Kingdom of Dalmatia

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Kingdom of Dalmatia
Crown land of the Austrian Monarchy (1797–1804)
Austrian Empire (1804–1867)
Austria-Hungary (1867–1918)
1797-1918
Flag of the Kingdom of Dalmatia.svg
Three golden crowned leopard heads in the blue field.
Form of government monarchy
Capital Zadar
Split
Today part of Croatia
Montenegro
history
  • Creation 1797
  • Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 1918

The kingdom of Dalmatia on the Adriatic was an Austrian crown land from 1797 until the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918, with one interruption in 1805–1814/1815 . The state capital was Zara, today's Zadar .

development

Emergence

The Kingdom of Dalmatia in Austria-Hungary (No. 5)

After the end of the Republic of Venice as a result of the occupation of Venice by Napoléon Bonaparte's troops , the Venetian possessions on the east coast of the Adriatic as well as most of the rest of the Venetian territory were annexed to Austria by the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797. The Austrian crown land of Dalmatia arose from the Venetian possessions in Dalmatia and on the Bay of Kotor . It stretched from the island of Rab and Karlobag in the north to Budva in the south. The maritime city-state of Dubrovnik was able to retain its independence at that time.

After the conquest by Napoleon Bonaparte's troops , the country was annexed to France with the Peace of Pressburg in 1805 and formed part of its Illyrian provinces . In 1814/15, after the Congress of Vienna, the entire region, now including the area of ​​the former Republic of Ragusa, fell back to Austria. The crown land now extended to Spizza (today's Sutomore ) near Bar (Montenegro) .

From 1815 to 1867

A fortress was built on the Prevlaka peninsula to militarily control shipping traffic into the Bay of Kotor . After the revolutionary events in 1849, Dalmatia was temporarily subordinated to the Ban of Croatia . In the conflict with the Slavic majority population, the Dalmatian state parliament , dominated by the Italian-speaking ruling class, tried to keep Dalmatia in the union of the Austrian provinces. Only the Slavic National Party demanded in an address given to the emperor on October 9, 1861, the restoration of the triune kingdom of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia , for which they claimed the same independence with regard to the Austrian state association that Hungarians had until the revolution of 1848 / 49 had owned.

Austro-Hungarian equalization

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Croatia-Slavonia remained as an autonomous country part of the Hungarian half of the empire , while Dalmatia became part of Cisleithania and thus remained with Austria. Contrary to the wishes of the Croatian majority, there was no formal union with the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia. The ongoing political separation remained a point of political conflict until the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy.

In Austrian Dalmatia, Italian was initially still used as the official language , as it was under Venetian rule . Between the 1870s and 1880s, the Croatian or Serbian language became the business language of the Dalmatian state parliament after South Slavic parties had won a majority there. As the external official language of the state authorities during this period, Croatian or Serbian was equated with Italian , but the internal official language of the state authorities remained exclusively Italian until shortly before the First World War . In the German-language texts of the Austrian central authorities, too, it remained common to use the Italian-language forms for Dalmatian toponyms (place names).

population

Population groups according to official (Austrian) statistics:

1851 1869 1880 1890 1900 1910
Croatians and Serbs 378,676 (96.18%) 384,180 (83.77%) 440,282 (92.48%) 501,307 (95.05%) 565,276 (95.20%) 610,669 (94.58%)
Italian 13,701 (3.48%) 55,020 (11.99%) 27,305 (5.74%) 16,000 (3.03%) 15,279 (2.57%) 18,028 (2.79%)
total 393.715 458.611 476.101 527.426 593.784 645,666

Religious composition according to the 1900 census:
Roman Catholic: 496,558 (83.66%)
Orthodox: 96,279 (16.21%)
Israelite: 334 (0.06%)

diocese

Legislation, administration

The higher political authority in Dalmatia was the Lieutenancy in Zara (Zadar), where there was also a higher regional and regional court. There were also three district courts and 33 district courts. The population was spread over 81 local parishes with 841 localities. The political division took place in district authorities.

District Commission surface Inhabitants (1900)
Benkovac / Bencovazzo 1581 km² 38,481
Cattaro / Kotor 674 km² 37.096
Curzola / Korčula 590 km² 27,352
Imoski / Imotski 646 km² 36,737
Knin / Tenin 1408 km² 51,608
Lesina / Hvar 413 km² 28.005
Macarsca / Makarska 538 km² 25,588
Metkovic / Metković 384 km² 14,160
Ragusa / Dubrovnik 778 km² 40,939
Sebenico / Šibenik 962 km² 51.293
Sinj / Signo 1336 km² 52,516
Split / Spalato 1889 km² 114,687
Zara / Zadar 1636 km² 75,322

Others

Due to the poor soil conditions, this crown land was the poorest in the Danube monarchy .

literature

  • Ignaz de Luca: Illyria: The Kingdom of Dalmatia. In: Geographisches Handbuch von dem Oestreichischen Staats. 4th volume Ungern, Illyria, and Transylvania. Verlag JV Degen, Vienna 1791, pp. 427-440 ( Google eBook ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Meyers Konversationslexikon, fourth edition, 1885-1892, vol. 4, sv Dalmatien
  2. ↑ http://anno.onb.ac.at/ors.htm
  3. ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 4. Leipzig 1906, pp. 428-430, sv Dalmatien