rotunda sv. Janeza Krstnika na Spodnja Muta . (The rotunda of St. John the Baptist in sub-masts). Ljubljana, 1990

literature

  • France M. Dolinar, among others: Sakralna dediščina na Kočevskem, The sacred heritage in Gottscheerland . Pokrajinski muzej Kočevje, Kočevje, 2006, ISBN 961-6517-05-8
  • Jože Anderlič, Marijan Zadnikar: Art in Slovenia, architecture, painting and sculpture in the sacred area . Herold Verlag, Vienna-Munich, 1985, ISBN 3-7008-0293-5

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ Vega Straße , former Ljubljana secondary school
  2. ↑ Zavodu za zašcito in znanstveno proucavanje kulturnih spomenikov in prirodnih znamenitosti LRS. (Institute for the Protection and Scientific Research of Cultural Monuments and Natural Sights of the People's Republic of Slovenia)
  3. ↑ Mitja Ferenc : The fate of sacred buildings in Gottscheerland . In: France M. Dolinar, Sakralna dediščina… page 72f. and note 7
  4. ↑ Anderlič / Zadnikar, Art in Slovenia, page 22
personal data
SURNAME Zadnikar, Marijan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Slovenian art historian, curator and writer
DATE OF BIRTH December 27, 1921
PLACE OF BIRTH Novo mesto Kingdom of Yugoslavia
DATE OF DEATH October 4, 2005
Place of death Ljubljana Slovenia