Weichselberg

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Castle ruin Weichselburg (also: Weichselburg , Waihselberg , Weichselberg , Weixelburg ) Excerpt from the Carniolan cadastre of the Franciscans (1823–1869)
Pux Castle , engraving after Vischer

Weichselberg (also gentlemen, counts of Weichselberg , Waihselberg , Weichselberg , Weixelburg, later more Weichselburg ; Slovenian: Gospodje , also grofje Višnjegorski , named after Višnja Gora ) is the name of a noble family with ancestral seat in the Lower Carniola . They were raised to the rank of count in the 12th century and were already extinguished in the 13th century or were inherited by those of Pranckh (noble family) . The noble family is the Ukrainian branch of the von Puchs (noble family) (also Pux, Pris, Puxer) with the Styrian family castle Puchs (Pux) . Others see the family as the descendants of an old Salzburg noble family called Pries or de Patris ( de Pux ).

history

origin

Picturesque views from Carniola - Weichselburg

The noble family came from a sideline of the Margravine Hemma von Gurk . The brothers Dietrich , Heinrich and Meinhalm thus belong to the so-called Hemma-Askuin clan . Before the Lords of Weichselberg settled in Krain, they were called Puchs ( Pux , also Pris ), so named after their ancestral castle Puchs (Pux), located in Styria near Teufenbach on the upper reaches of the Mur . At the beginning of the 11th century the family was divided into the Styrian (Heinrich) and the Carniolan branch (Dietrich and Meinhalm). The latter were now called von Weichselberg after their new headquarters in Lower Carniola . However, the title of count was only awarded to Albert von Weichselberg († 1209) in recognition of his participation in the Third Crusade (1189–1192). According to others, the Lords of Weichselberg are said to be descendants of an old Salzburg noble family called Pries or de Patris ( de Pux ); the brothers Heinrich, Dietrich and Meinhalm are mentioned.

Merits

Two great services are attributed to the Lords of Weichselberg: The brothers Heinrich ( Henricus ), Dietrich ( Dietericus ) and Meinhalm ( Megenhalmus ) von Weichselberg made the foundation of the Sittich ( Stična ) monastery possible by donating large estates, which served as the first economic basis was made available, and the extension of the borders of Carniola to the southeast to the river Kulpa (Slovenian Kolpa, Croatian Kupa) and the Uskokengebirge as well as the colonization of these areas.

Endowment of the parakeet monastery

The Parakeet Monastery was founded by the Patriarch of Aquileia Peregrin (deed of foundation: 1136). Dietrich von Weichselberg was the patron and protector of the original parish of St. Veit ( Šentvid ), located just under two kilometers east of the planned building site , from where the first monks had operated since around 1132. It was not until later, in 1145 and 1152, that the Weichselbergers became benefactors of parakeets: in 1145, the aforementioned brothers Dietrich, Heinrich and Meinhalm donated some Huben to the monastery, and in 1152 Countess Emma von Weichselberg (identical to Hemma von Friesach, the wife of Wolfrad von Treffen ) with the Consent of their brothers Heinrich and Meinhalm das Allod Babindorf ( Bodendorf west of Murau ) with the surrounding areas ( "totum allodum meum dominicale in loco qui dicitur Babindorf cum omnibus servis et ancillis [...]" ) and their brother Henricus Brisi and his wife Liebyrc the Allod Radolfsdorf ( "allodium quod dicitur Radolfsdorf" ). The relationship between Count Albert von Weichselberg († 1209), Meinhalm's son, and the monastery does not seem to have been particularly friendly, he is said to have caused considerable damage to the monastery.

Territory gain

The second action was not entirely due to the Weichselbergers either. At the beginning of the 12th century, the border between the Windische Mark and the Mark Krain with Hungary and Croatia ran along the upper reaches of the Gurk and north of the Uskoken Mountains. Around 1127 (-1131) the Weichselbergers, together with Bernhard von Trixen from Spanheim and the troops of the Archdiocese of Salzburg, launched an offensive against Hungary and Croatia, whose armed forces they crossed the Kulpa and Bregana rivers (south of the Sichelberg and the Sichelberg, the Žumberak Mountains) ) pushed back. From the areas conquered by the Counts of Weichselberg in the borders of Poljanska Gora in the west, along the Kulpa to the western foothills of the Uskoken Mountains in the east, the White Mark (also White Carniola , Bela krajina , County Möttling , see Metlika ) arose .

Lapse and aftermath

Count Albert was the last male representative of his sex. His son (Albert?) Likely died at a young age and before his father. Albert's daughter Sophie († 1256 in the Admont Monastery ) thus became the heiress of the huge Allode, who with her marriage (1207) to Heinrich von Andechs-Meran , Margrave of Istria , now fell to the Andechs family. Vistula vassals now became those of the Andechs-Meranians . Including Meichau (Štih, p. 136). After Heinrich's death (1228), the Weichselberg inheritance came through Heinrich's brother Otto and his daughter Agnes, first to Duke Friedrich II of Austria , the last Babenberger , and then to Duke Ulrich III. , the last Spanheimer to rule in Carinthia , and then to the Bohemian King Ottokar II and, after 1276, to the Habsburgs . The Styrian possessions, especially the family castle Pux, came to the Pranckh family through the marriage of the heiress Anna von Pux.

Side branch: Counts of Schönberg

Schönberg Castle (Grad Šumberk), to Valvasor
Ruins of the former Schönberg Castle (Grad Šumberk), 2014

Schönberg Castle ( Grad Šumberk ), today some remains of the wall, once a mighty castle in Lower Carniola southwest of Treffen ( Trebnje ), was also owned by the Puchser or the Lords of Weichselberg, if not their foundation. In the period from 1141 until after 1181 a Meginhardus de Sconenberge (Meinhard von Schönberg) appears in a document who resided on Schönberg. The new seat in Lower Carniola was named after Schönberg Castle, a Puchser castle west of Judenburg . Meinhard von Schönberg also called himself von Schwarzenburg , after a property in Istria that was previously owned by the Counts of Weimar-Orlamünde , as well as “comes Meynardus de Hystria”. He was also Vogt of the Church of Parenzo ( Poreč on the Croatian Adriatic coast) and tenant of Mitterburg ( Pazin , it. Pisino ) in Istria . Meinhard, who died between 1183 and 1186, had two daughters. Mathilde "comitissa de Pysino" was with Count Engelbert III. von Gorizia married, whereby the Gorizia also got the title of Vogtes von Parenzo and Mitterburg. But Schönberg fell back to the Puchser and Count Albert von Weichselberg.

Property in Carniola

The extensive possessions ( allodes ) of the Weichselbergers lay scattered in a wide strip that ran in the northwest of Littai ( slo : Litija ), Weichselberg ( Višnja Gora ) and the upper reaches of the Gurk ( Krka ) and in the southeast to the southern and southwestern foothills of the Uskoken Mountains ( Gorjanci ) was enough. On the castles of the Weichselbergers sat their castle captains and ministerials, who also named themselves after the respective rulers:

  • Breitenau Castle (Krain) ( Dvor Zalog, also Braijtenav ) near Rudolfswerth ( Novo mesto ) (ASl 170 B2),
  • Hohenau Castle (Krain),
  • Hopfenbach Castle ( Grad Hmeljnik , ASl 171 A1) near Karteljevo ,
  • Kronau (Krain) ( Dvor Kronovo , ASl 172 A1),
  • Lichtenberg Castle (Krain) ( Grad Prapreče , ASl 148 A2),
  • Maichau Castle ( Grad Mehovo , ASl 189 B1),
  • Nassenfues Castle ( Grad Mokronog / Mokro polje , ASl 172 A1 / 2),
  • Neudegg Castle (Krain) ( Grad Mirna , ASl 151 A2),
  • Prečna (ASl 171 A2),
  • Preissegg Castle ( Grad Prežek , ASl 172 B2),
  • Reutenburg Castle ( Grad Čretež , ASl 152),
  • Blindenbach Castle (also Grad Plintenpach , Slepschek , Slepčjek or Slepšek, ASl 152 A2) and
  • Weichselberg Castle ( Grad Višnja Gora , ASl 148 B2),
  • Wördl Castle ( Grad Otočec , ASl 171 B1)
  • Werneck Castle ( Grad Verneck )

genealogy

Askuin (Asquin, Aschwin), lived around 1050, relative of Margravine Hemma, hereditary Vogt of Gurk (Carinthia)

NN
1. Count Werigand von Windischgraz , Vogt von Gurk until 1130, † around 1147
1. Heinrich Pris von Puchs, 1105–1165, ⚭ Liebyrch (ancestral parents of Schärfenberg )
2. Dietrich (Theoderich), around 1136
3. Mainhalm de Chraina (von Krain), 1136, probably did not return from the crusade 1145–49, ⚭ Sophie
1. Albert , owner of Weichselberg since 1156, † 1209
1st son (Albert?) Died early,
2. Sophie , heiress, † Admont 1254, ⚭ 1207 Heinrich von Andechs , Margrave of Istria, † 1228 (son of Berthold IV. Von Andechs, Duke of Meranien , † 1204, and Agnes von Rochlitz)
4. Emma (1141–1163), ⚭ 1152 Count Wolfrad von Treffen , † around 1180
1. Ulrich II von Treffen
2. Ulrich, around 1097
3. Starchand, Vogt von Gurk 1130–1141, Margrave an der Sann

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the barons Pranckh zu Pux , heirs of those von Weichselberg , formerly Pux, after Zacharias Bartsch (Styrian Wappenbuch (1567), plate 57)

Coat of arms history : The coat of arms of the Barons von Pranckh zu Pux was created through the marriage between Friedrich von Pranckh and Anna von Pux. It was united in 1628 by diploma from Emperor Ferdinand II . The increased coat of arms is quartered. In fields 1 and 4 there is the family coat of arms of the von Pranckh family. In fields 2 and 3 there are three silver lance tips in red on the right (the boar feathers of those von Pux). The second helmet (that of Pux) has a closed flight on red-silver blankets, covered with three silver, inclined lance tips . In parts of their coat of arms, the Counts of Pranckh zu Pux also symbolically carry three silver lance tips of those von Pux, which are slanted to the right , in red . The 1st helmet accordingly has a closed flight with three silver, inclined lance tips .

See also

literature

  • Jože M. Grebenc: Gospodarska ustanovitev Stične ali njena dotacija leta 1135 (economic equipment or endowment of the parakeet monastery in 1135), Samostan Stična (parakeet monastery) 1973,
  • Dušan Kos: Bela Krajina v poznem srednjem veku (The White Mark in the Late Middle Ages) , Ljubljana 1987,
  • Peter Štih: Goriški grofje ter njihovi ministeriali in militi v Istri in na Kranjskem , Ljubljana 1997
  • Peter Štih: Studies on the History of the Counts of Görz - The Ministerials and Milites of the Counts of Görz in Istria and Carniola , R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Vienna-Munich 1996
  • Majda Smole: Graščine na nekdanjem Kranjskem (The manors in the former Carniola) , Ljubljana 1982,
  • Ivo Pirkovič: Neznana zgodovina slovenskih Orehovnikov-Gracarjev (Unknown history of the Slovenian Nussberg-Grätzer) , in Dolenjski zbornik (Lower Carniolan anthology) 1985 , Novo mesto (Rudolphswert) 1985,

References and footnotes

  1. ^ Gams: Regest and wording 1152 Babindorf and Radolfsdorf
  2. ↑ Seeau Foundation, Pranckh zu Pux
  3. ↑ ASl = Atlas Slovenije , scale 1: 50,000, Ljubljana edition, 1985; the letter and number combinations designate the pages in the atlas and the field where the named object is located: e.g. B. 170 B2 : page 170, field B2
  4. ↑ a b Heraldry: Photos of coats of arms in an architectural context, documentation and database. Retrieved September 2, 2019 .
  5. ↑ a b .... . .: ..: | Seeau Foundation | Ancestral family Prankh. Retrieved September 2, 2019 .