Hartmann Beyer

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Engraving by Hartmann Beyer

Hartmann Beyer (born September 30, 1516 in Frankfurt am Main ; † August 11, 1577 ibid) was a German mathematician , theologian and reformer .

Life

Hartmann Beyer was born as the son of a cloth shearer in Frankfurt am Main and attended the Latin school founded in 1520 , where he received a good classical education from Jakob Micyllus . In 1534 he enrolled at the University of Wittenberg and, under the strong influence of Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon, acquired the degree of master's degree in 1539 .

After spending a few more years as a private mathematics teacher in Wittenberg , on April 11, 1546, he was appointed to succeed Sebastian Ligarius as a preacher in his hometown. At first he preached mainly at the Peterskirche , later at the Barfüßerkirche , which became the main Protestant church after 1548.

From 1525 to 1535, preachers who professed Ulrich Zwingli's radical theology worked in Frankfurt . In 1536 the council decided to join the Schmalkaldic League and joined the Wittenberg Agreement . Since then, the council tried to reduce the Zwinglian influence in the city by calling Lutheran preachers. Beyer was a passionate and charismatic preacher who quickly succeeded in influencing the citizenry in the spirit of strict Lutheranism.

In terms of foreign policy, however, the council was on the defensive after the defeat of the Schmalkaldic League in the battle of Mühlberg on April 24, 1547. In order to prevent the threatened imperial reprisals and the withdrawal of important privileges, the council was forced to recognize the Augsburg interim on July 17, 1548 . It demanded the return of six collegiate and monastery churches, including the Bartholomäuskirche , to the Catholics and the church order, which has been in force since 1533 and which goes back to Martin Bucer , to adapt some points to the demands made by the Archbishop of Mainz . Above all, this included the reintroduction of the New Year, Easter Monday and Ascension holidays.

Beyer and the other Lutheran preachers in the city, including Matthias Ritter in particular , opposed the interim provisions, despite a mediating opinion from Philipp Melanchthon on January 29, 1549. The council, however, stuck to its line loyal to the emperor. In 1552, during the so-called Prince's War , the Lutheran city was besieged by troops of the Lutheran princes and defended by imperial troops. After the Passau Treaty , the foreign policy threat to the city eased. Internally, the dispute between the predicants and the council escalated, in which Beyer knew the public opinion of the city behind him, up to a brief suspension of Beyer in 1553, which was withdrawn after a few days. With the Augsburg religious peace of 1555, the Lutheran creed was finally consolidated .

Reformed refugees under the leadership of Valérand Poullain had come to Frankfurt from England as early as 1554 . The council made the Weißfrauenkirche available to them, but at the same time commissioned an expert opinion from Beyer, "In what points and terms the Welschen and Engellendische Confession do not compare and agree". Beyer pointed out the dissent in the doctrine of the Lord's Supper . In addition, the newcomers caused unrest among the local craftsmen and traders. The comparison sought by the Council did not come about. In order to maintain public order and church peace in the city, on April 22, 1561, the reformed worship service was canceled by a council resolution and supporters of the reformed creed were prohibited from building or using their own churches. Nevertheless, the council did not want to turn away the refugees, whose stream of refugees grew steadily between 1567 and 1573 because of the terror of the Duke of Alba in the Spanish Netherlands . He stated that "one must have cheap Christian pity for such miserable and uff's very sad and depraved people so driven into misery from house, farm and everything." The council, however, feared the danger that the reformed refugees could be expected to further favor the relationship with the emperor and peace in the citizenry, and therefore stuck to the Lutheran course once it had taken. Thus, under Hartmann Beyer, Lutheran orthodoxy was established in Frankfurt. Only at the end of the 18th century were the restrictions on Reformed and Catholics lifted.

Hartmann Beyer was the father of Johann Hartmann Beyer (1563-1625), doctor, mathematician and natural scientist in Frankfurt, who became a lay judge in 1612 and senior mayor in 1614 during the Fettmilch uprising .

Works

  • Warer reason and proof that the wrongdoing, the Irish preachers forbid to punish the antichristian bishopric, Magdeburg 1551;
  • Pro ficticio missae sacrificio argumenta erronea sophistarum pontificiorum, ibid. 1551;
  • History Bible, printed in Frankfurt am Main by Christian Egenolff in 1583
  • Handwritten collection of sermons, 49 volumes (City and University Library Frankfurt am Main)

literature

Web links

Commons : Hartmann Beyer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Beyer, Hartmann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician, theologian, reformer
DATE OF BIRTH September 30, 1516
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH August 11, 1577
Place of death Frankfurt am Main