Poreč

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Poreč
Parenzo
coat of arms
coat of arms 		flag
flag
Poreč (Croatia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 45 ° 13 ′ 38 "  N , 13 ° 35 ′ 43"  E
Basic data
State : Croatian flag Croatia
County : Flag of Istria County Istria
Height : 0  m. i. J.
Area : 139  km²
Residents : 16,696 (2011)
Population density : 120 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+385) 052
Postal code : 52 440
License plate : PU
Boat registration : PO
Structure and administration
(status: 2018)
Community type : city
Mayor : Loris Peršurić ( IDS / DDI )
Postal address : Obala Maršala Tita 5
52 440 Poreč
Website :
HR -Porec2.JPG
Port of Poreč

The city of Poreč [ ˈpɔrɛtʃ ] ( Croatian ) or Parenzo ( Italian ; historical Latin Parens or Parentium ; historical German name: Parenz ) is one of the most important coastal cities on the west coast of the Istrian peninsula in Croatia , next to Rovinj (Rovigno) and the urban center Pula (Pola). The city has 16,696 inhabitants (as of 2011). Probably the most important building in Poreč is the bishop's building with the Euphrasian basilica , which has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List . The city is also the seat of the Catholic diocese of Poreč-Pula .

Geography and economy

Poreč is located on a narrow peninsula, which is protected by the offshore small island Sveti Nikola ( San Nicolo , St. Nikolai). Together with neighboring and partially integrated municipalities, it forms the largest and most diverse tourist center in Istria. In the summer months the population rises to 70,000.

The red soil in the vicinity of Poreč, which is very fertile with sufficient irrigation, is used very intensively for agriculture. Fruits, vegetables, but above all wine are cultivated. The old native varieties such as the yellow to greenish-yellow Malvasia and the red Teran are increasingly being sacrificed to modern vines. A high quality olive oil is produced north of Poreč, in the Tar-Vabriga area .

From 1902 to 1935, Parenzo was the provisional endpoint of the Trieste – Parenzo local railway for better transport connections to the hinterland. Today, this 153 km long route serves as a cycle path.

history

The area was settled very early, as is shown by finds from the Neolithic and the Bronze Age . Around 800 BC The Illyrian tribe of the Histrians settled in this area, and the first sheltered harbor was probably built around this time. The settlement center of the Histrians, who also gave the peninsula its name, was in Nesactium , near Pula.

Around 100 BC BC the Romans succeeded in defeating the Histrer. In Parentium they set up a fortified camp ( castrum ), in the vicinity of which a Roman civil settlement ( oppidum ) developed very quickly and finally received the rank of colony ( Colonia Iulia Parentium ) under Emperor Tiberius . The main features of the planned layout with the two main streets Decumanus and Cardo Maximus as well as the forum in the center have been preserved to this day.

In the 4th century AD, a naval base of the Venetian fleet ( classis Venetum ) was established there to protect the Adriatic coastal waters . After the Great Migration , Parentium came under Eastern Roman rule for about 250 years from AD 539 . The city's most famous building, the Euphrasian Basilica, dates from this era . The UNESCO declared the church and its outbuildings in 1997 for World Heritage .

Poreč on the map of Istria

In 788 the city fell under Frankish rule. The Patriarchate of Aquileia ruled for a short time from 1232 until Venice took the city in 1267 and held it in its possession until the end of the Doge Republic in 1797. The current building stock was largely built during this time, but a great deal was destroyed by bombing during World War II.

Page from Bernhard von Breidenbach's travel book : Sanctae peregrinationes, illustrated and printed in Mainz by Erhard Reuwich, February 11, 1486

In 1354 a Genoese fleet took Parenzo, plundered it and set it on fire. The bones of the city patron St. Maurus were also stolen. In 1440 the city was hit by a severe earthquake. a. the basilica was damaged.

Frequent plague epidemics depopulated Parenzo more and more, so that at the end of the 17th century the city had hardly more than 100 inhabitants.

In the 18th century and during the Austrian rule from 1797 and 1815, Parenzo recovered both economically and in terms of population, but the preponderance of Italian-speaking residents at that time was even greater than in previous epochs. Last but not least, the decisions of the Istrian parliament meeting in Parenzo also contributed to this . The parliament, dominated by the Italian-speaking upper class, unilaterally preferred Italian as the school language in all Istrian cities, including Parenzo. Croatian was not used in administration for a long time. The Austrian census of 1900 determined that Parenzo had 3390 citizens with Italian and 13 Slovenian mother tongues, while Croats were not represented at all.

After the collapse of the Danube Monarchy in 1918, Parenzo was part of Italy until the end of World War II . In 1944 there was a heavy Allied air raid. In 1945 the Yugoslav partisans moved into the city, which was accompanied by the flight and expulsion of many Italian-speaking residents. In the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 , Yugoslavia was confirmed to be in possession of all of Istria and thus also Parenzos (henceforth Poreč). The city was added to the Republic of Croatia .

Poreč, on the right in the background the island of Sveti Nikola
Panorama of the city of Poreč, taken from the island of Sveti Nikola at the blue hour.

tourism

In 1907 the Austrian Riviera Joint-Stock Company was established in Istria , the purpose of which was to promote construction, communications and industries in Istria and Dalmatia . After the opening of the Hotel Riviera in Pola in 1907, the company opened a hotel of the same name in Parenzo in the spring of 1910, which took into account the fact that the city of Parenzo had previously lacked an inn of higher standards . The hotel at the westernmost point of the peninsula now operates as the Grand Hotel Palazzo ( ). World icon

Attractions

Northern defense tower (Obrambena kula), 1473
Pentagonal tower (Peterokutna kula), 1447
Round Tower (Serenissima Kula / Torre rotondo), 1474

The most famous sight of Poreč is the Euphrasian Basilica in the northern part of the peninsula and the surrounding complex of church buildings (baptistery, bishop's palace, etc.).

From the former medieval city ​​fortifications with eleven towers , built between the 12th and 16th centuries, three towers are still preserved today:

  • the north tower , built in 1473 by the then governor Francesco Bondulimier. In the vicinity of the tower there are still remnants of the former city wall.
  • the pentagonal tower , built in 1447 by the governor Nicolo Lion. There is a relief of a Venetian lion on the tower. The tower, which is half-open in the upper part, has been home to a restaurant together with the neighboring building since the three-year renovation completed in 1994.
  • the Round Tower (Serenissima), built in 1474 by the city administrator Pietro de Mula. The tower can be climbed and there has been a bar on the tower's terrace since 2001 (Torre Rotondo).

The west-east running main street Decumanus Corso is not only the shopping and promenade, it is also where most of the historical buildings and sights are located.

The Trg / Piazza Marafor (forum square), which was originally called the Roman Forum from Roman times , is a small square with remains (parts of the walls and foundations) of Roman temples. The original Roman paving of the square was preserved and is visible in some places. To the west of the park at the end of the main street Decumanus are the remains of two Roman temples. The Temple of Mars (also called Great Temple) was once one of the largest temples in Istria at the beginning of the 1st century. The remaining ruins of the Neptune Temple , including the stone pillars, also date from the 1st century.

The Romanesque House (Romanička kuća / Casa Romana) is a building in Romanesque style . It was built in the 13th century. A striking feature of the building is the protruding wooden balcony, as well as the exterior stone staircase and the stone fountain from the 15th century in front of the staircase. It also has a biforium and a monolithic archivolt .

There are several Gothic buildings along the Decumanus Corso on Trg Matije Gupca , such as the Gothic building complex (Kompleks gotičkih kuća), the Zuccato Palace (Palazzo Zucatto), where there is now an art gallery, and two other buildings from the 15th century. Century (Gotička kuća).

The Palazzo Polesini (1896), west of the Trg / Piazza Marafor and today used as a hotel, and the Palais Sinčič (1729) on the Decumanus Corso are two late Gothic aristocratic residences. The latter houses the Poreština Museum of Local History, which opened in 1884 (but has been closed for several years) , with prehistoric, ancient and medieval collections.

Worth seeing examples of late Romanesque architecture are the canons' house , built in the middle of the 13th century, and the one-story house of the two saints , built in the 14th and 15th centuries, with the relief figures of the two saints on the outer wall.

Along the Hafenstrasse, the Riva-Obala marsaia tita , stands the theater building from 1886, with a striking sculpture on the roof and the two reliefs of the coat of arms of Poreč on the facade. Immediately adjacent, separated by a small park with a monument, is the town hall from 1909, built by the architects Ruggero Berlam and Arduino Berlam from Trieste.

In the far west of the peninsula of the historic old town of Poreč stands the Church of Our Lady (Crkva Gospe od Anđela) , built from 1743 to 1770 in neoclassical style, in front of a large square .

The Landtagspalast (Sabornica), built in the 13th century as a Gothic church (Franciscan Church) and redesigned in Baroque style in the 18th century, is now used as a hall for concerts and exhibitions. The state parliament of Istria met here until the end of the 19th century.

  • Mosaic above the portal to the Euphrasian Basilica in Poreč

  • Entrance portal of the basilica

  • Main square with Liebfrauenkirche

  • Romanesque house, 13th century

  • Gothic House (Gotička kuća lion), 1473

  • Gothic building complex (Kompleks gotičkih kuća), 15th century

  • Zuccato Palace (Palazzo Zucatto), 15th century

  • Town Hall (Gradska palača / municipio)

  • The Church of Our Lady of the Angels in the main city square

Sports

The handball club RK Porec plays its home games in the occasion of the World Handball Championship for Men 2009 built Žatika Sport Center from.

The UCI one-day race Poreč Trophy has been held annually since 2000 . In addition to the one-day race, the subsequent Istrian Spring Trophy tour is also an annual guest in Poreč.

Folk festivals

Several folk festivals are celebrated in Poreč. The Day of the city Poreč on 30 April, held a holiday in the sporting and cultural events and entertainment programs. Mandalenjina on the last Sunday of July is a traditional folk festival and religious celebration in honor of St. Magdalena in Višnjan (Visignano). Rokova on August 16 is also a folk festival and a religious celebration on the occasion of the holiday of Sveti Rok (San Rocco, Eng. Sankt Rochus), the protector of the place Nova Vas (Villa Nova). Mavrova on November 21 is a religious celebration in the churches of Poreč on the occasion of the holiday of St. Mauro , the city's patron saint. On this day, sporting events and entertainment programs take place on Trg Slobode ( Piazza della Libertà , "Freedom Square").

Administrative units

According to the statute of March 28, 2013, the administrative municipality of Poreč - Parenzo consists of the following municipal divisions: Antonci, Baderna - Mompaderno, Banki - Banchi, Bašarinka - Balzarini, Blagdanići, Bonaci - Bonazzi, Bratovići - Bratovici, Brčići, Bučervi - Cancini, Červičervi , Červar - Porat, Čuši - Ciussi, Dekovići, Dračevac - Monspinoso, Filipini, Fuškulin - Foscolino, Garbina - Garbina, Jakići Gornji - Iachic, Jasenovica - Frassineto, Jehnići, Jurimenići - Jurici, Kadakumi, Katuninoćiž Kukci, Ladrovići - Ladroni Matulini - Mattulini, Mičetići, Mihatovići, Mihelići, Montižana - Montisana, Mugeba - Monghebbo, Musalež, Nova Vas - Villanova, Poreč - Parenzo, Radmani, Radoši kod Žbandaja - Radossi - Rupena, Rupeni - Raceni Ružići - Rossi, Stancija Vodopija - Stanzia Bevilaqua, Starići - Starici, Stranići kod Nove Vasi, Šeraje - Seraie, Štifanići - Stifanici, Susnjici - Susnici, Valkarin - Valcarin, Veleniki, Vrvari - Barbari, Vežnaveri - Vesnaveri, Žband aj .

(according to Statute grada Poreča / Statuto della città di Parenzo , Article 2)

Town twinning

This section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
Receipts f. Massa Lombarda and Siófok are missing
  • Other relationships:
    • Czech RepublicCzech RepublicDistrict Prague 6 , Czech Republic, friendship since 2012

Sons and daughters

literature

  • Ranieri Mario Cossàr: Parentium, art historical guide through Parenzo with views and city map , 1926
  • Milan Prelog: Poreč. Degree i spomenici . Kolarcev Narodni Univ (ersität), Beograd 1957, OBV .
  • Giuseppe Pavanello (Ed.): Istria città maggiori. Capodistria, Parenzo, Pirano, Pola. Opere d'arte dal Medioevo all'Ottocento . Studi e ricerche d'arte veneta in Istria e Dalmazia, Volume 2, ZDB -ID 2180658-5 . Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 2001.
  • Egmont Strigl: discover Istria. On the way between Poreč, Pula and Opatija . Trescher, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-89794-048-5 .
  • Antun Travirka: Istria . ( History, culture, artistic heritage ). Forum, Zadar 2006, ISBN 953-179-468-5 , ISBN 953-179-474-X .

Web links

Commons : Poreč  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Croatian Bureau of Statistics: Census 2011 Population Census 2011
  2. ^ Hans DL Viereck: The Roman fleet, Classis Romana. Köhlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg 1996, p. 258. ISBN 3-930656-33-7 . P. 257
  3. ↑ The Hotel Riviera in Parenzo. Built according to the plans of the architects (Z.-V.) kk Baurat F [ranz] Freiherr von [on] Krauss and J [osef] Tölk . In: Journal of the Austrian Association of Engineers and Architects . No. 1/1910. Vienna 1910, p. 1 f., Panel I. - full text online (PDF; 45 MB) .
  4. ↑ a b c d Poreč / Parenzo: Info . Poreč / Parenzo City Tourist Office, 2008.
  5. ↑ Armin Rösl: It's official now: Poing and Porec are friends . In: Merkur.de , December 17, 2012, accessed on October 21, 2017.
  6. ↑ Poreč . Prague 6 City District Office website, accessed October 21, 2017.
  7. ↑ Nicolò Perusino. In: Sikart , accessed January 15, 2016.