Monastery parakeet

Cistercian parakeet
Abbey basilica parakeet
location	Slovenia
Lies in the diocese	Archdiocese of Ljubljana
Coordinates:	45 ° 57 '23.2 "  N , 14 ° 48' 16"  E Coordinates: 45 ° 57 '23.2 "  N , 14 ° 48' 16"  E
founding year	1136
Year of dissolution / annulment	1784
Year of repopulation	1889
Mother monastery	Rein pen
Primary Abbey	Morimond Monastery
Congregation	Mehrerauer Congregation

The Cistercian Parakeet Abbey (Latin Abbatia BMV de Sittico ; Slovene Cistercijanski samostan Stična ) is the oldest monastery in what is now Slovenia . The founder of the monastery was Peregrin († 1161), Patriarch of Aquileia (also Aglar or Aglaj, Slov. Oglej ), who in 1136 issued the deed of foundation. For several centuries, Sittich Monastery was one of the most important religious, economic and cultural centers in the former Carniola with corresponding lasting effects up to the present day.

The abbey , which is still populated by Cistercians today, belongs to the Mehrerau congregation . The monastery church Bazilika Žalostne Matere Božje received in 1936 by Pope Pius XI. the title of a minor basilica .

Geographical location

The monastery is located about 30 km east of the capital Ljubljana and south of the Sava, in the area that Pippin and Charlemagne had assigned to the Patriarchate of Aquileia to carry out the mission. At the time of the construction of the monastery the area was still called Windische Mark ( Slovenska krajina ). Valvasor , the famous Carniolan polyhistor , reports on the location of the monastery that it belongs to Lower Carniola and on a plain below a high mountain and four miles away from Laibach (Ljubljana) and Rudolfswert ( Novo mesto ), as well as near the City of Vistula Castle ( Višnja Gora ), lying.

history

Secular and ecclesiastical responsibilities 1002–1335

At the time when the Parakeet Monastery was founded, the ruling Patriarch of Aquileia was also Margrave of Carniola. He was thus the secular and ecclesiastical head of the monastery. The reasons for this constellation were as follows: After the Franks had conquered the areas populated by Slovenes - mainly today's Slovenia and Carinthia - known under the name of Carantania at the time - the question of Christianization arose ; the Slovenes were then still pagans .

Pippin the Younger (714–768) already divided the area to be proselytized between the diocese of Salzburg and the Patriarchate of Aquileia . As a border, he determined the entire course of the river Drau (Slov. Drava) there. The northern part was placed under the jurisdiction of Salzburg, and the area south of the Drava to the Adriatic came under the jurisdiction of Aquileia.

Due to disputes over competencies between Salzburg and Aquileia, which referred to its jurisdiction, which once extended to the Danube, Emperor Karl finally set the limit determined by his father on May 14, 811 in Aachen (Slov. Archaic: Cahe) by means of a decree . Aquileia remained responsible for ecclesiastical questions in this area until its dissolution in 1751. This was followed by the diocese of Gorizia and then the diocese of Laibach , founded in 1463, and since 1961 archbishopric.

Predecessors of the Patriarchs as Margraves of Carniola were the Counts of Sempt-Ebersberg (1002-1042) and Ulrich von Weimar-Orlamünde (1058-1070). After the death of Ulrich von Weimar-Orlamünde, Krain came under the direct power of the German king. At the time of the investiture controversy, King Heinrich IV (* 1050, † 1106) was looking for devoted followers and found one in the person of the Patriarch of Aquileia, Count Sieghard von Peilstein , and made him Margrave of Carniola in 1077. Sieghard died that same year. Thereupon the king appointed the brother Luitolds von Eppenstein , Duke of Carinthia, Heinrich - both loyal supporters of the crown - as margrave. After Luitold's death in 1090, he was succeeded by his brother Heinrich as Duke of Carinthia. Ulrich, another brother of the two, became Patriarch of Aquileia in 1086 and Margrave of Carniola in 1093. So Carniola stayed with the Church of Aquileia.

The Patriarchs of Aquileia nominally remained Margraves of Carniola up to the year 1268. However, they did not carry out the government business themselves, but instead appointed the Counts of Andechs-Meran (1093–1251) and then the Spanheimers (1251 -1269). In 1269 the King of Bohemia, Przemysl Ottokar II , seized Carniola and kept it until his death in the Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen on August 26, 1278, from which Rudolf von Habsburg , the new German king, emerged victorious.

In 1279 Rudolf pledged the Windische Mark and Krain to his loyal ally, Count Meinhard von Görz-Tirol , and appointed him as governor. Count Meinhard also exercised the actual violence there. However, in 1282, with the consent of the electors, Rudolf made his two sons, Albrecht and Rudolf, Margraves of Carniola . But it was not until 1335, after the last son of Meinhard von Görz, Heinrich , had died without leaving any male heirs, that Krain finally came to the House of Habsburg.

Deed of foundation 1136

The original of the deed of foundation, then called "Stüfft Brüff", which was issued in Aquileja in 1136, has not been preserved. There are only copies from the 17th and 18th centuries. However, such a document is also no proof that the monastery was founded in the year it was issued. For the foundation of the monastery and the beginning of the regular religious life associated with it, only the rules of the order, which are set out in the Instituta and the Charter Caritatis, were decisive . The date of issue of the deed of foundation should be seen in connection with the arrival of the first abbot Vincent in Parakeet, who had only arrived there in 1136.

During the term of office of the abbot Gallenfels (1688-1719) the deed of foundation was kept along with other archival material in the prelature next to the abbot's chamber (".. in the vault outside of this Cammer so anietzo the archive is called"). Abbot Gallenfels himself made a copy and sent it to Father Steyrer in Vienna on June 15, 1716.

Beginnings - 1132

Sundial and commemoration of the 850th anniversary - left: coat of arms of Abbot Vincent, right: coat of arms of Abbot Anton Nadrah

Patriarch Peregrin, who ruled from 1132 until his death in 1161, was (allegedly) a son of Heinrich von Spanheim , the then Duke of Carinthia. The patriarch knew that Christianity had not yet taken deep roots in his area of ​​office, which also included Krain. Therefore, he decided to build a monastery there and invited Cistercian monks to help him realize this project. The monastery should be a place of work, prayer and penance.

According to the rules of the order, the area on which the monastery was to be built was a lonely and inaccessible forest area, through which a stream with clear and fresh water meandered, which was later named Stiški potok (parakeet stream) or Stičnica got. At that time the area was owned by three brothers, Heinrich, Dietrich and Mainhalm von Pries or Pux or Puchs; they were side relatives of St. Hemma from Gurk . But since they resided on the nearby fortress Weichselberg (Višnja gora), they were also called the Lords of Weichselberg - and later Weichselberg (noble family) . They left the area chosen for the construction of the monastery to the patriarch and got land around St. Veit (Slov. Šentvid), a nearby village that at that time belonged to Aquileja, as a replacement.

The first monks who came to Carniola in 1132 to start work were said to have been sent by the Cistercian monastery in Rein , as can be read in the deed of foundation. According to other sources, however, the founding colony is said to have come from the Morimond monastery in France. With them came Michael, a young builder who was in charge of the building work. The newcomers initially settled in the nearby St. Vitus (Šentvid), the original parish with the church of St. Vitus (sv. Vid).

Construction of the monastery and the monastery church 1132–1156

Gate

The large monastery courtyard

The north tower - "Old Gate" from the inside - once the only access to the monastery

Refectory - late 17th century

The work had progressed so far within a few years that the monks were able to move into the monastery as early as 1135. In order to be able to begin regular religious life there, according to the rules of the order, 1. the monastery church, facing east, as the center of the entire complex, 2. the refectory (dining room), 3. the dormitory (dormitory), 4. the hospice (Guest and sick room for travelers, pilgrims ) and 5. the gate has been completed and the facility must be surrounded by a wall to separate it from the outside world. Only the stables were allowed to be built outside the monastery wall. Parts of the wall still run in the eastern and southern parts along the Stiški potok brook.

The regular work of the order began on July 7, 1135. The abbot Vincent, however, probably did not come to Parakeet until the middle of 1136, a circumstance that did not conform to the rules of the order. According to the rules of the order, at the beginning of the orderly monastery life, twelve monks - analogous to the number of twelve apostles - were present on site, the thirteenth should always be the abbot, who in this case had not yet arrived at the time.

Over the years - every abbot did something - the monastery developed into a stately complex. The monastery church was not finished until 1156 and was personally consecrated by Patriarch Peregrin. The main altar - the Altar of the Mother of God - was consecrated on July 8, 1156 and the consecration of the two side altars - that of the Archangel Michael and that of the Apostle Peter and all saints - followed on July 9, 1156. In 1181, the altars of the Holy Cross and John Evangelista were consecrated. In 1182 the altar of St. Nicholas and in 1191 the altar of St. Consecrated Benedict. The consecrations of the altars of St. George (1196), St. Stephan (1200) and the side altar of the Mother of God (1301). In 1335 there was also talk of the altar of St. Andrew and later also from the altar of St. Bastian.

Donors, certificates and records

As the founder of the monastery, Patriarch Peregrin had to ensure that the monks had a secure and regular income at their disposal from the outset for a reasonable standard of living. For this he probably also resorted to the assets of the Church of the Patriarchate. He not only made the building site available, but also donated five farms to the monastery, which were located on the Sitticher Bach, and the village of Weinhof (Bajnof) near the present-day town of Novo mesto in Lower Carniola. And in 1145 he gave the monastery five more hubs in Bodendorf an der Mur (a few kilometers west of Murau in Upper Styria ).

Following the example of the patriarch, other benefactors soon joined in with their donations, such as the Weichselberg lords, the Andechser and Spanheimers, the Counts of Gorizia and the Margraves of Istria , and later the Austrian Archdukes and Dukes of Carinthia and other noble families from Carniola and even from Styria.

In this way, parakeets acquired large estates within a few decades. These goods were mainly located in areas that stretched between Laibach in the west and Rudolfswert in the east and the Save in the north and the Gurk ( Krka ) river in the south. The Duke of Carinthia, Ulrich von Spanheim , granted the monastery low jurisdiction over the subjects belonging to the monastery on January 10, 1256, later high jurisdiction and even blood jurisdiction followed. Some powerful people also granted the monastery forest and hunting rights, as well as fishing rights in Lake Zirknitzer See. The Popes themselves and the Patriarchs also supported Parakeets by incorporating several well-endowed parishes into the monastery. In the 14th century, Pope Innocent III. the monastery the privilege of asylum.

It is a fact that Patriarch Peregrin was the founder of the monastery. But from time to time some of his successors questioned this. Not only Peregrin, but also the Church of Aquileja was the founder of the monastery. Patriarch Berthold said in a letter of October 19, 1341: "... the abbot of the Parakeet Monastery, which was founded and solemnly endowed by the Church of Aquileja and by our predecessors ..." There are several similar cases.

But others also saw themselves as the founders of the monastery. The abbot Urban Paradeiser wrote to the governor Johann von Auersperg auf Schönberg in a letter dated May 18, 1522, among other things, that he “considered himself to be among his predecessors as the founder of the monastery ...”
But Sophie von Weichselberg , also Margravine of Istria , describes herself, her husband and her parents as the founder of the monastery in a document from 1228. There it says: "Sophia, dei gratia Ystrie marchionissa Sitticensis cenobii fundatrix" (Sophie, by God's grace Margravine of Istria, founder of the Parakeet Monastery) - granted to the monastery for her own salvation, for that of her deceased husband, Margrave of Istria Heinrich and for the salvation of their parents, their brother, who were all buried in the monastery, as well as all their relatives - (omniumque parentum meorum) the forest and hunting rights. The Duchess Viridis , wife of Leopold III. , is named in a document dated October 23, 1397 as co-founder of the monastery. The legal question is in the room, founded (fundus - land) Patriarch Peregrin the monastery from his own resources or did he fall back on the property of the Church of Aquileja. In the latter case, the monastery would be exclusively an institution of the church. This question does not seem to have been fully resolved.

In his 1973 work - Gospodarska ustanova Stične ali njena dotacija (The Economic Founding of the Parakeet or Its Endowment) - Father Grebenc has listed all these donations with the benefactors and has also shown that the initial land holdings of the parakeets were much larger than historians have so far Have accepted. It is also thanks to his investigations that the overall development of parakeet property in the Middle Ages has been largely clarified.

In the first part: Registracija posestnih listin od 1136 to 1505 (registration of title deeds from 1136 to 1505) Grebenc lists 352 documents that say something about the benefactors, their donations and confirmations of property.

In the second part: Ozemeljsko stanje Stične v času urbarja in leta 1505 (status of the parakeet's property from the time of the land in 1505). The land register from 1505 is the oldest that has been preserved. It refers to land registers from 1445 and 1496, which are missing. Parakeets' land records from 1544, 1558, 1572, 1573, 1584, 1608, 1619 and 1624 are also kept in the Slovenian State Archives in Ljubljana. Furthermore, the Bodendorfer Urbar from 1619 and Urbare von Weinhof (Bajnof) from the years 1543 and 1643/49 are listed.

On the basis of the land register from 1505 (parakeet), 1619 (Bodendorf) and 1643/49 (Weinhof), Grebenc localized all the places occurring there, which were often spelled very differently in those times, and provided them with the current place names.

In the third part: Coordinacija listin z urbarialnem stanjem (coordination of the documents according to the records in the land registers) Grebenc deals with the development of monastic property, the additions and withdrawals, and lists eight documents in which the patriarchs in the period from 1145 until 1250 have confirmed the donations made to the monastery.

In Parakeet, land registers and other documents that were in daily use were kept in the administration building, which stood between the monastery church and the entrance gate. These parts suffered the most at the time of the Turkish sieges in 1471, 1475 and 1492.

Tombs

Most of the benefactors were anxious that they would be granted a place in the monastery or in the monastery church as their final resting place. In the Sitticher Nekrolog , about 230 such benefactors are listed for the period from 1140 to 1556. 31 of them were buried in the Sitticher church.

In Valvasor's contribution to the Parakeet Monastery, we also find references to the epitaphs there. We gather from Valvasor's report that many high-ranking people and nobility were buried in the monastery, such as Sophie , the Margravine of Istria, her parents and other ancestors. There was also Agnes , wife of Ulrich , Duke of Carinthia, buried. Also found there Viridis , a born Duchess of Milan and wife of Leopold III. , Duke of Austria, her final resting place. Some Counts of Auersperg and members of other sexes also rest here, although their tombstones are no longer there. They were removed in the course of further renovations with the permission of the then Roman-German King Maximilian I from 1497, as they were a hindrance. Only a few stones have survived, including that by Pankraz von Auersperg from the late 15th century. Valvasor also mentions the tombstone of Ludwig von Kosiack , which no longer exists today , with which this family became extinct.

Parakeet through the ages

Time of the Turkish invasions - 15th and 16th centuries

The second half of the 15th century was the time of the most massive Turkish invasions into what is now Slovenia. The Carinthian clergyman and chronicler in the 15th century, Jakob Unrest , reports, among other things, that Krain was half burned down and devastated in the period between 1469 and 1473. The Carniolan estates reported something similar, who in 1574 asked the Pope for help. The Sittich Monastery also felt the effects of Turkish violence at the time. Turkish units, coming from Bosnia, advanced through the places Mirna peč (Hönigstein), Trebnje (Treffen) and along the small river Temenica (Temenitz) to Parakeet. The Turks besieged the monastery several times. They even managed to take the monastery twice, in 1471 and 1528. The abbey was looted and then cremated. The monks were massacred or taken into slavery. It is not known how many were saved at that time. Valuable documents, manuscripts, incunabula , land records and works of art fell victim to the flames. The well-known Slovenian writer Josip Jurčič (1844–1881) describes the first occupation of the monastery with poetic freedom in his historical story Jurij Kozjak - slovenski janičar (Georg (von) Kossiak, the Slovenian Janissary) from 1860. In those years officiated the abbots Ulrich (1450–1481) and Johannes Glawitsch the Elder. J. (1523-1530).

After the battle of Mohács (August 29, 1526), ​​the then sovereign, Ferdinand I von Habsburg, made increasing demands on the church. In the same year he had all ecclesiastical valuables registered in order to turn them into money. This money was used to finance the defense against the Turks. The Carniolan estates appointed the abbot Glawitsch as commissioner, who was responsible for the confiscation of valuables that every church in Carniola had to hand over to the maintenance of the Carniolan troops against the Turks. At that time, Sittich Monastery had to hand over the following items: two gold-plated monstrances and a small one made of silver, six chalices and six godparents (paten), a large cross and three smaller gold-plated crosses, one gold-plated and five figures made of silver, two jugs, one made of silver gold-plated pectoral cross and two small gold-plated crosses with silver chains, a silver coat clasp, the abbot's staff, a gold-plated censer and three "Agnus dei" (an oval pendant with the image of a lamb).

Parakeet in Valvasor's time - 17th century

Johann Weichard Freiherr von Valvasor (1641–1693) mentioned the parakeet monastery several times in different places in his extensive work, The honor of the Hertzogthums Crain, which is known far beyond the borders of Slovenia . In the XI. Book - which the Slovenes also call the "Book of Castles (Knjiga gradov)", but is known in German-speaking specialist circles as "The Book of Castles" - Valvasor dedicates its own contribution to the monastery, including an illustration (e.g. DIN - A3 format). It is reported that Valvasor also used the archive there for his research.

His account of the monastery is not very exhaustive, however. He tells us something about the geographic location of the abbey. He also writes that the monastery was a large building built in the “old” way, surrounded by a wall and well secured with several towers. The monastery also has a beautiful grain silo with three vaults, each built on top of one another, which is unique for this area. But the silo was only completed in 1686. The church describes Valvasor as quite large and long and adorned with a small and large tower. An appealing herbarium has also been laid out in the monastery, but due to the monastery wall it remains hidden from the outside. After Valvasor, in front of the monastery, there was a beautiful and good plain with small hills, very nicely decorated with trees, where it is pleasant to hike, especially in summer when the heat is intense. The hay meadows are excellent there. And because of a large meadow called Mullau (Slov. Muljava), which provides the cattle with such excellent fodder, there was still the custom in Valvasor's time to put three small pieces of butter and three loaves of bread on the large altar on Good Friday as thanks to lay the monastery church. And on the Tuesday before Easter, which is commonly referred to as the Tuesday of Forgiveness, everyone who knocks on the monastery gate receives a Heller and two rolls, and this bread never goes moldy, as the saying goes.

Valvasor further reports that in the first three hundred years the piety and fear of God of the Christian souls were so great and powerful that there was hardly a respected family in Carniola who did not help the monastery with mild gifts and endowments. Valvasor also lists some benefactors who were also buried in the monastery, and that almost all gravestones and epitaphs are lost. Valvasor also writes that there are documents and manuscripts in abundance in this church, which make it possible to write your own treatise on the monastery. In his report on the monastery, however, Valvasor did not mention that the abbots had always dealt with rebellious subjects.

The first resistance of the Slovenian peasants to the authorities became apparent as early as 1335. This year they killed the landlord of Laas (Slož: Lož) in Innerkrain. Around the year 1350, the Sittich monastery tried to shift its tax burdens onto its subjects, i.e. the farmers. Against this they rose up and revolted. In order to restore order, the abbot used armed men who are said to have raged cruelly; they raped women and girls, took away the cattle and set fire to houses. Another uprising by the Sittich farmers followed in 1358.

The following abbots ruled in Parakeet during Valvasor's time: Ruprecht Eckart (1638–1644), Johannes Weinzierl (1644–1660), Maximilian Motoch (1661–1680), Ludwig Freiherr von Rahmschüssel (1680–1687) and Anton von Gallenfels (1688–1719 ).

Abbot Ruprecht (1638–1644) had, as his two predecessors Abbot Matthäus (1626–1628) and Abbot Johannes (1628–1638) had to experience, difficulties with the subjects who illegally held themselves harmless in the monastery property or against the increase in the Frondienstes, the taxes, protested against incorrect measurements, against the disregard of contract law and against the conditions in the dungeons. In 1628 they cut wood in the monastery forests on their own and had to be prevented from doing so by force of arms.

Abbot Johannes was also forced to protect the monastery forests with armed men in 1633. It is reported that at that time the monastery had to be protected from angry farmers by 250 Uskoks from Karlstadt ( Karlovac in Croatia) and 100 mounted men. This campaign is said to have cost the monastery 40,000 guilders. A commission, which was ordered to Parakeet by order of the Emperor in 1637, initially managed to calm the situation down. The quiet did not last long, however, because a plot against Abbot Ruprecht was discovered in good time the following year. The ringleader was called Jurij Zaveršek, who in 1640 sent letters of complaint to Ljubljana and Vienna. However, the allegations against the abbot proved to be baseless. During the interrogation in court in Weichselberg, Zaveršek confessed that the allegations against the abbot had "been made up" and that other farmers had encouraged him to write the complaints.

But even during the reign of Abbot Johannes Weinzierl (1644–1660) the unrest did not end. A letter from the year 1660, which the parakeet Father Bernhard had sent to Rein, shows that subjects of the monastery revolted again and demanded the “old rights” - “staro pravdo” in Ljubljana.

The parakeet monastery - east side - copper engraving by Johann Weichart Freiherrn von Valvasor from the second half of the 17th century

Valvasor's copperplate engraving from the Parakeet Monastery was probably the first illustration of it that was presented to a wider public. The monastery complex shown on the engraving is more imposing and grandiose than the appearance of today's monastery complex. The picture bears the heading " Parakeet Monastery ", underneath, in the much larger part of the picture, the monastery is shown. Above the heading, in the narrower upper part, which, however, extends over the entire length of the picture, Valvasor put a cartouche with a dedication in the middle , to the left of it the coat of arms of the Gallenfels - a point with two inwardly turned unicorns - and to the right of it that Coat of arms of the monastery - a bird - parakeet - sitting on a wall with three battlements. In the upper left corner Valvasor put a small picture of the monastery from the northern side and in the right corner the picture of the monastery from the western side.

The dedication reads: “To Mr. Antonis Gallenfels, prelate to parakeet, also born Wol Edl. Then also to the whole Löbl .: (common) convention, to special honors D. and i. Johann Weichart Valvasors, Freyherrn ”.

Repealed in 1784 and restarted in 1898

Cloister

Immense, irreparable cultural damage was caused to the Slovenian people when the Parakeet Monastery was dissolved by Emperor Joseph II in 1784 on the basis of the decree of January 12, 1782, along with numerous other monasteries . The cultural center in Lower Carniola had disappeared. Numerous precious books, incunabula, manuscripts, letters, irreplaceable documents and records as well as works of art were destroyed when the monastery was cleared or have been lost since then, although precise instructions have been drawn up for the recovery of the books and archives.

Just three weeks after the issuance of the decree, the commission charged with dissolving the monastery drove up to Sittich on October 25, 1784, headed by Johann Nepomuk von Buseth, the inner Austrian governor and the liquidator Schrey. Buseth read the evacuation decree to the assembled fathers. Then the inventory of the monastery inventory and assets began. After two months, on December 20th, the result was available. The monastery assets amounted to 304,650 guilders, the debts amounted to 65,665 guilders. The former monastery was called from now on "Religionsfonds Herrschaft Sittich" or "Kameral Herrschaft Sittich". The first administrator of the nationalized rule was Franz Xaver von Monderburg.

The monastery archive was taken over by the Agricultural Society in Ljubljana. And the two parakeet Fathers Jakob Učan and Georg Nowak were commissioned to make copies of documents and a directory, which was probably not completed due to lack of time.

The monastery library was also to be added to the Agricultural Society in Ljubljana, which also did not happen because the society was dissolved in 1788. Finally, the parakeet's rule was incorporated into the Diocese of Ljubljana , to which the monastery archive and library were also handed over.

When it was handed over on April 26, 1788, a long list was signed which had been compiled by Father Učan. In Parakeet, the books and documents were packed in 88 boxes, which were sent to the Ljubljana District Office. And from there, as prescribed, the containers were sent to the court library in Vienna, which was allowed to pick out copies from the inventory of books, documents and manuscripts at will. The most valuable pieces thus remained in Vienna. The rest went to the Laibacher Lyceumsbücherei (today's Laibacher Volks- und Universitätsbücherei, NUK). What has been preserved is a list of all books in the monastery library at that time; in 1774 there were parts consisting of 2,663 notebooks. Around 300 copies are now kept in the Ljubljana University Library.

On the occasion of the 800th anniversary of the existence of the Cistercians in 1898, the Mehrerau Monastery (Lake Constance) intended to found a new abbey for the order. Therefore, in 1893, Abbot Laurenz Wocher and Prior Gregor Müller set out to visit the abandoned monasteries Sittich and Landstraß (Slov. Kostanjevica) in Carniola . In consultation with the Rudolfswerter provost and his vicar , Josef Benković, the choice fell on the Sittich monastery as the oldest and most important monastery in this area. The preparations for the restitution lasted from 1893 to 1898.

The return of the Cistercians to Parakeet was controversial, the Slovenes were against it. Regular religious life began on October 4, 1898. The renewal of religious life and the monastery was entrusted to the prior Gerhard Maier , who came from a farming family in Württemberg. Six other friars came with him. The main difficulty with regard to pastoral work in a country predominantly populated by Slovenes was that none of them spoke the Slovenian language. The number of Sittich friars grew steadily, so that in 1903 the Pope also formally confirmed parakeets as abbey and Prior Gerhard as abbot. Over the years, however, there were disagreements between Abbot Gerhard and some confreres, so that Abbot Gerhard resigned on May 14, 1912.

Parakeet in the 20th century

The time of the two world wars and the accompanying circumstances had not been beneficial for the monastery. In 1913, Abbot Gerhard Maier was followed by Bernhard Widmann , a native of Bavaria. During the First World War , around 400 Austrian soldiers were quartered in the monastery. From the beginning of 1916 until 1917, almost all church bells in the monastery itself and in the associated parishes were confiscated, which were then cast into cannon barrels. In May 1915 the war between Austria and Italy began. In the Catholic seminary of Gorizia (Italian: Gorizia , Slov. Gorica), a city that at that time belonged to Austria and was now claimed and occupied by Italy, there were not only theology students from Gorizia itself but also theologians from the Trieste, the Porečer ( ital .: Parenzo) and the Gurk diocese. The seminar was dissolved and the seminarians - around 85 people in total - were accommodated in the Sittich monastery with the consent of the military administration, where they stayed until the end of the war.

At that time, the theology professor Dr. Josip Srebrnič (1876–1966), a writer in the pastoral and historical fields, took refuge in the monastery. Out of gratitude, he published a little book called Črtice o cistercijanskem samostanu v Stični (A short treatise on the Cistercian monastery in Parakeet). Srebrnič briefly describes the history of the monastery, the monastery and church buildings as well as the cultural work and the importance of the parakeet monks. He writes in more detail about the dissolution and restitution of the monastery and about the events in the monastery during the First World War and about the life of the monks. Srebrnič died as Bishop of Krk in Croatia.

With the end of the war in October 1918, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy collapsed and in the same year the independent state of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs - called Država SHS (Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba) - was founded. Abbot Bernhard, who succeeded in restoring orderly conditions in the monastery, fell seriously ill in 1920 and, influenced by the friars of German origin, preferred to leave the monastery and move to Bronnbach .

After the departure of Abbot Bernhard, the monastery was taken over by Prior Dr. Auguštin Kostelec , a Slovenian from the White Mark . In 1924 he was elected abbot. Under his leadership, the monastery revived again, both personally and economically. After their exile in Bronnbach, the parakeet monks lived in Seligenporten from 1931 to 1967 .

During the Second World War the monastery was occupied by the Italian military. The monastery also welcomed clergymen who were expelled by the Germans from the Maribor ( Maribor ) and the Ljubljana diocese.

In 1945 the Stams monastery was repopulated by Cistercian monks from Sittich.

The end of the war in 1945 presented the monastery with new difficult challenges. On November 29, 1945, the Democratic Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was founded, which in 1963 was named Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). A communist system was imposed on the country.

The new communist rulers expropriated the monastery on the basis of the newly created Law on Agrarian Reform and Colonization (Zakon o agrarni reformi in kolonizaciji). In addition, a number of other similar laws and orders were passed in a short time. So-called district commissions for agrarian reform (Okrajna komisija za agrarno reformo) were formed to carry out the expropriation. Not only were huge monastic agricultural areas and forests nationalized. Facilities for meat and dairy production, sawmills, mills and workshops, dairies, pig breeding and fish ponds of the monastery were placed under state administration. Equipment for cultivating fields and tending forests and machines were taken away. Depending on the needs, representatives of the new administration appeared and submitted an informal letter stating which device was to be returned where and when. The closing formula before the signature of the ordering party was always: “Smrt fašizmu, svoboda narodu” (Death to fascism, freedom for the people), and under it a round stamp of the district commission for agrarian reform was placed. If a machine failed, it was brought back as there were no skilled personnel or spare parts to make the necessary repairs.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the communist regimes associated with it in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, Slovenia also became a sovereign state with a democratic constitution in 1991, when it finally broke away from Yugoslavia in the 10-day war .

On its way to the European Union, Slovenia passed the Law on Denationalization - Zakon o denacionalizaciji - on November 20, 1991, as reparation for the material damage inflicted during the communist regime. The law - with corresponding restrictions, in particular with regard to former nationality or options made - states that all expropriated goods that can be returned in kind must also be returned in kind to the former owners. Everything else is to be compensated in another form or in the form of bonds (debentures). This law also applies to the Parakeet Monastery, to which the formerly expropriated lands are to be returned. Due to the complexity of the matter, however, much has not yet been clarified or resolved.

Abbots

1. Abbot Vincent (1136–1150, 1163–1167 / 1168) Little is known about him; it is assumed that he came from France. Tradition reports that Vincent was told by St. Bernard himself was ordered from Morimond to Parakeet in 1136 . Vincent was re-elected abbot after the death of his successor Folknand and ruled until his death on December 23, 1167 or 1168.

2. Abbot Folknand (1150–1163) Because of his close ties to the Church in Germany, it is assumed that Folknand was of German origin. It is said that Abbot Folknand was highly educated and a great promoter of the sciences and the arts. He was also the founder of the theological studies there and the well-known scriptorium . Folknand succeeded in winning a calligrapher by the name of Nicholas for the monastery . The result was the most extensive collection of Latin manuscripts with colored and magnificently decorated initial letters in Carniola. It is said of Nikolai that the abbot, already lying on his death bed, gave him the order to complete the great work of St. Copy Augustine De civitate Dei . Nikolaus has in an initial letter of a Sittich manuscript, which is in the Austrian National Library under the number 650, f. 62 is kept, the Abbot Folknand is also shown. Abbot Folknand died before 1163.

3. Abbot Aldeprand (1167 / 68–1180) The abbot reports in a document that the builder Michael, who built the monastery and church at the time of his predecessors, had a property in Zgornja Draga (a place that still exists today ), near the monastery. Abbot Aldeprand died on December 8, 1180.

4. Abbot Berthold / Pero (1180–1226) It is believed that he comes from the Sanntal (Savinjska dolina). He had several altars built and appears in several documents. He achieved that Duke Ulrich II of Carinthia took the monastery into his personal care and gave the monastery its own jurisdiction, with the exception of the "ius sanguinis" (death penalty). Due to the increase in staff, the abbot had the intention of founding a branch, a project that was not to come about.

5. Abbot Anonymous (1226–1227) Since he was wrongly elected in March 1226, the visitor did not want to confirm him. After a year he gave up.

6. Abbot Konrad (1227–1252) A number of documents have been preserved from his time, in which the possessions of the monastery are listed or which report on honorary obligations that were entrusted to him. Abbot Konrad compared himself to Count Wilhelm von Heunburg because of a dispute over the Slevice estate near Großlassitsch (Velike Lašče). He was considered a respected ecclesiastical dignitary and a good Walter of the monastery. Abbot Konrad died on January 19, 1252.

7. Abbot Johannes Gall (1252–1261) He, too, was considered to be someone who could do business well. At that time the monastery received numerous other donations. Reinboto von Hertenberg from Kravjek gave the monastery two hubs and two vineyards in Oseljica (Osliza) near Kravjek (Weineck near Sittich) on July 1, 1254. In return, the monastery assured him that he would be buried there. And Duke Ulrich appointed the Governor of Carniola, Rudelin von Pierbaum, to be the patron of the monastery. Abbot John ruled until his death on June 13, 1261.

8. Abbot Theoderich / Teoderik (1261–1266) He also increased the monastery property. On March 12, 1261, Duke Ulrich gave the monastery a hospice below the Loibl (Ljubelj) to accommodate poor people and pilgrims. He also granted the monastery forest and hunting rights in 1266. Abbot Theodoric died on July 13, 1266.

9. Abbot Konrad (1266–1279) Konrad had some bitter experiences. Since he stood up against Count Albrecht in the dispute over the Görz inheritance , the latter had him tied to a horse's tail and spent almost naked and barefoot in Gorizia (Gorica) in the dungeon. He returned from captivity, but the timing is unknown. In any case, in 1274 we will find him again in Parakeet. In that year Patriarch Raimund incorporated the parish Sachsenfeld (Žalec) into the monastery. In 1277, Count Meinhard von Görz-Tirol confirmed the jurisdiction, hunting and forestry rights to the monastery and ordered the Landstraß (Kostanjevica) monastery to pay parakeets 10 silver marks a year. In addition, Count Meinhard took the monastery into his personal care. Abbot Conrad ruled until his death on August 13, 1279.

10. Abbot Heinrich / Henrik (1280–1302) By buying and exchanging properties, Abbot Heinrich rounded off and increased the monastic property. The monastery was partially exempted from customs duties in 1289 by Johann Remigius, the commander of Susedgrad in Croatia, and in 1300 by Hugo von Duino (Tywein, Tybein) in Istria. At that time the name Bieli appears for the first time in one of the documents , he was the secular administrator and legal representative of the Sittich friars in secular affairs. Abbot Heinrich died on December 6, 1302 in the Viktring monastery .

11. Abbot Rudolph (1303–1314) Life during the reign of Abbot Rudolph was quiet in Parakeet. He was considered a respected dignitary with negotiating skills. Abbot Rudolph died on December 2, 1314.

12. Abbot Friedrich von Limpach (? –1322) There is hardly any news about Abbot Friedrich. The date of his election as abbot is not even known. During his reign, on December 29, 1320, the monastery purchased a house in Laibach. Abbot Friedrich died on November 26, 1322.

13. Abbot Niklas von Hopfenbach / Nikolaj Hmeljniški (? –1326, 1342–1348) Abbot Niklas comes from the family of the Lords of Hopfenbach, whose family seat of the same name was near today's Novo mesto . The beginning of his reign is not known. He resigned from office at the end of 1326, but was re-elected after the death of Abbot Johannes in 1341 and ran the monastery until his death on August 2, 1348.

14. Abbot Eberhard von Montpreis / Eberhard Planinski (1327–1331) Abbot Eberhard von Montpreis (also Montparis) came from a once powerful noble family. The ancestral seat was the castle of the same name - Planina in Slovenian - near Sevnica (Lichtenwald) in Lower Styria in today's Slovenia. With Abbot Eberhard - it is reported - a dark epoch began for Parakeet, which lasted almost until the end of the 14th century. This was also the time of the "Babylonian captivity of the Church" or the " Avignonesian Papacy " (1309–1376), and the Habsburgs waged war against the Patriarch of Aquileia. The abbots changed quickly and there is little news of them.
Abbot Eberhard succeeded in increasing the monastic property. His two brothers, Heinrich and Ulrich, made good the damage their ancestors had done to the monastery a hundred years ago - in 1330 they gave the monastery a hat in Bršljin near Rudolfswert / Novo mesto. It is also reported that he was allowed to wear the miter. On September 18, 1331 he gave up. The exact date of his death could not be determined precisely based on patchy news. Abbot Eberhard died on April 23 after 1337.

15. Abbot Stephanus / Štefan (? –1333) There is hardly any news about him, a single purchase contract from 1332 has been preserved. In 1333 he resigned from office. He died on August 16 after 1337.

16. Abbot Otto / Oton (? –1336) Only a few purchase contracts from his time have survived. In 1335 Patriarch Bertrand (1344-1350) gave the Sittich friars the authority to make confessions from lay people , to provide them with the sacraments of death and to be able to bury and preach them in church cemeteries . Abbot Otto died on September 2, 1336.

17. Abbot Johannes / Janez (1336-1341) Abbot Johannes was consecrated in Sittich on October 30, 1336 by Patriarch Bertram and introduced into office. However, he is reported to have accumulated debts for the monastery and led an unrestrained life. The patriarch, who called a synod in view of the generally increasing decline of religious life in the monasteries, instructed the abbot von Rein to get an idea of ​​the conditions in Parakeet himself and to restore order. Abbot Johannes resigned from office in 1341, whether voluntarily is not known. He died on an April 16th. He was succeeded in 1341 by Niklas von Hopfenbach, who himself had given up at the end of 1326.

18. Abbot Peter (1349-1360) Abbot Peter was elected abbot in 1349. In 1357 the Patriarch Nicholas appointed Abbot Peter as his court chaplain, and in 1360 Duke Rudolf also made him his court chaplain. Abbot Peter was even entrusted with the education of Leopold , the Duke's brother, who was still underage. It was not until 1365 that Abbot Peter himself was able to resume government in the Sittich Monastery. In that year, in exchange for other land, he gave the Duke a village on the Krka (Gurk) river, which was then called Graez and where Rudolf later founded the town of Rudolfswert (Rudolphswerth), today's Novo mesto. Abbot Peter resigned as abbot in the second half of 1367 and died on September 14 after 1367.

19. Abbot Arnold (1360–1370) Only a few gift and purchase agreements have survived from his time. And Duke Albrecht granted the monastery fishing rights at that time. Abbot Arnold died on August 11, 1370.

20. Abbot Jacobus / Jakob (1370–1382) Little is known about Abbot Jacobus either. Duke Albrecht exempted the monastery from all tax duties for four years in 1374. In 1384 the monastery won a legal battle against the brothers Hermann, Leonhard and Walter von Ainödt (Slov. Soteska, Soteški). Abbot Jacobus resigned in 1382 and died on September 17th after 1406.

21. Abbot Andreas von Reutenberg / Andrej Čreteški (1382–1387) Abbot Andreas was elected abbot in 1382. He comes from the noble family of Reutenberg. The frequent resignations of abbots in those times were a sign that the religious discipline in the monastery slackened and that the economy of the monastery was also affected. The abbots, including Abbot Andreas, were generous with the monastery property. They sold or mortgaged land, houses, and tithe rights. Abbot Andreas was therefore called to the Patriarch to answer questions. Abbot Andreas replied that due to the bull of Pope Innocent III. , which was also used by Pope Urban VI. It was confirmed that Cistercians could not be held accountable by a bishop or anyone else for their property. In 1385 Duke Leopold confirmed all old rights to the monastery and exempted it from all tolls and duties.
Abbot Andreas resigned in 1387 and died on April 20th after 1406.

22. Abbot Albertus von Lindeck (1388–1405) Abbot Albert is referred to as a real abbot of the Renaissance period in the bad sense. He came from Lindeck Castle near Sternstein (Slov. Frankolovo) in Lower Styria. Abbot Albertus is said to have come to Parakeet from Landstraß (Slov. Kostanjevica) monastery . Right at the beginning of his reign he met with fierce resistance from his confreres because of his idiosyncratic business and behavior. He therefore came into conflict with the secular clergy. He wanted to get the economic misery of the monastery under control with the use of large sums of money. The Duchess Viridis lent him the money. Within a few years he pledged 74 courtyards to the Duchess alone. On the occasion of the visitations in 1398 and 1405, he was accused not only of extravagance, but also of moral misconduct. In the middle of 1405, the Sittich monastery brothers sent another complaint to Rein. They accused the abbot of no longer taking part in the choir prayers, of no longer reading mass, not even on major holidays, of leading an unrestrained life and hard-hearted treatment of his subjects. Due to the incriminating results of the investigation, Abbot Albert resigned on July 13, 1405. After his resignation, however, he intrigued against the new abbot and tried with all his might to regain the dignity of the abbot. After numerous proceedings that dragged on until 1414, in which Duke Ernst and his brother Wilhelm had to intervene several times, Albert von Lindeck ended up in dungeon, where he died on May 8, 1451.

23. Abbot Peter Limschak / Limšak (1405–1428) The Abbot von Rein also informed Duke Ernst of the election of Peter Limschak as abbot, who then placed the monastery and Abbot Peter in the care of the Governor of Carniola, Johann Neudecker ( July 21, 1405). With the exception of Abbot Peter's disputes with his predecessor, little is known about him. He received the order, his convent students in the order college of St. Send Nikolai to Vienna. And in 1412 he received from the Pope permission to bless vestments and church altars, which were under his jurisdiction, among other ecclesiastical measures reserved only for secular clergy.
Abbot Peter died on November 9, 1428.

24. Abbot Laurenz Forer (? –1433) The date of his election as abbot is not known. It is known that the friar Erasmus filed a complaint against Abbot Laurenz, which is probably to be seen in connection with the order of the Abbot von Rein, who, due to the existing Turkish threat, ordered Abbot Laurenz to fortify the monastery with a high wall and towers . This order was in the interest of most of the confreres. Abbot Laurenz probably did not find the strength to do so and resigned himself in 1433. He died on January 10 of an unknown year.

25. Abbot Imre / Emmerich Perennyi (1433–1440) Based on the name, it is assumed that he was of Hungarian origin. He also served as abbot in the Landstraß (Kostanjevica) monastery . There he is mentioned for the first time on April 3, 1429 and for the last time on November 30, 1431. In Parakeet he ruled from 1433 to 1440, when he gave up. In 1454 he is named as the oldest member of the Sittich Convention. Abbot Emmerich died on June 12 of an unknown year.

26. Matthias Saletel / Matej Zaletel (1441–1449) He was a Slovene from the Sitticher area. He was elected abbot on February 7, 1441. Both the later Emperor Friedrich III. and Patriarch Alexander campaigned for the monastery; the latter confirmed all privileges of the monastery in 1442. At the emperor's intercession, the abbot was allowed to wear the miter at the council of Basel in 1446. In 1448 Parakeet became the mother monastery of the Cistercian monastery of Topusko in Croatia, so the abbots were entitled to visit there. Topusko in the valley of the Glina River in Croatia was founded by the Hungarian King Andrew II (1205–1235). The first monks to settle there came from Citeaux in 1211 (Mlinarič, Kost. P. 16). Also in 1448 Reinprecht von Walsee gave the monastery a palace in Laibach. Abbot Matthias died on September 10, 1449.

27. Abbot Gerhard / Gerard (? –1450) Abbot Gerhard only ruled for a few months. Little is known about his life and work. Abbot Gerhard died on May 12, 1450.

28. Abbot Ulrich / Ulrik (1450–1481) Abbot Ulrich ruled from 1450 to October 3, 1481. He ensured order and discipline in the monastery, which Patriarch Ludwig reported to Pope Nicholas V about ; He praised the discipline of the order, the hospitality, the charity and emphasized that "the population would be encouraged to piety at every opportunity ..." Between June 5th and 10th, 1471 the Turks attacked the monastery and incinerated it. In 1461 the Diocese of Ljubljana was founded. Abbot Ulrich died on October 3, 1481.

29. Abbot Oswald / Ožbald (? –1487) There is little news about Abbot Oswald. During his reign, the work is said to have been completed after the monastery was devastated by the Turks. Abbot Oswald died on November 4, 1487.

30. Abbot Thomas from (von) Egg / Tomaž z Iga (? –1494,? 1516) Thomas from Egg had two terms of office. His first term of office lasted from around 1487 until his resignation in 1494. At that time, the economic situation of the monastery was not in good shape as a result of the damage caused by the Turks. On the occasion of the visit on January 23, 1492, he was threatened with deposition if he did not repair the refectory and did not have the monastery fortified with protective walls and the necessary walls. Due to the result of the visitation made on December 13, 1494 by the Abbot of Rein, Abbot Thomas resigned for "good reasons and causes". On the same day his successor - Brother Martin - was elected abbot.
The following reasons are assumed for the resignation of Abbot Thomas: the difficult economic situation of the monastery and his efforts to become independent of the patriarchate in the pastoral sector. Under the pressure of Venice the authority and thus also the influence of the Patriarchate of Aquileia visibly waned. This was also recognized in parakeets and tried to gain more and more independence in church affairs.
After the death of Abbot Johann Glawitsch the Elder in 1508, Thomas was again elected abbot at the beginning of 1509. No news of his work from this period has survived. But also the second reign of Abbot Thomas was overshadowed by painful events. In 1511 a strong earthquake destroyed numerous castles in Carniola. And in the summer of 1515 a peasant uprising broke out there, completely surprising, to which other castles fell victim. The number of benefactors dwindled noticeably. In addition, there was the constant threat of Turkish attacks. All of this had negative effects on the economic and material situation of the population and thus also on the subjects of Parakeet and the monastery itself. Abbot Thomas died on February 3, 1516.

31. Abbot Martin (1494–1500) Abbot Martin, elected abbot on December 13, 1494, did not accept the election gladly. Because he had to grapple with the same difficulties as his predecessor. In addition, there was the “Turkish tax”, which also weighed heavily on the population. At the intercession of King Maximilian I , the parish of St. Marein (Šmarje) was incorporated into the monastery in 1497, from which the abbot expected 40 ducats a year . The first vicar of St. Marein was the parakeet monk Johann Komolz (Janez Komolc). An oil painting on which an unknown artist immortalized the vicar, the patriarch Nikolaus Donatus and the abbot Martin is still kept in St. Marein's rectory near Ljubljana.
Abbot Martin expanded the fortification walls of the monastery. In the course of these measures, Abbot Martin had some graves from the Church of St. Catherine, which was left outside the walls, brought into the monastery. Damaged grave slabs were used as building material. Since the Auersperg family crypt was affected by these measures, Wilhelm von Auersperg fell out of favor with the Vizedom von Krain. Only Pankraz von Auersperg settled the dispute with the abbot. Pankraz was buried in the monastery in 1489, the grave slab of which can still be seen on the wall of the cloister. Abbot Martin died on January 9, 1500.

32. Abbot John Glawitsch d. Ä. / Janez Glavič (1500–1508) From documents that have been preserved it can be seen that John was a wise abbot who achieved a great deal and who always had the concerns of the monastery first. He kept busy correspondence with the abbot von Rein on economic matters of the monastery. In the years 1502 and 1503 there were disagreements between the two when their brother Leonhard from Rein was staying in Parakeet. He knew his way around medicine and began treating the confreres and lay people there. Abbot Johannes let brother Leonhard do it. The abbot von Rein, on the other hand, was relentless and even threatened Leonhard with expulsion from the order if he did not terminate his activities immediately, because the clergy and friars were forbidden to engage in surgery. In 1507, Abbot Johannes was commissioned by the Order Visitor for Austria, Carinthia, Styria and Carniola, Abbot Michael von Heiligenkreuz , to visit the Landstraß monastery, and instructed the Abbot of Landstraß to submit to the Parakeet Abbot. Abbot Johannes died on September 4, 1508. He was succeeded as Abbot Thomas (see No. 30), who ruled until 1516 during his term of office.

33. Abbot Urban Paradeiser / Urban Paradižič (1516–1523) Six years after his inauguration by the Abbot von Rein, in 1522, a dispute arose between him and the friars. Right at the beginning of his reign in 1516, Brother Johann Glawitsch wrote to Rein that Abbot Urban was incapable. With the help of the Abbot von Landstraß Arnold (reigned 1509-1524) an attempt was made to settle the dispute. But in the same year Johann Glawitsch was elected as his counterpart by his followers without the consent of Abbot Urban and without informing Rein about it. Finally, Abbot Urban resigned on August 22, 1523. He died on May 18, 1534.

34. Abbot John Glawitsch d. J. (1523–1530) There was unrest and dissatisfaction in the monastery. On the day Abbot Urban resigned, an election commission, consisting of Abbot Johannes from Rein, Abbot Polydor from Viktring and Abbot Arnold from Landstraß, appointed the brother Johann Glawitsch the Elder. J. to the abbot of parakeets. The Convent of Parakeets has stated that in order to help calm the situation in the monastery, one would renounce the right to vote and accept the decision of the electoral commission. Abbot Johannes, who was appointed to his office by Bishop Daniel de Rubeis on September 6, 1523, was appointed commissioner by the Carniolan estates in 1526 as a representative of the clergy, who was responsible for the confiscation of valuables that every church in Krain had to give up in support of the defensive measures against the Turks. However, he did not want to give up his good table cutlery, consisting of six gold-plated and 24 silver cups, a bowl and 16 spoons, with the hint that the monastery was being run by outstanding personalities from the spiritual and secular class, such as patriarchs and emperors, bishops and dukes, visited, which one must, after all, be entertained appropriately. Abbot Johannes experienced the second devastating attack by the Turks in 1528, who robbed the monastery again. Due to illness, Abbot Johannes resigned at the end of August 1530 and died a few days later on September 4th.

35. Abbot Klemens Quitsold / Klemen Kvitsold (1530–1534) The exact date of his election as abbot is not documented. In any case, the election should have taken place before the end of 1530. It is reported that he had difficulties with the abbot von Rein, who probably did not want to confirm his election as abbot. Therefore it is believed that he was inclined to Protestantism. Abbot Clement resigned in 1534 and died on April 6, 1550.

36. Abbot Johannes Zerar / Janez Cerar (1534–1549) Johannes Zerar was elected in 1534. Since the Abbot of Rein did not want to confirm his election, Abbot Johannes was introduced to his office by Abbot Wilhelm from Citeaux. Abbot John ruled until his death on January 25, 1549.

37. Abbot Wolfgang Neff / Volbenk Neff (1550–1566) Wolfgang Neff was elected abbot in 1550. Before that he was prior in Viktring and from 1540 abbot of the Landstraß monastery. It was confirmed by the abbot of Rein, but relations between the two monasteries were not good at the time. The abbot of Rein even complained in Rome about the disobedience of the Sittich abbot. Abbot Wolfgang was an agile man who resolutely defended the monastery's privileges. He successfully led 1556-57 lawsuit against Georg von Schärfenberg because of two subjects and against Count Monesis in Adelsberg ( Postojna ) because of the fishing in the Zerknitzer See. On the basis of copies of the imperial privileges, Abbot Wolfgang proved in 1563 that the Parakeet Monastery was entitled to fish in any way on the lake. On the other hand, just then the state began to intervene more and more in the powers of the monastery. On May 19, 1561, Emperor Ferdinand issued a decree that from now on the day of the election of the abbot not only had to be reported to Rein, but also to the governor and the Vizedom of Carniola so that they could be present at the election. He also carried out further construction work in the monastery despite the tense economic situation. He built the west wing, the so-called "Neffabbey", a building that is still one of the most beautiful living areas in the monastery. It was completed in 1555, as the inscription above the entrance reports: SPLENDIDUM HOC OPUS WOLFGANGUS NEFFIUS, ABBAS, DE INTEGRO FIERI CURAVIT, ANNO DOMINI MDLV, GUBERNATIONIS SUAE VII. (This magnificent work had the Abbot Wolfgang Neff built in its entirety in the year of the Lord 1555, in the year VII of his reign). He was fond of art and construction and also knew how to find suitable builders and artists for his projects. Abbot Wolfgang, who died on March 18, 1566, was the last to be buried in the chapter - like all abbots so far.

38. Abbot Johannes Kaysell / Janez Cajzel (pronounced Zajsel) (1566–1576) Johann Kaysell was elected abbot on April 24, 1566 in the presence of the abbots of Rein, Viktring and Landstraß and in the presence of government commissioners. He was previously vicar in the parish of St. Marein near Laibach. But he took his religious vows 26 years ago. Polydor von Montagnana, an ambitious nephew of Abbot Wolfgang Neff, wanted to dispute his election as abbot, who wanted to become abbot himself in Parakeet, but did not even have the novitiate. The abbot's correspondence with the Rein monastery shows that the economic situation of the monastery was unfortunate, there was a shortage of monastery brothers and that the plague raged in the vicinity of Rudolfswert ( Novo mesto ). In the years 1572–1575 the peasants rose again, this time together with the peasants from Croatia. A report by Abbot Johannes from the year 1574 shows that he carried out a visit to the Landstrasse monastery and found conditions there to be untenable. Within two years, the abbot himself only read mass twice, and there are two chaplains in the monastery, one of whom is Orthodox. When the papal legate Porcia came to Carniola in 1570 to carry out visitations and reforms, the abbot of Rein advised the parakeet Abbot Johannes to carry out the visitations himself, while adhering to the former papal privileges, according to which no one had the right to To interfere with the affairs of the monastery and not allow Porcia to attend. After the death of Abbot John on October 27, 1576, Polydor von Montagnana began to spin again intrigues, proposing to the Gubernium that the monastery should be rented to someone for three years due to the proximity of uncertain borders. The rental income could be used to support more than 30 scholarship holders, and the monastery itself could be managed much more effectively. The Gubernium passed the proposal on to the Abbot of Rein, Hieronymus, who, however, suspected where these recommendations came from and declined.

39. Abbot Johannes Klaferle (1577–1580) Abbot Johannes only ruled for three years. He was elected on January 31, 1577 in the presence of the abbots of Rein and Viktring, the gubernial commissioners, two citizens of Ljubljana and the public notary. There is hardly any news about his work. It was said that he got into trouble when he tried to bring about pastoral and economic order in the monastery. He resisted a visit planned by the Aquilej visitor. Abbot Johannes died on March 7, 1580.

40. Abbot Laurenz Suppan / Lovrenc Zupan (1580–1600) Laurenz Suppan came from Rann ( Brežice ). He was elected abbot on April 21, 1580 and consecrated on All Saints' Day of the same year by Bishop Thomas Chrön (Tomaž Hren) in Oberburg . This choice also corresponded to the wishes of Archduke Karl, because Abbot Laurenz was a staunch opponent of Protestantism. He soon complained in Rein that three parishes incorporated into the monastery had already been occupied by Lutheran preachers . In 1592 he led the investigation against Abbess Susanna von Oberburg on behalf of the Patriarch in the Minkendorf Monastery , who showed great sympathy for Protestant teaching. In 1595 the abbot led the Corpus Christi procession in Laibach, which aroused the resentment of the Protestants there. When he led a procession there the following year as an intercession for a good outcome for the Christian army near Petrinja , he was physically attacked by angry Protestants. In 1597, Abbot Laurenz informed Archduke Ferdinand that on April 27th two Lutheran preachers were forcibly expelled from the parish of St. Kanzian near Auersperg , and that a new pastor was then appointed there.

The baptismal register of the Ljubljana Minster from 1594 shows that on Whit Monday a Turkish girl was baptized there with the name Christina. This girl was released by Canon Chrön, later Bishop of Laibach, for 16 guilders. Abbot Laurenz took over the sponsorship.

Abbot Laurenz is called the father of the fatherland. As a friend of books, he made sure that the monastery library was well stocked. After returning from a trip to Trieste, he fell seriously ill and died on December 26th, 1600. Historians count him among the greatest abbots of parakeets.

41. Abbot Jakobus Reinprecht (1603–1626) Jakobus Reinprecht came from Innerberg ( Eisenerz ). He was first a friar in the Rein monastery and since September 18, 1600 abbot of Landstraß. However, he was only elected abbot of parakeets on March 21, 1603. Abbot Johannes was a tough man who also knew how to defend the rights of the monastery. He won the trial (1607-08) against the Ljubljana bishop Thomas Chrön (Hren), who illegally wanted to take the legacy of the pastor from Seisenberg ( Žužemberk ). In the period from 1608 to 1623, Parakeet survived several visits without major complaints. In 1617 Archduke Ferdinand appointed him privy councilor. Six years later he had the Church of Our Lady built in the Romanesque style on Trška gora in Lower Carniola. And he had the monastery church refurbished in the baroque style; it was consecrated again in 1625 by the Bishop of Trieste Scarlichi. During his reign in 1606, the “old prelature” in the baroque style, the construction of which his predecessor, Abbot Laurenz Suppan, had begun in 1589, was completed. Abbot James also had the vault of the entrance gate (north tower) decorated with figural stucco, which is one of the oldest of its kind in Slovenia. Abbot Jakobus died on June 13, 1626. A memorial plaque and a tombstone in the monastery church remember him, which is also one of the most beautiful monuments in the Sitticher church. The historian Father Pucelj praises Abbot James as "the pearl of the office holder, as a protective shield of the abbey, defender of the faith, as a pillar of the church and as the foundation of the monastery."

42. Abbot Matthias Meierle / Matej Majerle (1626–1628) Matthias Meierle came from Rein, was previously abbot in Landstraß and on March 21, 1626 was elected Abbot of Parakeets. After an unannounced visitation in 1628, he resigned. No documents have been preserved about this. But the results of the investigation must have been serious, because the monastery was subject to an interdict and all privileges were withdrawn from the monastery. After his resignation, Abbot Matthias went to Rein, where he was again elected abbot. However, he died on August 8, 1629.

43. Abbot Johannes Anschlowar / Janez Anžlovar (1628–1638) Johannes Anschlowar, who was elected Abbot of Parakeets in 1628, came from the nearby St. Vitus (Šentvid). The ten years of his reign were marked by peasant unrest and difficulties with the subjects of the monastery, who repeatedly fought violently against the demands of the monastery and even threatened the monastery. Abbot Johannes had the "Sitticher Castle" built in Laibach in 1629. On the occasion of a visit to the monastery library, a visitor from Citeaux asked for a suitable librarian to compile a book directory and carefully note down any books that were lent. In 1630 there were 17 friars and two clerics in the monastery. And the following year the parish of Zeier (Sora) was incorporated into the monastery. Abbot Johannes died on March 13, 1638 in Laibach.

44. Abbot Ruprecht Eckart (1638–1644) Ruprecht Eckart was musically gifted and known for his German sermons in Laibach. Before he was elected abbot of Sittich on April 13, 1638, he was abbot in Landstrasse monastery. His subjects caused him great difficulties. In 1640 Parakeet had 15 friars, four clerics, two novices and two guests. Abbot Ruprecht died on April 3, 1660.

45. Abbot Johannes Weinzierl / Janez Vajncerle (1644–1660) Even during the reign of Abbot Johannes there were difficulties with the subjects. Johannes Weinzierl, who was elected abbot of parakeets on April 26, 1644, came from Bischoflack ( Škofja Loka ) and was previously the parish administrator of the parish Treffen ( Trebnje ) in Lower Carniola. He made unannounced visitations in the parishes incorporated into the monastery. It is reported that Abbot Johannes had the roof of the basilica, which had been damaged by lightning, repaired, he also procured a new organ and restored the cloister. Abbot Johannes died on December 2nd, 1660. A baroque tombstone in the monastery church commemorates him.

46. ​​Abbot Maximilian Motoh (1661–1680) Maximilian Motoh, born in Novo mesto ( Rudolfswert ) on April 10, 1605, was elected abbot on January 2, 1661. He is one of the most active and deserving parakeet abbots. In order to raise morale within the priesthood but also among the faithful, from 1667 he carried out annual visitations in the parishes incorporated into the monastery. He also made sure that the monastery debt burden was reduced. He also succeeded in incorporating the parish Quantš (Mannspurg) with the vicariates Vače (Watsch), Čemšenik (Tschemschenik), Zagorje (Sagor) and Dol (Lustthal) near Laibach into the monastery. Abbot Maximilian was a great patron of the arts. But he also had the monastery library and the monastery archive reorganized. Under his aegis, the monastery was walled and numerous new churches and baroque altars were built. One of the most beautiful altars is the golden altar in the parish of Mulau (Muljava). There was hardly a church in his area that he had not given a new altar, a pulpit, a bell, a chasuble or a chalice. Motoh also suggested, like some of his predecessors, that a parakeet archdeaconate should be established. Before making a decision, the abbot died on January 19, 1680. His tombstone has been preserved in the Sitticher church.

47. Abbot Ludwig Freiherr von Rahmschüssel (1680–1687) - Abbot Ludwig, born in 1623 at Kolowrat Castle (Lower Styria), had an unusual vita. He initially served as an officer in the Thirty Years' War, after which he entered the Sitticher monastery and made his vows in 1655. In May 1680 he was elected abbot. He took an active part in the meetings of the estates in Ljubljana, liked to listen to the sermons held in German in the Jesuit church and preferred to move in the high society of Ljubljana, where he was welcomed as a lovable man. He was also an opponent of the strict monastic reform that was propagated in Citeaux at the time , because in his opinion the old rules of the order were no longer in harmony with the living conditions now prevailing at his time. Abbot Ludwig also had a large granary built in 1683 and chiseled the following inscription above the entrance:

DE PRIMITIIS FRUGUM TUARUM DA PAUPERIBUS ET IMPLEBUNTUR HORREA TUA SATURITATE ET VINO TORCULARIA REDUNDABUNT - REVERENDISSIMUS DOMINUS DOMINUS LUDOVICUS SITTICENSIUM ABBAS 43 - GUBERNATIONIS SUAIIIE ANNOUNDAM - SALUTIS MD FRECLXXXX.

(Give of your first fruits to the poor and your granaries will fill up and the wine will overflow from your barrels. Built from the ground up by the venerable Mr. Ludwig, the 43rd abbot in the 4th year of his reign - in the year of salvation 1683. )

In times of need, according to the inscription, the granary was also opened for the monastery subjects. After the dissolution of the monastery, the granary was also used for other purposes. It served as accommodation for soldiers or for storing archive material and entire libraries. Archduke Maximilian (1832–1867), the Emperor of Mexico, also collected his soldiers in the granary, with whom he then moved to his new empire.

Abbot Ludwig died in Laibach on December 5, 1687, he was buried in the Sittich monastery, where a tombstone was also erected for him.

48th Abbot Antonius von Gallenfels (1688–1719)

49th Abbot Alexander Freiherr von Engelshaus (1719–1734)

50. Abbot Wilhelm Kowatschitsch / Viljem Kovačič (1734–1764) Wilhelm Kowatschitsch was elected abbot on July 24, 1734. Before that he officiated as prior in Parakeet. With the election he took over a mountain of debt of 220,339 guilders and cash of 94,343 guilders. He went to work bravely. The government commission found four years later that Abbot Wilhelm had paid off the debt to the sum of 100,511 guilders. Despite difficult economic conditions, he managed to restore the interior of the church. In 1751 he rebuilt the tower of the basilica and gave it its current shape. On the southeast side he built another monastery wing and the so-called "Abbot's Chapel", a representative hall that was only completed by his successor. Abbot Wilhelm died on May 12, 1764. A baroque tombstone in the basilica with his coat of arms and that of Parakeet commemorates him.

51st Abbot Franz Xaver Freiherr von Taufferer (1764–1784)

52nd Abbot Gerhard Maier (1903–1912)

53rd Abbot Bernhard Widmann (1913–1922) - Abbot Bernhard came from Vorderburg in Bavaria, where he was born on July 15, 1867. After joining the Cistercian order, he was ordained a priest in 1890. In Parakeet he later took the position of prior and was elected abbot one year after the resignation of his predecessor, Abbot Gerhard, and was ordained on April 4th. In 1920 he became seriously ill and left Parakeet with some of his German-born confreres. Abbot Bernhard resigned on October 22, 1922 and died on October 28, 1943.

54th Abbot Dr. Auguštin Kostelec (1924–1963)

55th Abbot Rafael Ašič (1963–1979) Rafael Ašič was Slovenian, he was born on November 27, 1909 in Jerič dol in the parish of Koprivnica near Brestanica . He was elected Abbot of Parakeets on February 22, 1963. Before that, he held various positions in Ljubljana, Poland, Spain and Tyrol. After his return from Austria in 1953, he became prior in Stična and pastor in the Sitticher parish. Abbot Rafael - whose motto was "in God is salvation" - was considered humble and reserved, but persistent, he is described as a man of order, prayer and action. In addition to numerous other structural and modernization measures, the heating was installed in the church and the monastery and the water pipe laid. In the wing built by Abbot Neff, the corridor was paved and some rooms were set up as sickrooms. Abbot Rafael also had the abbot's chapel restored and the altar statues gilded. Some agricultural machines were also purchased. Abbot Rafael resigned for health reasons on November 29, 1979 and died on August 3, 1980.

56th Abbot Dr. Anton Nadrah (1979–2007) Slovene from the Stična area.

57th Abbot Janez Novak , (since April 27, 2007, inauguration on July 8, 2007)

particularities

Stone pillar

About two kilometers south of the monastery at the main intersection in the village of Ivančna Gorica there is an oval stone column, it is 3.20 m high and has a diameter of about one meter in the lower part. The upper part is square with four arched niches and a pyramid-shaped end. It is believed that this could possibly be a reshaped Roman milestone. It is certain that the column was erected at the current location in 1583 by the parakeet Abbot Laurenz Suppan.

The coat of arms of the abbot, the monastery and three other coats of arms are carved into the oval part of the column. In the four niches in the upper part, which are now empty, depictions of saints were once to be seen as signposts: in the niche facing north towards the monastery, the Mater Dolorosa was depicted, in the niche facing south were the patrons of the place Krka (Gurk) - the saints Cosmas and Damian - depicted, the niche facing east shows St. Vitus, the patron saint of Šentvid, and the niche facing west contained the image of St. Aegidius, the patron saint of the city of Višnja gora.

The column also contains several inscriptions. Most of them could be interpreted, some of which are still puzzling today.

1. The following inscription could not yet be interpreted: TTDNAOSD - SFSEIMN

2. With another inscription, only the following words are legible: SANAT - CRUCIFIXI - FONTES SITIM - AGITIS SANCTISSIMI - SURGIT ET MA… INCO…

3. The main inscription in Latin reads:

ASPICE QUI TRANSIS HUMANAE SIGNA SALUTIS

ATQUE REDEMPTRICIS SANCTA TROPHAEA CRUCIS

HAEC LICET IN MULTIS VIDEAS CAELATA FIGURIS

ET IN VOCE ALIQUID SAXA STILUMQUE LOQUI

NON SILICES NON LIGNA COLI NON AERA DOCEMUS

AETERNUM SED QUEM SIGNET IMAGO DEUM

VERBERA QUI PRO TE SPINAS OPPROBRIA CLAVOS

VULNERA SPUTA SITIM LATA CRUCEMQUE TULIT

SI TE NON TANGUNT LAPIDIS MONIMENTA VIATOR

QUIS POTERIT TE IPSO DURIOR ESSE LAPIS?

(Translated into Slovenian by Anton Sovre)

Kdor greš mimo, poglej to sveto znamenje zmage

Križ, odkupa symbol, rodu človeškega spas!

Tole utegnes razbrati, vrezano v neme podobe,

To govori ti na glas dleta in kremena molk:

Nauk naš ni, da bi kremen, da les bi častili, kovino,

Večnega marveč Boga, ki obrazuje ga lik.

Šibe, ki zate trpel je in trnje, žeblje in psovanje,

Ranjen, opljuvan ki šel žejen pod križem je v smrt.

Če ti ne zdrami sočutja pomnik ta kamniti, popotnik,

Kje bi pač našel še krš, trši ko tvoje srce?

(Translation to German)

Who pass by, look at the sign of victory,

The cross, the symbol of the redemption and salvation of humanity!

You can see that, chiseled in silent pictures,

That speaks to you according to the chisel and the silence of the stone:

It is not our teaching to honor the rock, the wood, or the ore,

On the other hand, the eternal God, whom the picture characterizes.

The scourges he suffered for you, the thorns, nails and invective,

Sown with wounds, spat on, who went thirsty to his death under the cross.

If this stony mark doesn't awaken your compassion, wanderer,

Where can you find a stone that is harder than your heart?

4. Below an inscription in German:

REMEMBER YOU PASSED BY, O HIKERS,

THAT OUR SAVIOR MEANS THIS FIGURE,

IN HUMAN SHAPE, PROBABLY 33 YEARS

TO SET US ON THE RIGHT PATH PILGRIM WAR.

5. This is followed by an inscription in Latin that provides information about who raised the stone at this point. The inscription was published in the Cistercian Chronicle , 55 and in Mladika XII (1931, 27-28) in 1896 .

HOC CHRISTIANI NOMINIS ET ANTIQUAE PIETATIS

MONUMENTUM UT ACCEDENTIBUS RECEDENTIBUS

ET HUC PRAETEREUNTIBUS SERVATORIS SUI MEMORIAM

REVOCARET E VIVO LAPIDE PONI CURAVIT

LAURENTIUS ABBAS SITTICENSIS ANNO VERGINEI

PARTUS 1583 - LUCERNA PEDIBUS MEIS VERBUM

TUUM ET LUMEN SEMITIS MEIS

(Slovenian)

Ta pomnik krščanskega imena in starodavnega češčenja - da

Bi prihajajočim, odhajajočim in tod gredočim klical v spomin

Njihovega Odrešenika - je dal iz živega kamna postaviti stiški

Opat Lovrenc leta 1583 po porodu Device - Tvoja beseda je

Svetilka mojim nogam in luč na mojih stezah.

(German)

This memorial stone of the Christian name and the ancient veneration

The parakeet Abbot Laurentius had it built out of bare rock

In 1583 after the birth of the virgin,

So that he is the one who arrives, the one who leaves

And call to mind those who pass by their Savior -

Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my paths.

Parakeet manuscript - Stiški Rokopis - Ljubljanski rokopis

The Sitticher manuscript is a collection of prayers and samples for sermons that originated in the 15th century. It is considered to be the third oldest Slovenian manuscript.

Folk tales and stories

The monastery also lived in the sagas and tales of many Slovenian poets and writers, including:

• Josip Jurčič (1844–1881), Jurij Kozjak - slovenski janičar (Georg (von) Kossiak - the Slovenian Janissary),
• Dr. Ivan Janežič (1855–1922), Gospa s pristave (The noble woman from the Meierhof),
• Miroslav Malovrh (1861–1922), Opatov praporščak (the abbot's standard bearer),
• Dr. Father Metod Turnšek, Stoji, stoji tam sivi samostan (It says, it is the gray monastery),
• Jeronim Korner (* 1909, a Croatian clergyman and poet), U hramu cistercija (In the Cistercian church),
• Vida Taufer (1903–1966) is considered to be the greatest Slovenian poet. Križev pot (The Way of the Cross ),
• France Bazilij (1861–1948), Tonček iz Potoka (Toni from Potok),
• Ilka Vašte (1891–1967), Gričarji (The Gričar - (name of a peasant family)),
• Hudovernik (1861–1931), a parakeet by birth, lawyer and publicist,
• Ivan Zorec (1880–1952), a Slovenian writer and narrator.

Two examples:

1. Legend about the origin of the monastery (after Hudovernik)

The pious princess Viridis lived in the 9th century. She promised to build a monastery for the white monks. When her husband died, she didn't know where to bury him. Her counselor suggested that she put the man in a coffin, nail the coffin up, and harness a pair of oxen. Wherever the oxen would stop, let her bury her husband and build the monastery. The ox stopped where the monastery stands today. Viridis buried her husband and built the monastery, but she didn't know what name to give the place. Then a green bird sitting on a tree near the monastery began to chirp: "Sit hic, sit hic" (May it be here). And so the monastery got the name parakeet.

2. Story about the dissolution of the monastery . (Ivan Zorec wrote the following story about the dissolution of the monastery - literal translation from Slovenian).

After the decree of the dissolution of the monasteries of Emperor Joseph II became known, the white monks in Parakeets racked their brains day and night about how they could face the danger to their monastery. But they had no real idea. “I'll just go to Vienna to see the emperor,” said the abbot, “the emperor probably doesn't even know what we're doing here. We just have to make that understandable to him. ”The abbot immediately set off. He was only accompanied by the friar Koch, so that the abbot did not have to travel all alone and so that the cook could prepare a meal for him at the right time.

Arrived in Vienna - city: house to house, so many that one could get lost. The two wandered around for a long time until they finally found a place to rest. But the abbot did not think of resting, worry gnawed, and he went straight to the emperor.

In the vestibule the abbot is stopped by a minister who inquired about his concerns. “So and so,” explains the abbot, “I just have to speak to the emperor.” The minister looked sternly and did not want to show him the door to the emperor. But the abbot quickly opened the door and he was standing in front of the emperor.

The emperor listens to the abbot and smiles. When the abbot has finished talking about how the white monks lived and worked in a friendly way with the Lower Carniola, the emperor nods and says: “All right, the monastery will stay if you can answer three questions.” “Which one?” Asks the abbot anxious. The emperor replied: “First, how far is it from earth to heaven? Second, how much am I worth? Third: What am I thinking? ”The abbot was dripping sweat from his forehead - how not - the questions were damn hard. "But you don't have to answer immediately," said the Emperor with a smile.

The abbot returned to the quarters looking worried. “The signs are bad”, the abbot meekly to Brother Koch, “the Emperor has set me a few traps.” Brother Koch scratches behind the right ear, then behind the left and says with a smile: “Let me go to the Emperor , I will deal with him. ”Then he explains to the abbot how he will answer the emperor's questions. The abbot, astonished at the alertness of his fellow brother, hesitates a little longer and says: “The emperor already knows me, he will immediately notice that you are not the right person.” “Oh, what,” replies the cook, “the emperor sees that way many people and will probably not be able to remember all faces. Just give me your suit and it'll work out. "

And so it happened. The next day, Brother Koch went to the emperor disguised as an abbot. "Are you here already?" Asked the emperor in surprise. “Well, then, to the first question: How far is it from earth to heaven?” “No longer than nine hours,” replies the cook, “Christ died at three in the afternoon, but before he died he said the one to the right of crucified robber to him - you will be with me in paradise today. That day only lasted nine hours. "The emperor was amazed, but could not ignore the truth and asked the second question:" How much am I worth? "The cook:" Less than 30 pieces of silver. If Iscariot has received 30 pieces of silver for Christ, the King of Kings and Emperor the Emperor, then you are rightly worth a little less. "The Emperor nods, albeit reluctantly, and asks the third question:" What am I thinking? " Brother Koch smiles a little and says: “You think I am the Parakeet Abbot, but I am not. I'm just his cook. "

Despite Brother Koch's wisdom, the hours of the monastery were numbered.

Burial chamber

About 15 years ago, in the north wing - between the front building (east side) and the church - a burial chamber with several well-preserved skeletons of people who must have been quite tall was discovered. The current status of the investigations is currently unknown.

various

The Slovenian Religious Museum is located in the monastery ; There is a shop on the ground floor selling monastery products, including teas made by the famous herb collector Father Simon Ašič.

See also

• Weichselberg (noble family)
• Ludwig von Kosiack
• Viridis Visconti

literature

• Josip Benkovič: O cistercijanskem redu (About the Cistercian Order) . "Slovenec" (the Slovene), 1898. Nos. 70–74 (29th III. - 2nd IV.),
• Rajko Bratož: Vpliv oglejske cerkve na vzhodnoalpski in predalpski prostor od 4. do 8. stoletja (influence of the Church of Aquileja on the Eastern Alps and the pre-Alpine region from the 4th to the 8th century) . Ljubljana 1990
• Bogo Grafenauer : Zgodovina slovenskega naroda, V. zvezek (History of the Slovene People, Volume V) . Ljubljana 1974
• Jože M. Grebenc: Gospodarska ustanovitev Stične ali njena dotacija leta 1135 (The economic foundation of the parakeet or its endowment in 1135) . Samostan Stična, Ljubljana 1973
• Jože Gregorič: Cistercijani v Stični - Ob 1500-letnici rojstva sv. Benedikta ´ (The Cistercians in Parakeet / Stična - On the occasion of the 1500th anniversary of the birth of St. Benedict) . Ljubljana 1980
• Janez Höfler: O prvih cerkvah in pražupnijah na Slovenskem (About the first churches and original parishes in Slovenia) . Ljubljana 1986
• Jože Koropec: Mi smo tu - Veliki punt na Slovenskem v letu 1635 (We are here - The great (peasant) uprising in Slovenia in 1635) . Maribor 1985
• Tine Kurent: Kozmogram romanske bazilike v Stični (Cosmogram of the Romanesque basilica in Parakeet) . Ljubljana 1977/78,
• Stane Mikuž: Umetnostnozgodovinska topografija grosupeljske krajine (Art-historical topography of the area around Grosuplje) . 1978,
• Jože Mlinarič: Kostanjeviška opatija (1234–1786) (The Landstraßer Abbey 1234–1786) . Ljubljana 1987
• Anton Nadrah (Abbot of Stična Monastery): Stiška Opatija (The Parakeet Abbey) . Stična 1981
• Vincenzo Negri: El mé lapis (My pencil) . Milan 1967,
• Majda Smole: Graščine na nekdanjem Kranjskem (Lords and Gülten in the former Carniola) . Ljubljana 1982
• Josip Srebrnič: Stična (Parakeet) . Published in “Slovenec”, 1919.
• Ivan Steklasa: Zgodovina župnije Šent Rupert (The history of the parish of Sanktrupert) . Ljubljana 1913
• Marijan Zadnikar : Romanska Stična (The Roman Parakeet) . 1957,
• Republika Slovenija - Ukaz o razglasitvi zakona o denacionalizaciji (Republic of Slovenia - Ordinance on the Proclamation of the Law on Denationalization) - Zakon o denacionalizaciji (Law on Denationalization) . Uradni list št. 27, Ljubljana, petek, November 29, 1991 (Official Gazette No. 27, Ljubljana, Friday, November 29, 1991)
• Juri Snoj: Parakeet. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 5, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-7001-3067-8 .

Web links

Commons : Kloster Sittich  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website of the Cistercian Parakeet Abbey (sloven./engl./ital.)
• KlosterStična: cultural heritage, herbal pharmacy and youth festival on wien international.at

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Bronnbach
2. ↑ Stams ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
3. ↑ Sitticher manuscript
4. ↑ limited preview in the Google book search
5. ↑ Father Simon  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.