Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports
The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports holds the oldest military office in England . He represents the British monarch in the Cinque Ports , a federation of originally five, now 14 port cities in Kent and Sussex . Today the office is a sinecure , albeit still a particularly prominent one .
history
The office has existed since at least the 12th century, possibly even older. Linked to the function is the office of Constable of Dover Castle , which was created before the Norman invasion. The respective Lord Warden is also Admiral of the Cinque Ports .
In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports had extensive powers in the south-east of England. He was responsible for collecting taxes, arresting offenders and delivering writs in the Cinque Ports area. He was also entitled to a share in flotsam . After all, he had judicial tasks, which were essentially limited to arbitration and the military area.
Due to the extensive autonomy from the crown, the Lord Warden was for a long time the most important sovereign in England after the king. After the expansion of the Cinque Ports in the 15th century, almost all of Kent and Sussex fell under his influence. Until well into the 19th century, the parliamentarians sent from the member cities were appointed or confirmed by the respective Lord Warden.
Because of the concentration of duties and powers in parliament and monarch, the influence of Lord Wardens diminished over the course of the following centuries. In addition, the importance and economic power of the Cinque Ports declined.
The importance of the position can also be seen at this time in the fact that the office was mainly awarded to members of the royal family and high nobles , and later also to prime ministers . As a rule, these were persons who had served in prominent positions in wartime in the defense of the United Kingdom. Only three of a total of 158 office holders have so far been commoners. The transfer is for life.
Walmer Castle has served as the official residence of Lord Wardens at Deal since 1708 .
flag
The flag of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports takes up the motif of the coat of arms of the Cinque Ports. It is the second oldest coat of arms in England. It has been attested since 1305 and shows three striding lions and three hulls which merge into one another. The part of the flag facing the mast ( lying side ) contains a personal symbol of the respective Lord Wardens.
List of Lords Warden of the Cinque Ports
12th Century
- Henry of Essex around 1150–54
13th Century
- William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey 1204-06 and 1214
- Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent 1215
- Geoffery de Lucy 1224 (1230)
- William de Averanch 1226
- Robert de Ayberville 1228
- Peter de Rivallis 1232-34
- Walerland Teutonicus 1235
- Bertram de Crioill 1236–1255 (with interruptions)
- Henry pants
- Sir Stephen of Seagrave
- Peter of Savoy 1241
- Reginald de Cobham 1255
- Sir Roger Northwode
- Nicholas de moels 1258
- Richard de Gray 1258
- Hugh Bigod 1259-60
- Nicholas de Croill 1260
- Robert de Walerand 1261
- Walter de Burgsted 1262
- Hamo de crevequer 1263
- Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford about 1264?
- Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster ?
- Henry de Sandwich
- John de Haia ?
- Roger of Leybourne 1263
- Henry de Montfort 1264?
- Matthew de Hastings 1265
- Edward "Longshanks", Earl of Chester 1265
- Sir Matthew de Bezille 1266
- Stephen de Pencester 1267–71, then with interruptions until 1298
- Robert de Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh 1299–1306
14th Century
- Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham 1307
- Robert de Kendall 1307
- Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham 1315
- Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere 1320
- Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester 1320
- Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent 1321
- Sir John Peche 1323
- Ralph Basset, 2nd Baron Basset de Drayton 1325
- Bartholomew de Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh 1327
- William Clinton, 1st Earl of Huntingdon 1330
- Bartholomew de Burghersh, 1st Baron Burghersh 1348
- Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March 1355
- John Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Beauchamp de Somerset 1359
- Sir Robert de Herle 1361
- Baron Spigurnell 1364
- Sir Richard de Peinbrugge
- Andrew de Guldeford
- William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer 1374
- Sir Thomas Reines
- Edmund of Langley, Earl of Cambridge 1376
- Sir Robert Assheton 1381
- Sir Simon de Burley 1384
- John Devereux, 1st Baron Devereux 1387
- John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont 1392
- Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York 1396
- John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Dorset 1398
- Sir Thomas Erpynham 1399
15th century
- Henry of Monmouth, Prince of Wales 1409
- Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel and 10th Earl of Surrey 1412
- Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester 1415
- James Fiennes, 1st Baron Saye and Sele 1447
- Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham 1450
- Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers 1459
- Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick 1460
- Sir John Scott 1471
- Philip Fitz Lewes 1488
- Sir William Scott 1492
- Prince Henry of England 1493
16th Century
- Sir Edward Poynings 1509
- George Nevill, 5th Baron Bergavenny (appointed, resigned before induction)
- Sir Edward Guilford (1474 / 9-1534)
- George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford (1533)
- Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset
- Sir Thomas Cheney 1535-1558
- Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle 1539–1542
- Sir Thomas Seymour , 1545 together with Cheney
- William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham
- Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham (son of previous incumbent) 1597
17th century
- Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton 1604-1614
- Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset 1614-1615
- Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche 1615-1625
- George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham 1625-1628
- Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk 1628-1640
- James Stewart, 4th Duke of Lennox 1641-1642
- Sir Edward Boys 1642-1646
- Major John Boys 1646-1648
- Sir Algernon Sidney 1648-1651
- Colonel Thomas Kelsey 1651-1656
- Admiral Robert Blake 1656-1657
- Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Winchelsea 1660
- James Stuart, Duke of York and Albany 1660–1673
- Colonel John Beaumont 1673-1691
- Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney 1691–1702
18th century
- George of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland 1702–1708
- Lionel Sackville, 7th Earl of Dorset 1708-1712
- James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde 1712-1715
- John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester 1717-1727
- Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset 1727-1765
- Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness 1765–1778
- Frederick North, Lord North (2nd Earl of Guilford since 1790) 1778–1792
- William Pitt the Younger 1792–1806
19th century
- Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool 1806-1827
- Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington 1829-1852
- James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie 1853-1860
- Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston 1860–1865
- Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville 1865-1891 (not introduced?)
- William Henry Smith 1891 (not introduced?)
- Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava 1892–1895
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 1895-1903
20th century
- George Curzon, 1st Baron Curzon of Kedleston 1904–1905
- Prince George, Prince of Wales 1905-1907
- Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey 1908-1913
- William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp 1913-1934
- Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading 1934-1935
- Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon 1936-1941
- Sir Winston Churchill 1941-1965
- Sir Robert Menzies , Australian Prime Minister 1966–1978
- Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother 1978–2002
21st century
- Admiral Michael Boyce, Baron Boyce since 2004
literature
- Edward Body: The Cinque Ports and Lords Warden. A history in verse and prose . Kent Messenger, Larkfield 1992, ISBN 0-900893-13-3 .
Web links
- Official website of the Cinque Ports (Engl.)
- Flags of the World website (Engl.)