Bronnbach

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Bronnbach
City of Wertheim
Bronnbach coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 42 ′ 45 ″  N , 9 ° 32 ′ 50 ″  E
Height : 160 m
Residents : 45  (2007)
Postal code : 97877
Area code : 09342
Bronnbach (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Bronnbach

Location of Bronnbach in Baden-Württemberg
Aerial view of Bronnbach from the north
Aerial view of Bronnbach from the north

Bronnbach (in the Taubergründischen dialect Brumboch ) is a hamlet in Tauberfranken and belongs to the locality Reicholzheim of the city Wertheim in the Main-Tauber-Kreis .

The crest

In 1842 Bronnbach had a coat of arms that showed a three-bowl fountain with flowing silver water in blue. From 1928 to 1936 the municipality of Bronnbach had the same coat of arms in its seal as the neighboring village of Reicholzheim , a golden fountain with two bowls from which silver water flows. It was inscribed GEMEINDE BRONNBACH ad T. Today, Bronnbach as a district of Wertheim does not have its own coat of arms.

religion

The Bronnbacher Klosterkirche belongs to the catholic pastoral care unit Külsheim-Bronnbach in the deanery Tauberbischofsheim of the Archdiocese of Freiburg .

history

Foundation and district

The Cistercian monastery in Bronnbach today

The history of the place Bronnbach is very closely connected with the history of the Cistercian monastery Bronnbach , as the majority of the place consists of former monastery buildings. The monastery was founded in 1151 on the right of the Tauber .

Bronnbach owned fourteen outer courtyards in 1245 and later acquired local authority over Kupprichhausen , Ebenheid , Reicholzheim , Dörlesberg and Nassig . With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of February 25, 1803, the monastery was secularized ; the goods and income were awarded to the Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim- Rosenberg as compensation for the areas left of the Rhine that had been lost to France.

In 1839 the Taubertalstrasse was built; the route to the right of the Tauber made it necessary to lead them through the middle of the monastery grounds. In the same year, the monastery brewery was also expanded. It existed from 1670 to 1974, the last owner was the Würzburger Hofbräu .

Revolution of 1848/49

During the March Revolution , unrest broke out in Bronnbach on March 10, 1848, when around 200 farmers from Reicholzheim moved in front of the Princely Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Rent Office and demanded the return of their valid fruits from the previous year, the replacement of the basic interest and the abolition of civil privileges. They were armed with shotguns, hatchets and sticks and, after negotiating with the tax office administrator, managed to get the valid fruits out on the same day. This process remained the only peasant revolt of the March Revolution in the Wertheim district. The prince responded by asking the Interior Ministry in Karlsruhe to send military personnel. Thereupon the Wertheim district office was asked by the ministry to explain their illegal actions to the people of Reicholzheim, and also managed to get the farmers to return the grain to the rentier. In addition, they also returned a renovation certificate on which the valid and base interest rate reductions were recorded. After the suppression of the revolution, the Grand Ducal Court of the Lower Rhine District sentenced the Reicholzheim farmers found guilty to labor house sentences.

Exile of Miguel I.

From 1851 until his death in 1866, the former Portuguese King Miguel I lived in exile in Bronnbach. In 1834, under pressure from his brother Dom Pedro , Emperor of Brazil, he renounced the crown. The choice of exile fell on Bronnbach, because Miguel I had married the sister of the Prince of Löwenstein, who owned the monastery at that time. As a result, it was upgraded to a castle. The son from this marriage, Michael von Braganza , revived the tradition of burial with his burial in the monastery church. Two grandchildren of Miguel I are also buried there.

Modern times

In 1925 there was a power station, a forge, an inn, a brewery and a sawmill in the village. 25 families lived in Bronnbach at that time, not counting the princes. In 1939 the local gas station closed. This year only the brewery and the blacksmith's shop are recorded in the chronicle. On April 1, 1936 Bronnbach was assigned to the community of Reicholzheim together with the Schafhof, the Wagenbuchener Hof and the Mittelhof. Today, in turn, Reicholzheim and thus Bronnbach belong to the city of Wertheim.

National Socialism

In Bronnbach, too, the NSDAP received over 50% of the votes in the 1932 Reichstag elections (60 of 118 valid votes). From the later Second World War Bronnbach was affected by forced laborers from the Netherlands and Russia and refugees who worked and stayed there. The forced laborers had to work for German armaments in the rock cellar to the left of the Tauber. In 1943, air defense measures were taken in the church due to bombs being dropped and the brewery's rock cellar was used as an air raid shelter. Since Bronnbach was relatively safe due to its seclusion, the Garbáty cigarette factory from Berlin outsourced its production there. The company VDM Halbwerkzeuge from Aschaffenburg stored documents in Bronnbach, Hinckel & Söhne used the orangery as a storage room free of charge. In the last months of the war the company Schirrmeister Feinmaschinenbau from Freiburg found refuge here, but the machines were confiscated by the Americans after their invasion.

Cultural goods were also stored in Bronnbach during the war: files from the Reichsarchiv (Frankfurt branch) in 1942 and 1943 , art and cultural goods from Cologne museums and the Cologne Cathedral in 1944, as well as archives, documents, books and more from Würzburg. The Museum of Arts and Crafts in Frankfurt also stored exhibits in Bronnbach.

post war period

During the economic boom , the character of the village changed due to the integration of the displaced , technical progress and economic structural change . In November 1960, the decision was made to close the Bronnbach elementary school, which had only moved into a new building in 1954, by April 1, 1961. At the time of the decision, 15 children were still attending school. The children from Bronnbach were then educated in Reicholzheim. The hamlet came to the city of Wertheim on January 1, 1975 as part of the formerly independent community of Reicholzheim.

Cultural monuments

The monastery buildings with the monastery church, the former station building of the train station, the Mühlkanal, the Josefsberg vineyard, the Tauberbrücke, the Schafhof courtyard and a signpost at Kreisstrasse 2822 have been listed as a whole in the Baden-Württemberg monuments book since 2003 .

Economy and Infrastructure

Viticulture

Viticulture did not come to Bronnbach through the monks, but it was significantly promoted by them. The vineyards were located not far from the monastery on Pfortenrain (today's Josefsberg), on Edelberg, on Satzenberg and above the Schafhof and on Kemmelrain. The name of the location Josefsberg comes from a wayside shrine of St. Josef, who originally stood there, and Abbot Joseph Hartmann, who had the wayside shrine built in 1720. Bronnbach had its own wine press house in the entrance area of ​​the monastery complex, in 1603 it comprised five wine presses. The 111 wine barrels that were stored in Bronnbach and Reicholzheim in 1803 had a capacity of almost 6,000 hl. The wine was sold in Wertheim and Würzburg , among other places , during the Thirty Years' War even at the Frankfurt Fair and later, around 1900, also in the Hotel Kaiserhof in Munich.

The Tauber Bridge

View along the Tauber Bridge towards Bronnbach

Pope Benedict XII. granted in documents from the years 1336 and 1339, which he issued in Avignon , an indulgence for the construction of a new wooden bridge over the Tauber . This lower five-arched bridge was then built in 1340, but it did not withstand a major flood in 1408; As a replacement for the old bridge, according to the bridge inscription in the front wall of the arch, the stone Tauber Bridge under Abbot Johannes III. Hildebrand built for allegedly 40,000 guilders. The bridge also carried a customs post for the monastery and was the only bridge in the middle and lower Taubertal to withstand all previous floods. The spans of its two wide arches (21.70 m and 22.60 m) have the largest arch spans among the Gothic bridges in Central Europe after Charles Bridge in Prague . It has a total of four arches, two of which are almost invisible. In arch one the Tauber flows, in arch two the Mühlbach (arches are counted from the embankment), in between there is an island. Their total length is 110 m. A bridge gate, possibly from the Renaissance period, was opened in the 18th and 19th centuries. Canceled in the 19th century. The statue of John Nepomuk has stood on the bridge since 1731. It was built by Abbot Engelbert in place of the crucifix that Wertheim iconoclasts destroyed in 1631 and threw into the Tauber.

In 1945 soldiers from Alsace under the leadership of their German lieutenant had received orders, among other things, to destroy the Tauber Bridge. This command was not executed.

In the fall of 1958 it was closed and renovated for a year and its lane was widened. During this renovation, a concrete box was placed in the bridge and the old filling was removed. The box should prevent water from entering the bridge so that the grouting cannot be rinsed out and there is no freezing in winter. An emergency footbridge was built over the Tauber for pedestrians.

traffic

Road traffic

railroad

View of the station building from the track side

The lower Tauberbahn was built in 1867/68. In the course of this construction work, the station was built in 1867, which, in addition to its function as a small freight station (remnants of the loading ramps are still there today), was also intended as a “princely representation station”. This was especially developed for the relatives of the princes of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, the members of the Portuguese royal family, for a proper reception, with two waiting rooms, separated into 1st class and 2nd class (nobility and middle class). The red sandstone building adapts to the monastery church opposite , in the style of historicism with a turret, gable front and, in some cases, arched windows with small columns. Mainly due to the development, but also for design reasons, the main building of the station is unusually perpendicular to the track structure. In the first month after the opening, 1,175 people were transported here and 530 quintals of goods were shipped. 499 quintals were registered in the entrance. The Fürstlich Löwensteinische Schloßbrauerei was of course one of the major customers. For many years there was a lot of activity, including loading the farmers with sugar beet. For many years the Lorenz Keller forwarding company was active as a bRfU and the Seitz company operated a bus route for schoolchildren to the train station.

According to the will of the city of Külsheim , an attempt was made from 1895 to petition the Baden state parliament to run a railway line from Walldürn via Hardheim , Schweinberg , Külsheim and Bronnbach to Wertheim in order to improve the sale of agricultural products. A connection via Königheim to Tauberbischofsheim was refused; the necessary terrain had already been made available free of charge. However, the proposed railway line was rejected by the Grand Ducal Baden Government in Karlsruhe for technical, economic and financial reasons. The difference in altitude of 107.12 m between Bronnbach and Hardheim and the double ascent and descent on the planned 25.33 km long route were particularly significant. Instead, the road to the Külsheimer Höhe from 1863 was renewed in 1905 for a better connection.

In 1995 the station came to an end, the railway rebuilt the tracks and the level crossing was train controlled. The staff was withdrawn and the operation continued on a single track.

The former station Bronnbach (Tauber) is now a stop on the route Lauda-Wertheim and today's monastery Bronnbach . At the beginning of September 2016, the old platform was dismantled and a new, 55 cm high , barrier-free platform with a tactile guide strip for the visually impaired was built over a length of 100 meters . In addition, it was converted to energy-saving lighting, a digital train destination display and a newer type of bus shelter with integrated ticket machines were built. The former station building has been preserved and is privately owned.

Biking and hiking trails

Bronnbach is located on the Taubertal Cycle Path , the Taubertal Panorama Trail and the Main-Taubertal Jakobsweg . In 2019, the European cultural route of the Archaeological Spessart Project was opened between Bronnbach, Höhefeld , Gamburg and Niklashausen . The third hiking trail in the lovely Taubertal (LT 3) with the name "Wine and Faith" leads from Wertheim via Waldenhausen and Reicholzheim to Bronnbach to the local monastery. The return is on the railway line from the station Bronnbach (Tauber) to the train station Wertheim recommended.

Other buildings and facilities

At the confluence of Schafhöfer Weg and Taubertalstrasse in the northern part of Bronnbach, there used to be the large monastery gate with a porter's apartment. After secularization, the building served as a local prison for several years until it was demolished in the course of the construction of Taubertalstrasse.

The Wertheim State Archives have been housed in the former hospital building of the monastery, which housed the castle brewery after secularization. It was founded in 1978 to house the Löwenstein Archives, which the state of Baden-Württemberg acquired in 1975. Until the move to Bronnbach, the archive was located at the court in Wertheim. Since 1988, the State Archive has been responsible for the Main-Tauber archive network housed in the same building . The archive network comprises the following archives:

  • State Archive Wertheim of the State Archive Baden-Württemberg with one joint and two Löwenstein-Wertheim line archives
  • Archive of the major district town of Wertheim with 18 community archives
  • Archive of the Main-Tauber district including Tauberbischofsheim hospital archive and 18 city and community archives

An abandoned red sand quarry can be seen on the Tauberstraße to Külsheim above the south bank of the Tauber .

Personalities

literature

  • Robert Meier: Bronnbach. A place over time. Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-025421-5 .

Web links

Commons : Bronnbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bronnbach - living space - detail page - LEO-BW. In: leo-bw.de. Retrieved May 11, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Notes from the Fries trade school teacher, Wertheim
  3. ^ Revolution in the Southwest. Sites of the democracy movement 1848/49 in Baden-Württemberg. Edited by the working group of full-time archivists in the Baden-Württemberg Association of Cities. INFO Verlag, Karlsruhe 1997, ISBN 3-88190-219-8 , pp. 725-727
  4. ↑ a b c d Robert Meier: Bronnbach. A place over time. Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-025421-5
  5. ↑ Guido Weber: Wertheimer Zeitung 50 years ago: Bronnbach elementary school before the end. In: Wertheimer Zeitung from November 19, 2010
  6. ↑ Guido Weber: Wertheimer Zeitung 50 years ago: Bronnbachers fought for their school. In: Wertheimer Zeitung of November 26, 2010
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 469 .
  8. ↑ Of unique importance. Bronnbach Monastery as a whole in the monument book  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Fränkische Nachrichten of May 12, 2003@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.fnweb.de  
  9. ^ Explanatory board of the Rotary Club Wertheim in Bronnbach
  10. ↑ A journey through time through viticulture . In: Wertheimer Zeitung from May 4, 2011
  11. ↑ Andreas Jost: The Cistercians and the Bronnbach Monastery  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, 209 kB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.dbg-wertheim.de  
  12. ↑ Guido Weber: Wertheimer Zeitung 50 years ago: 260 television sets were registered in Wertheim . In: Wertheimer Zeitung from 24./25. October 2009
  13. ↑ "The Classic" - Tourist Association of Liebliches Taubertal. In: liebliches-taubertal.de. Retrieved August 3, 2020 .
  14. ↑ 3rd day stage - Tauberbischofsheim to Wertheim - Liebliches Taubertal tourist office. In: liebliches-taubertal.de. Retrieved August 3, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Panoramaweg Taubertal - Tourist Association Liebliches Taubertal. In: liebliches-taubertal.de. Retrieved August 3, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Taubertal panorama hiking trail (long-distance hiking trail) - wanderkompass.de. In: wanderkompass.de. Retrieved August 3, 2020 .
  17. ↑ Jakobsweg Main-Taubertal (pilgrimage route) - wanderkompass.de. In: wanderkompass.de. Retrieved August 3, 2020 .
  18. ↑ Circular hiking in the Taubertal. In: liebliches-taubertal.de. Retrieved May 17, 2020 .
  19. ↑ The Main-Tauber archive network on kloster-bronnbach.de (accessed on December 28, 2015)