Landtag (Austria-Hungary)

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Diets consisted of the crown lands of the Empire of Austria and in 1867 the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary at the latest by 1861, since 1910 also in Austria and Hungary co-managed country Bosnia and Herzegovina . In 1918 they were dissolved in favor of the new parliaments of the successor states and only survived as state parliaments in the Republic of Austria . In South Tyrol , the South Tyrolean Landtag and the Trentino Landtag were established in 1972 on the basis of the Statute of Autonomy .

The Parliament of the Kingdom of Hungary , called the Landtag until 1867 , has been called the Reichstag again since the Compromise of 1867 , the Parliament of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia , a country of the Hungarian crown, historically always traded as Sabor .

Organization and competencies

The state parliaments were traditional assemblies of estates until 1848 . They were dissolved by Emperor Franz Joseph I after the revolution in 1848 and only convened in a new form after 1860: The eleven state orders of the 13 non-Hungarian crown lands (the three crown lands combined in the coastal land until 1861 received a comprehensive state order) were dated February 26, 1861 Emperor issued in the form of annexes to an imperial patent, which became common among lawyers and historians as the February patent to easily distinguish it from the October diploma of 1860 and the December constitution of 1867.

Since 1861, some members had their seat qua office (for example bishops), others were elected: Some representatives of the "wealthy nobility and other large landed property" by election within the country table and the county , the representatives of the princely cities in their city council, the representatives of the other municipalities in district- wide elections, and the representatives of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry also internally - partly in guaranteed sovereign elections, partly as a list of proposals to the governor (state chief) .

However, there was no general and equal suffrage, but a mixture of privilege and census suffrage , at least only for men. The model of the Reichsrat , which introduced the general, equal and direct male suffrage in 1907, was not copied in the state parliaments until 1918.

A special case was the country Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was neither part of the Austrian nor the Hungarian half of the empire and was administered by the joint ( kuk ) Ministry of Finance. A separate state parliament was only formed here in 1910 after the area, which had already been occupied in 1878, was formally annexed in 1908 .

The state parliaments had the right to enact laws on education, social welfare and economic issues. The laws required the imperial approval ("sanction"), which had to be obtained from the country chief , and the announcement in the respective state law gazette in order to be valid.

Each state parliament elected the state committee from among its members as the executive committee or as the autonomous government of the crown land. The provincial committee was chaired by the provincial chairman appointed by the emperor (governor; in Lower Austria, Bohemia and Galicia: land marshal). He was opposed to the kk Landeschef (governor or state president) as a representative of the emperor and the kk government in Vienna.

In German Austria , the state parliaments of the monarchy were dissolved in November 1918 and initially replaced by provisional state assemblies until the federal constitution came into force on November 10, 1920 ; In addition to the successors to the historic state parliaments, there were two new ones: 1920 for the State of Vienna , 1921/1922 for the new Burgenland . For the transitional regulations, see here .

List of state parliaments

According to the Imperial Constitution of 1861, later named the February patent, there were state parliaments in the following countries and areas:

Members column: (in brackets: the size prescribed in 1861)
Column g. : given (ref)
Map of the crown lands of Austria-Hungary
1 Bohemia 2 Bukowina 3 Carinthia 4 Carniola 5 Dalmatia 6 Galicia and Lodomeria
7 Austrian coastal region until 1861, then the city ​​of Trieste with its territory , Istria as well as Gorizia and Gradisca
8 Austria under the Enns 9 Moravia 10 Salzburg 11 Silesia 12 Styria 13 Tyrol
14 Austria on the Enns 15 Vorarlberg 16 Hungary (from 1867 Reichstag)
17 Croatia and Slavonia (Sabor) 18 Bosnia and Herzegovina
No. Crown land Negotiating
languages 		co-
members 		G.
08th Austria under the Enns German 066
14th Austria above the Enns German 050
10 Salzburg German 026 (20)
12 Styria German 063 (39)
03 Carinthia German 037 (33)
04th Carniola German and Slovenian 037
07th Trieste (1) Italian 054
07th Istria (1) Italian 030th
07th Gorizia and Gradisca (1) Italian 022nd
13 Tyrol German and Italian 068 (56)
15th Vorarlberg (2) German 020th
01 Bohemia German and Czech 241
09 Moravia German and Czech 100
11 Silesia German 031
06th Galicia (3) Polish 150
02 Bucovina German, Ukrainian and Romanian 030th
05 Dalmatia Croatian and Italian 043
18th Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbian, Croatian and German 092
(1)until 1861 under constitutional law, until 1918 unofficially summarized as coastal land ; common kk governor in Trieste and common law gazette (but not common laws): Triester Landtag was the city council (§ 1 RGBl. Nr. 20/1861, Blg. 2i); Landtag of Gorizia-Gradiska in Gorizia , of Istria in Parenzo (§ 9 ibid.); From 1861, the three crown lands sent a total of six members to the Reichsrat
(2) was subordinate to the governor in Innsbruck responsible for Tyrol and Vorarlberg
(3) Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria with the Grand Duchy of Krakow

See also

literature

  • Helmut Rumpler , Peter Urbanitsch (ed.): The Habsburg Monarchy 1848–1918. Volume VII / 1: Constitution and Parliamentarism. The regional representative bodies. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-7001-2869-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historical legal sources on the website of the Austrian National Library ( Memento of the original from October 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alex.onb.ac.at
  2. ↑ Law of May 19, 1868 on the establishment of political administrative authorities, RGBl. No. 44/1868 (= p. 76)
  3. ^ Georg Schmitz: organs and working methods, structures and services of the state representations. In: Helmut Rumpler, Peter Urbanitsch (ed.): The Habsburg Monarchy 1848–1918. Volume VII / 1: Constitution and Parliamentarism. The regional representative bodies. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-7001-2869-X , p. 1360.
  4. ^ Imperial Constitution 1861 , RGBl. No. 20/1861 (= p. 69, EReader, ALEX Online )
  5. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2a
  6. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2 B
  7. ↑ RGBl. No. 238/1860 ; 20/1861, Blg. 2c
  8. ↑ clergy: 6 (§§ 3 A, 9); Nobility and landed property: 9 (§ 10); Cities: 10 (§§ 3 C, 11): Chambers: 2 (§§ 3 C, 11); other municipalities: 12 (§ 12)
  9. ↑ RGBl. No. 227/1860 ; 20/1861, Blg. 2f
  10. ↑ clergy: 5 (§§ 3); Nobility and landed property: 8 (§ 4); Cities: 6 (§ 6): Chambers: 2 (§ 7); other municipalities: 12 (§ 8)
  11. ↑ RGBl. No. 232/1860 ; 20/1861, Blg. 2g
  12. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2h
  13. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2i
  14. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2i
  15. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2i
  16. ↑ RGBl. No. 254/1860 ; 20/1861, Blg. 2d
  17. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2e
  18. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2l
  19. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2m
  20. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2n
  21. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2o
  22. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2p
  23. ↑ RGBl. No. 20/1861, Blg. 2k
  24. ↑ GBl.f.BH No. 19/1910 , Section II. The Landtag Sections 21-40