Hammer mill (Bautzen)
The Bautzen hammer mill was built in 1493 by the city of Bautzen on the Spree as a wire mill, i.e. for the production of wire using wire drawing benches. In 1740 an iron hammer mill was added to the mill . Today it is located north of the old town on the border with the Seidau district and is also a grinding, oil and mustard mill.
The mill ensemble with apartment building in corner position, Müller House, outbuildings (Gatehouse), rearward mill tract via an L-shaped floor plan, storage buildings in the yard and Hofpflasterung is now also listed as the mill technical equipment and technical water system, including the associated overflow weir .
history
In 1736 the wire mill essentially consisted of a one-story building, only two-story on the waterfront. Inside there was a small and a large forge fire with two bellows and two anvils in the immediate vicinity . In 1738 the tenant at the time terminated the lease, but wanted to continue it if the lease was reduced to 10 thalers a year. This discount was not granted to him by the city council and the mill was advertised for lease or purchase.
In 1740, the Frohnau iron and hammer smith Johann Friedrich Clauss acquired the property. The buildings are in poor condition. The council refuses to participate in the renovation costs. Clauss only buys the ensemble under the condition that he can join an iron hammer. A trade agreement was reached, on May 18, 1740 Clauss bought the wire mill for 500 thalers. With the condition to use the work only as a wire mill and hammer forge.
Clauß died in 1751. His heirs sell the mill to Samuel Gotthelf Petzold from Friedrichstadt near Dresden . A brick in the facade of the mill shows an anvil, the initials SGP and the year 1767. In 1846 Samuel Gotthelf Petzold's grandson Johann Samuel Petzold founded the iron foundry and mechanical engineering workshop Petzold & Center with 20 workers. In 1872 the plant was converted into a stock corporation called Lausitzer Maschinenfabrik, formerly JF Petzold. In the mill, however, the space became too narrow in the 19th century, and the machine factory moved out. The current plant of the rail vehicle manufacturer Bombardier Transportation was built via Waggon- und Maschinenfabrik AG, formerly Busch Bautzen, VEB Waggonbau Bautzen and Deutsche Waggonbau AG, Bautzen plant .
A member of the Petzold family was married to a Reinhold Zimmermann. In 1870 the mill passed to the Zimmermann family. A fitting forge was set up and wrought-iron windows, doors and stairs were built. Business went so well that the Zimmermann company had to move to a new company headquarters in 1888. The Zimmermann steel window factory existed until 1992.
The dilapidated iron hammer was sold to master miller Carl Ernst Heinke from Cunewalde . In the same year he started converting it into a flour mill . Among other things, several old stalls and blacksmiths' dinners were removed and a small wooden water wheel was replaced by a twice as large one. Five years later, the wooden water wheel was replaced by an iron one. This had a diameter of five meters, a width of three meters and a rim depth of 75 centimeters. In addition to the iron water wheel, a cleaning system, a roller mill , water wheels made of iron and wood, a fine millstone (known as the French) and a shotgun worked in the mill . On October 1st, 1888 the company Hammermühle Heinke und Sohn was founded. The same mill wheel and main transmission have been rotating since October 6, 1888 as today. Three years later the mill was increased by one floor and a sink was made. There was also an elevator, the flour mixing machine held 300 quintals of flour.
In 1895 the mill was passed on to the master miller's son, Theodor Oswald Heinke. In 1897 he expanded the mill property and had the house rebuilt, the 26-meter-long storage facility built and the courtyard paved. In 1908, the mill was partially converted to an electric drive to modernize the drive power when the water level was low. In 1920 the mill had four cleaning devices, seven grinding machines, four viewing devices for checking the grinding progress and six other devices for grinding the grain.
In 1932 Heinke began producing healing earth , which was sold to the Orient under the name Lusatia in the years that followed. Oswald Heinke's granddaughter married master miller Herrmann Koitzsch in 1946. This became a member of the mill workforce. In 1956 the two water wheels were replaced by a turbine and further modernizations were carried out. According to state regulations, from 1961 barley was only crushed for breweries and animal feed . The production of sealing earth is prohibited.
With the death of Oswald Heinke in 1964, the mill passed to the Koitzsch family. Between 1989 and 1999, part of the state branch archive relocated from the Ortenburg was housed in the large warehouse . Stephan Hierl, grandson of Herrmann Koitzsch, took over the mill in 2003. He had the mill thoroughly renovated and missing technology supplemented. The roofs were covered with real slate again and the dormers , the spiers and the turret were restored according to historical models.
A flood in August 2010 caused great damage. In 2015 the production of mustard and oils started. Today there is a shop in the mill and there are guided tours and workshops. The mill is also a station on the Saxon part of the Camino de Santiago .
description
Buildings still preserved today are the three-storey house of the iron hammer with two gates and rich window crowning and plaster relief (built around 1850), the mill building (marked 1897) with the turbine from 1955, a tenement house (marked 1898) and a two-story warehouse ( marked 1905).
In the mill building there are three murals depicting views of the city from around 1850 to 1880. The mill technology such as transmission, grist mills, grist mills, grist mills, grit cleaner, mixer, wind filter, sifter, cleaning technology and elevators, weir system, roller mills (grinding passages removed) essentially from the 1920s / 1930s are still completely present.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Miriam Schönbach: Where the mustard is ground by hand . In: Saxon newspaper . August 29, 2015 ( paid online [accessed November 15, 2019]).
- ↑ a b c Grit Richter-Laugwitz: HEIMATGESCHICHTE . In: Saxon newspaper . September 25, 1997 ( paid online [accessed November 15, 2019]).
- ↑ Premiere in the Hammermühle . In: Saxon newspaper . March 17, 2016 ( paid online [accessed November 15, 2019]).
- ^ A b Carmen Schumann: Owner of the hammer mill later founded wagon construction . In: Saxon newspaper . April 18, 2009 (for a fee online [accessed November 15, 2019]).
- ↑ Carmen Schumann: Technical monument comes back to life . In: Saxon newspaper . September 7, 2005 ( paid online [accessed November 15, 2019]).
- ↑ Miriam Schönbach: Wheel of the hammer mill is standing . In: Saxon newspaper . August 14, 2010 (for a fee online [accessed November 15, 2019]).
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 11 '4.6 " N , 14 ° 25' 16.9" E