Postojna
Postojna Adelsberg, Postumia |
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Basic data | |||
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Country | Slovenia | ||
Historic region | Inner Carniola / Notranjska | ||
Statistical region | Primorsko-notranjska (Coastal Inner Carniola) | ||
Coordinates | 45 ° 46 ' N , 14 ° 13' E | ||
height | 554 m. i. J. | ||
surface | 269.9 km² | ||
Residents | 15,561 (2008) | ||
Population density | 58 inhabitants per km² | ||
Telephone code | (+386) 05 | ||
Post Code | 6230 | ||
License Plate | PO | ||
Structure and administration | |||
Website |
Postojna ( German Adelsberg , Italian Postumia ) is a town and a municipality in southwest Slovenia or the former crown land of Carniola with 8,513 inhabitants (2002). The entire municipality, consisting of 40 localities, has 15,561 inhabitants.
geography
Location and landscape
The city is located about 50 kilometers southwest of the capital Ljubljana (Laibach) halfway towards the Adriatic coast . Due to its location, Postojna is a stopover on the way to the holiday areas further south. It is located directly on the A1 motorway (with its own exit) and on the historic Vienna – Trieste or Rijeka railway . The Postojna Gate , a pass over the Dinaric Alps, is close to Postojna .
Due to its altitude, Postojna has a slightly cooler climate than the Adriatic coast.
history
Until 1918 the city was part of the Duchy of Carniola in Austria-Hungary . It was located on the Vienna - Marburg - Ljubljana - Trieste railway connection, which was completed in 1857 and which provided direct access for the Danube monarchy to the Adriatic for the first time from Vienna .
The openness to the world and the prosperity of the multi-ethnic state had a particular impact on Postojna. The nearby stalactite cave , which had been known for a long time, quickly became a magnet for tourists from 1820 onwards due to the discovery of new parts. With the construction of the railway from Vienna to Trieste, Postojna received a train station that multiplied the number of visitors. The city has been geared towards tourism for almost 200 years.
After the First World War , the westernmost part of Slovenia became Italian territory, so that Postojna belonged to Italy from 1918 to 1945 . At that time, Postumia was part of the province of Trieste near the border with Yugoslavia , a border that for a long time represented a kind of " front ". The Italian army built many military installations in the area, such as bunkers and tunnels , and many parts of the cave were opened up or connected by tunnels. The attempt to connect the Pivka jama , part of the Postojnska jama with the Planinska jama , failed, however. This tunnel would have crossed under the border and you would have left the cave several kilometers across the border.
After the Second World War, Postojna became part of the newly founded Yugoslav republic of Slovenia. The city quickly became a tourist destination again. The Postojnska jama ( German : Adelsberger Grotte) reached 1 million visitors per year in the 1980s.
When Slovenia declared its independence in 1991, there was a military conflict between Slovenia and the rest of Yugoslavia . Although the war ended after ten days, tourism collapsed. This was economically difficult for Postojna as the number of visitors dropped dramatically. It was only with the end of the war in Croatia that the number of visitors returned to their previous level.
There is a large campsite near Postojna, at Pivka jama (German: Poik cave).
Postojna was one of the cities in Slovenia that was hardest hit by the storm in southern Europe in 2014 . A crisis center was set up in the city. Among other things, German forces were also deployed in the village.
Caves and karst exploration
Postojna is mainly due to its 20 km long limestone cave Postojna Cave and the famous cave castle Predjama (German: Burg Lueg). The famous caves brought many prominent guests to Postojna: Emperor Franz Joseph I visited them twice, the first time in 1857, with 2,500 selected onlookers. The heads of state of Sweden, Greece, Brazil and Japan were also guests. When Postumia was Italian territory, King Victor Emmanuel III came in 1922 . Marshal Tito visited the caves twice in 1945.
Closely related to this is the Postojna Karst Institute , a department of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences. Housed in a historic building on Postojna's market square, it is one of the few institutes, and the best equipped, dedicated solely to karst research . The Acta Carsologica publication is world-class.
The Notranjski muzej Postojna (Inner Carniola Museum), founded in 1947, is also connected to the Karst. It is a collection of historical, archaeological and geological finds, and it also houses an interesting collection of historical books and documents. The collections cannot currently be viewed.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Borut Bilač (* 1965), long jumper
- Primož Brezec (* 1979), basketball player
- Ivana Hreščak (* 2000), chess player
- Sergej Kraigher (1914–2001), politician, head of state of Yugoslavia 1981–1982
- Janez Ožbolt (* 1970), biathlete
- Borut Pahor (* 1963), politician, 2008-2012 Slovenian Prime Minister, since 2012 president
- Peter von Radics (1836–1912), Austrian historian, writer, author and journalist.
- Majda Širca (* 1953), politician, Minister of Culture since 2008
- Samuel Žbogar (* 1962), politician and diplomat, Slovenian Foreign Minister since 2008
- Tamara Zidanšek (* 1997), tennis player
Personalities related to Postojna
- Franz von Hohenwart (1771–1844), naturalist, tried to develop and describe the caves
Places of the whole community
- Belsko (German Bleisgau )
- Brezje pod nanosome (German Bressiach )
- Bukovje (German book , also Kleinhall )
- Dilce ( Eng . Sorgfeld , also Delze )
- Gorenje (German Oberfeld )
- Goriče (German Karantanienberg , also Goritschach )
- Grobišče (German Grobschel )
- Hrašče (German oak village near Adelsberg )
- Hrenovice (German Krenowitz , also Sankt Martin )
- Hruševje (German Krussiach , also Chruschein )
- Koče (German Gottschach , also huts near Adelsberg )
- Landol (German Landau , also Lahnthal )
- Liplje (German Laiplach , also Lieple )
- Lohača
- Mala Brda (German Kleineck )
- Mali Otok (German Kleinwerdel )
- Malo Ubeljsko (German Kleinubliskau )
- Matenja vas (German Mautersdorf near Adelsberg , also Mathesdorff )
- Orehek (German Nussdorf near Adelsberg )
- Planina (German albums at Fulm )
- Postojna (German Adelsberg )
- Predjama (German Luegg near Adelsberg , also Lügersburg )
- Prestranek (German Prästranegg , also Mayrhoff )
- Rakitnik (German Rakitnig )
- Rakulik (German Rakulig )
- Razdrto (German Prewald )
- Sajevče (German Altenburg )
- Slavina (dt. Sly Burg , also Slauing )
- Slavinje ( Eng.Slawinach , also Slavine )
- Stara vas (German Altendorf near Adelsberg )
- Strane ( Eng . Mucken , also Streinach )
- Strmca (German Stermitz near Adelsberg )
- Studenec (German Bründl near Adelsberg )
- Studeno (Postojna) Studeno (German Studenfeld )
- Šmihel pod Nanosom (German: Sankt Michael am Königsberg )
- Velika Brda (German Grossberg )
- Veliki Otok (German Grosswerdel )
- Veliko Ubeljsko ( Ger . Großubliskau )
- Zagon (German Sagon near Adelsberg )
- Žeje (German Karlsdorf )
literature
- Peter von Radics: Adelsberg and its grottos . A topographical-historical description of the place, the grottos and the nearest sights in the area . Lloyd's Travel Guide Volume VIII, Austrian Lloyd , Triest 1861 ( Download , dlib.si).
- Dieter Schulze, Eva Missler (adaptation): Slovenia ( Baedeker travel guide ). 5th, completely revised and redesigned edition Baedeker, Ostfildern 2014, ISBN 978-3-8297-1458-7 .
Web links
- Official website of the municipality (Slovenian, English, Italian)
- Postojna Caves , showcaves.com (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ THW_20Besuch_2005.02.2014_20Seite. The whole text with picture gallery. (No longer available online.) In: laibach.diplo.de . German Embassy Ljubljana, February 5, 2014, archived from the original on June 17, 2015 ; Retrieved June 17, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Karst Research Institute ( Memento of the original from September 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Slovenian, English)
- ↑ Notranjski muzej Postojna (Slovenian, English)