Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham

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Coat of arms of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham

Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham KG (born August 15, 1402 in Stafford , † July 10, 1460 in the Battle of Northampton ), was an English nobleman .

His parents were Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford (1378-1403), and Anne of Gloucester , a granddaughter of King Edward III . When his father died early, he inherited the title of 6th Earl of Stafford as a toddler and related, widely distributed lands. On April 23, 1421 it struck King Henry V on the occasion of the feast of St. George in Windsor Castle to the Knight of the Bath . On April 22nd, 1429 King Henry VI took him . as a Knight Companion in the Order of the Garter .

Humphrey was from 1430 to 1432 as lieutenant general for his King Henry VI. active in Normandy and was rewarded for his services in 1431 with the title of Count of Le Perche . Henry VI. followed the strategy of transferring lands and titles to numerous Englishmen in occupied France in order to bind them even more closely.

On September 14, 1444, Humphrey was raised to Duke of Buckingham . From 1450 to 1459 he was Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports .

When the hostilities between the Houses of Lancaster (Henry VI.) And York ( Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York ) broke out openly from 1455 and the Wars of the Roses began, Humphrey was loyal to the Lancaster king. In 1460, Richard's ally Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick , had joined Henry VI's army. placed at Northampton. Humphrey was in command of the royal troops. While the Yorkists were on the march, Humphrey firmly declined several of Warwick's requests to negotiate with the king. In the battle, after an initially even position, Warwick succeeded, supported by treason, in breaking open a flank of the royal army, so that the battle was already decided about 30 minutes later. Around the royal tent some great Lancasters had gathered and defended it to the end without surrendering. Humphrey also found death here, and Henry VI. was taken prisoner.

Before October 18, 1424, Humphrey had married Anne Neville in Raby, Durham. She was the daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland , and his wife Joan Beaufort , Countess of Westmoreland. Anne had no fewer than 13 siblings (including her younger sister Cecily Neville , later wife of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and mother of the later kings Edward IV and Richard III ) and 10 half-siblings, so that the family Background of the Staffords as well as their influence also through this marriage policy expanded considerably. However, Humphrey suffered the defeat of Northampton against a nephew of his wife, Richard Neville. Humphrey and Anne's marriage had ten children:

The wives of the eldest son Humphrey and the second eldest son Heinrich are cousins ​​of the same name as daughters of the brothers Edmund Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset , and John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset . Through this marriage, Heinrich also became the stepfather of the future King Henry VII.

Since Humphrey's eldest son died before his father in the first Battle of St Albans in 1455, his grandson Henry inherited the titles that were publicly bestowed on him in 1465.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Trevor Royle: The Wars of the Roses; England's first civil war. Abacus, London, 2009, ISBN 978-0-349-11790-4 , p. 440.
  2. ^ Frederick Maurice Powicke, Edmund Boleslav Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society, London 1961, p. 450.
  3. ^ William Arthur Shaw: The Knights of England. Volume 1, Sherratt and Hughes, London 1906, p. 130.
  4. ^ William Arthur Shaw: The Knights of England. Volume 1, Sherratt and Hughes, London 1906, p. 11.
  5. ↑ George Edward Cokayne , Vicary Gibbs (Ed.): The Complete Peerage . Volume 2, Alan Sutton Publishing, Gloucester 2000, p. 388.
  6. ^ Frederick Maurice Powicke, Edmund Boleslav Fryde: Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society, London 1961, p. 419.
  7. ↑ Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham on thepeerage.com , accessed August 12, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
predecessor Office successor
Edmund Stafford Earl of Stafford
1403-1460 		Henry Stafford
New title created Duke of Buckingham
1444-1460 		Henry Stafford
personal data
SURNAME Stafford, Humphrey, 1st Duke of Buckingham
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stafford, Humphrey; Stafford, Humphrey, 6th Earl of Stafford
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Great-grandson of the English King Edward III.
DATE OF BIRTH August 15, 1402
PLACE OF BIRTH Stafford
DATE OF DEATH July 10, 1460
Place of death Northampton