Haleswiessee

Haleswiessee
Haleswiessee (May 2019)
Geographical location	Schafberg Group , Salzkammergut Mountains
Drain	near Schwinde , underground to the outer Weißenbach
Data
Coordinates	47 ° 46 '7.5 "  N , 13 ° 32' 16.4"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 46 '7.5 "  N , 13 ° 32' 16.4"  E
Altitude above sea level	786  m above sea level A.
surface	1.8 ha
length	190 m
width	130 m
volume	28,000 m³
scope	540 m
Maximum depth	4.1 m
Middle deep	1.55 m
Catchment area	1.9 km²
particularities	Karst Polje ; intermittently significantly larger, data for a normal water level

The Haleswiessee is a small mountain lake in the Schafberg group in the Salzkammergut , in the municipality of St. Wolfgang in Upper Austria .

Location and landscape

The Haleswiessee lies between the Atterseeregion and Wolfgangsee region , in the depression of the Schafberggruppe between Schafberg in the west and Zimnitz / Leonsberg in the east. It is located about 9 kilometers northwest of Bad Ischl , 7 kilometers northeast of the east bank of the Wolfgangsee and 3 kilometers south of the south bank of the Attersee . The Schwarzensee , the better known of the Wolfgang mountain lakes, is a good 3 kilometers southwest.

The lake is located in a depression at 786  m above sea level. A. Altitude, in its northeastern part. This basin, about 2½ km long and ½ km wide, deepens by 50 meters. It is part of a valley train that extends from the Wolfgangtal over the Rußbach northeast to the Weißenbachtal . Its saddle is the Fachbergsattel not far north of the Haleswies at about  900  m above sea level. A. The valley train separates the Breitenberg  ( 1412  m above sea level ) from the Leonsberg ( 1745  m above sea level ). In the south-western part of the valley, the Vorderhaleswiesalm is by the lake, the Hinterhaleswiesalm is already above at 828  m above sea level. A. Towards the valley of the Rußbach to the south lies a threshold with the Pichleralm ( 837  m above sea level ).

Geology and hydrography

When the water is normal, the lake drains in a small channel, which joins the meandering channel from the moorland area at the Vorderhaleswiesalm to the south-west after just under 100 meters , and then disappears in a northerly direction after another 100 meters in a shrinkage (sinkhole, ponor) . The Haleswiessenke thus presents itself as a polje , a karst morphological basin formation.

The rock here is a Norian plate limestone , around 220 million years old. To the south lies the border between the Staufen-Höllengebirge blanket and the Schafberg blanket , two parts of the Tirolean region of the northern Limestone Alps. This means that the subsoil is rich in crevices . On the basis of marking tests it has been proven that the Haleswies-Polje does not - as stated in hydrographic data sets - drain via the Rußbach south to the Ischl , but to the north, to the Outer Weißenbach near Weißenbach . The water exits through an aquifer on the underlying main dolomite in the sediment of the valley floor in the Weißenbachtal, and takes around 8 months for this. A drainage into the water-bearing side ditches of the Weißenbach, in the direction of Loidlbach (near Burgau to the Attersee, the northern outflow from the Fachbergsattel), or even one of the brooks of the Wolfgangtal could not be proven. The drainage in the subsoil thus corresponds to the general direction of strike of the Königsee - Lammertal - Traunsee leaf displacement system towards the north-northeast.

The Haleswiessee is fed by two streams, the Großer Schüttgraben from the Breitenberg and the stream from the Hinterhaleswiesalm. At normal water level it has a size of about 190 × 130 meters and an average depth of 1.5 meters, with a maximum depth of 4 meters. There are strong seasonal fluctuations in the level, periodically after the snow has melted and episodically with heavy precipitation, the lake overflows, and can then encompass the entire basin floor over a length of 1000 meters. In July 1968 the lake was 7 m deep. The verifiable maximum water level in the area, which seems to be reached constantly and with a certain regularity, is 4.5 meters above normal level and 8.5 m maximum depth, the lake then has about 300,000 m³ ten times the normal amount of water. With 3.5 km² its catchment area is then twice as large as in the normal case, the channels in the moss meadows of the southern part of the basin are only episodic. These floods usually run off within a few days due to the drowned shrinkage, but can also last for several weeks. In the older literature it is reported that the lake regularly dries up. That does not happen, the lake level even seems to be largely constant in normal water.

To the southeast above, at the Bramingaualm, at about 940  m above sea level. A. , there is another polje with a swindling hole. Its drainage is still unclear.

Nature and climate

A small raised bog and low and intermediate bogs form in the basin . The Almgrund is described as "extremely rich in species", the lake as "completely natural". However, it is still pending protection under nature conservation law.

A special feature is also the microclimate, here a cold lake regularly forms , with temperatures below -30 ° C (around -32 ° C in the winter of 1970/71) Haleswies is probably one of the cold poles of Austria. However, since there is no measuring point here, the location does not appear in official information.

History and Development

The location is already mentioned in the Mondsee Urbar in 1416 as Haelleins wis , probably after an owner, later mentions of Hasel are misinterpretations of folk etymology.

Today a forest road leads up from Rußbach , it branches off the Schwarzenseestraße ( L1293 ) at Kösselfall . The hiking trail over the Fachberg , which leads from Weißenbach am Attersee to Rußbach or over the Schwarzensee to St. Wolfgang, passes the Haleswieskessel north above. During the times of the St. Wolfgang pilgrimage and the smuggling of salt from Ischl, this route was widely used. From the Fachbergsattel a path leads over the Hinterhaleswiesalm to the lake, and forest paths to the Vorderhaleswiesalm.

literature

• HJ Laimer, H. Wimmer: The underground drainage of the Haleswies Polje (Upper Austria) / Subsurface Drainage of the Haleswies Polje (Upper Austria). In: Contributions to Hydrogeology 59 (Graz 2012), pp. 95-104 ( article online , researchgate.net).
• Guido Müller: The Halleswiessee area in the Salzkammergut. A regional overview. In: Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter Vol. 26 (1972), Issue 1/2, pp. 47-53 ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Austrian map / Geonam , DORIS
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Lit. Müller 1972, table Der Haleswiessee in numbers , p. 53 (pdf p. 8).
3. ↑ Lit. Müller 1972, p. 49, column 2 (in pdf p. 4).
4. ↑ Lit. Laimer, Wimmer 2012, 2. Geologie und Tektonik , p. 96 f (pdf p. 2 f).
5. ↑ ^{a b} This is how the water network leads the lake in the Rußbach catchment area - to the Kuchleralmbach , HZB code 2-122-090-032-001, and the water, which is managed as a large Schüttgraben in the ÖK50, is the upper reaches of the Rußbach (DORIS, theme water & Geology , Layer waters: detailed catchment areas and small bodies of water , accessed April 4, 2017); the ÖK50 only leads the Rußbach to the Pichleralm.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Lit. Laimer, Wimmer 2012, especially 4th result , p. 101 (p. 7).
7. ↑ Lit. Laimer, Wimmer 2012, 5.2. Karst drainage in the area of ​​the Königsee-Lammertal-Traunsee leaf displacement system , p. 101 f (p. 7 f).
8. ↑ ^{a b} Lit. Müller 1972, flooding , p. 51, column 1 f (pdf p. 6).
9. ↑ Lit. Müller 1972, p. 49, column 1 and p. 51, column 2 (pdf p. 4 and 6, respectively).
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Haleswiessee and Moos. Organic area OEKF02137 . Province of Upper Austria: GENISYS nature conservation database (via DORIS, topic nature conservation ).
11. ↑ Haleswiesalm. Organic area OEKF07445 . Province of Upper Austria: GENISYS nature conservation database .
12. ↑ ^{a b} Lit. Müller 1972, air temperature , p. 52, column 1 f (pdf p. 7).
13. ↑ The official low for inhabited regions is -36.6 ° C in 1929 in Zwettl in the Waldviertel . In the uninhabited area there are significantly colder depressions, such as the green hole near Lunz, with over -52 ° C (as of 2016).
14. ↑ Urbar Mondsee 1416 (oldest completely preserved Urbar); in: Konrad Schiffmann (Ed.): The medieval Stiftsurbare of the Archduchy of Austria above the Enns. ( Österr. Urbare III / 2/1 ), Part 1: Lambach, Mondsee, Ranshofen, Traunkirchen. Vienna / Leipzig 1912; also in dsslb .: Historical Lexicon of Place Names for Upper Austria , 1935; Information according to Lit. Müller 1972, p. 47, column 1 f (pdf p. 2).