Hay Castle
| Hay Castle | ||
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 The ruins of the manor house from the 17th century, on the left the ruins of the medieval keep |
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| Creation time : | 12th Century | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 4 '25 " N , 3 ° 7' 28.9" W | |
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Hay Castle is a ruined castle in Powys , Wales . The ruin, classified as a Grade I cultural monument and protected as a Scheduled Monument , is located in the middle of the town of Hay-on-Wye .
history
At the beginning of the 12th century, William Revel, a follower of Bernard de Neufmarché, built the first castle on the River Wye , which was first mentioned in 1121 as Castello de Haia . After Bernard's death, the castle fell to Miles of Gloucester ( House of Pitres ), the husband of his daughter Sybil. In 1166 his son-in-law William de Braose, 3rd Baron of Bramber, inherited the castle. In the course of the 12th century the castle was relocated to its current more favorable location. Around 1200, under William de Braose, 4th Baron of Bramber, the expansion of the earth and wood fortifications into a stone castle began. According to legend, Maud de St Valery , the wife of the 4th Baron, built the castle in just one night. In 1208 de Braose had to pledge the castle due to outstanding payments to King Johann Ohneland . He began a rebellion against the king shortly afterwards, lost all his possessions and died in exile in 1211. His son Giles de Braose recaptured the castle in 1215 with the help of the Welsh prince of Gwynedd , Llywelyn ap Iorwerth , but it was conquered and burned down by King John in 1216. Shortly thereafter, Giles' brother Reginald made an agreement with the king in which he received Hay back, among other things. After Reginald's son William de Braose, 7th Baron of Bramber , was executed in 1230 by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth for adultery, the town and castle of Llywelyn were burned down in 1231. In July of that year Llywelyn also defeated an English army not far from Hay through the betrayal of a monk from Cwmhir Abbey . The castle was built on the initiative of King Henry III. rebuilt between 1232 and 1237 and the city was also fortified with a city wall. Due to the marriage of William de Braose's daughter Eleanor with Humphrey de Bohun , a son of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford , the castle fell to the Bohuns in 1241, who later led the War of the Barons between Henry III. and Simon de Montfort were involved. However, while the father was back on the king's side from 1263, his son remained a partisan of Montfort. Therefore, the castle was conquered by royal troops under Crown Prince Eduard in 1264 , but was recaptured by Montfort's troops as early as 1265. The younger Humphrey de Bohun was captured in the defeat of Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265 and died in captivity in Beeston Castle that same year . After the death of Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford in 1298, the castle fell back to the Crown. In 1372 it was given to Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford . During the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr in 1405, the castle was besieged by the rebels and badly damaged, but it withstood the siege. In the Wars of the Roses , the castle was again damaged by troops of the House of York around 1460 as the property of the Earls of Stafford and the Dukes of Buckingham . The last Duke of Buckingham carried out various alterations to the residential buildings, but he was eventually executed for treason in 1521 and Hay Castle returned to the Crown.
During or after the end of the English Civil War , the castle wall was torn down . In the 1660s, James Boyle of Hereford had a new manor built in place of the castle's ruined residential buildings . At the beginning of the 19th century the house was owned by the Wellington family, who bought it from the Glyn heirs. The house was restored around 1910, but the eastern part was destroyed by fire in 1939. Another fire destroyed the western part of the house in 1979, but it was rebuilt. In the 1960s the castle was acquired by Richard Booth , who founded the book town of Hay-on-Wye and made himself King of Hay-on-Wye. He used the preserved parts of the castle as an antiquarian bookshop . In 2011 he sold the castle to the Hay Castle Trust , a foundation that intends to preserve and restore the castle and make it accessible to the public as the cultural and artistic center of the book town. With the support of Cadw and the administration of the Brecon Beacon National Park , safety work began in 2012 on the facility, which was in dire need of restoration.
investment
From the previous castle, southwest of today's parish church on the outskirts, the low moth is still well preserved. The castle with wooden fortifications overlooked a tributary of the Wye. The castle hill is only about 3 m high, but measures 20 m in diameter at the top. The outer bailey was probably northeast of the castle hill.
Today's castle is located on a hill on the south side of the medieval city. Originally the castle was located near the west gate of the city wall, which is no longer preserved. The complex originally consisted of an oval ring wall about 85 m by 70 m , which was fortified with a stone ring wall in the 13th century . Only a 12 m long section and an archway with cast holes are preserved of the circular wall. Just west of the arch, the ruins of the borders established in 1200 Keep on. The tower, which has been rebuilt several times, has a floor area of 10 m by 8.3 m. It has three residential floors above a low basement, some of which still have double windows in the Norman style , but rather weak masonry for a keep. To the west of the Keep is the mansion called Castle House , built in the 1660s . The roof of the three-storey building in the late Jacobean style is richly structured with several decorative gables. The eastern part is still in ruins, while the western part has been rebuilt or preserved.
Remains of the formal garden from the 18th century and the terrace gardens from the 19th century have been preserved on the other castle grounds.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ British listed buildings: Hay Castle, Hay. Retrieved September 27, 2013 .
- ↑ Ancient Monuments: Hay Castle. Retrieved September 27, 2013 .
- ^ Hay-on-Wye Tourist Information Bureau: A brief history of Hay-on-Wye. Retrieved September 30, 2013 .
- ^ Castles of Wales: Hay Motte. Retrieved September 30, 2013 .
- ^ Adrian Pettifer: Welsh castles. A guide by counties . Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge 2000, ISBN 978-0-85115-778-8 , p. 13