Hapalorchis

Hapalorchis
	Illustration by Hapalorchis lineata ; fig. III
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Cranichideae
Sub tribus :	Spiranthinae
Genre :	Hapalorchis
Scientific name
	Hapalorchis
	Schltr.

Hapalorchis is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae), the 13 types contains. They are common in tropical America.

description

The Hapalorchis species are terrestrial, less often epiphytic , small, herbaceous plants. The roots are in clusters or somewhat distributed on a creeping rhizome, they are bulbous, thickened, fleshy and hairy. The leaves are heaped at the base of the shoot in a loose rosette. They are clearly stalked, the leaf base includes the shoot. The leaf blade is oval to slightly heart-shaped, it ends pointed.

The terminal inflorescence is slender, few-flowered and one-sided. Only in the upper area is it a little hairy. It is partially covered by tubular bracts . The flowers are small, delicate, white or greenish in color. They are resupinated , more or less tubular and protruding horizontally. The ovary is sessile to very short stalked, it points upwards. The sepals are shaped the same as each other, not grown together, roughly parallel to each other, only slightly gaping. The lateral sepals are spatulate, asymmetrical at the base and somewhat bulged; together with the lip they form a round depression (mentum). The petals lie against the dorsal sepal and adhere firmly to it with the edge. The lip is not narrowed at the base, with a concave, indistinct two-part base, there the edge is thickened to two nectar glands, but not eyelet. The blade of the lip is runny with a detached, turned down end lobe. The column is slender and club-shaped, hairy, at the base slightly extended beyond the point of attachment to the ovary (columnar foot). The scar consists of an area, this is semicircular or indicated triangular. The stamen is largely enveloped by a funnel-shaped tissue of the column (clinandrium). It is oval, with a heart-shaped base and pointed at the front. The pollinia are club-shaped with an oval to round-lanceolate adhesive disc ( Viscidium ). The separating tissue between the stamen and the stigma (rostellum) is almost straight, elongated triangular to tongue-shaped, flexible, notched at the tip after removing the viscidium.

Occurrence

Hapalorchis is common in Central America, the Caribbean, in the Andes of South America and along the Brazilian east coast. Altitudes from sea level to around 2400 meters are populated. The locations are mostly in the shade of moist forests.

Systematics and botanical history

Hapalorchis is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . The genre was established by Rudolf Schlechter in 1919. The name is derived from the Greek ἁπαλός hapalos , “tender, soft” and refers to the general appearance of the plants. He chose Hapalorchis cheirostyloides as the type species, and he described Hapalorchis tenuis as the second species (both species are now considered synonymous with Hapalorchis lineatus ). Schlechter described other species in 1920.

The genus Hapalorchis has been described by some authors as very similar to Cyclopogon , but the actual relationships are unclear.

The species of the genus Hapalorchis :

Hapalorchis bicornis Kolan. & Szlach. : It occurs in Colombia.
Hapalorchis cheirostyloides Schltr. : It occurs in Colombia and Venezuela.
Hapalorchis cymbirostris Szlach. : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro .
Hapalorchis dominicii E. Parra, Szlach. & S.Nowak : It occurs in Colombia.
Hapalorchis lindleyana Garay : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro .
Hapalorchis lineata (Lindl.) Schltr. : It occurs in tropical America.
Hapalorchis longirostris Schltr. : It occurs in the Colombian province of Valle del Cauca .
Hapalorchis neglecta Szlach. & Rutk. : It occurs in Ecuador.
Hapalorchis pandurata Szlach. : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro .
Hapalorchis piesikii Szlach. & Rutk. : It occurs in Colombia.
Hapalorchis pumila (C. Pig) Garay : It occurs in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru.
Hapalorchis stellaris Szlach. : It occurs in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul .
Hapalorchis trilobata Schltr. : It occurs in the Colombian province of Valle del Cauca .

literature

Most of the information in this article comes from:

Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN 0347-8742 , p. 245-246 .
Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982, pp. 326 .
Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 210-212 .

Individual evidence

^ Rudolf Schlechter: Attempt to systematically reorganize the Spiranthinae . In: Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt . tape 37 , 2, issue 3, 1920, pp. 362 ( csic.es [PDF]).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hapalorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 12, 2018.

Further information

Commons : Hapalorchis - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[1] Rudolf Schlechter: Attempt to systematically reorganize the Spiranthinae . In: Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt . tape 37 , 2, issue 3, 1920, pp. 362 ( csic.es [PDF]).

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hapalorchis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 12, 2018.