Hein Brand

Hein Brand (* 14th century ; † after 1440 , also Heine Brant or Hinrik Brandes ) was a Hamburg citizen who was arrested in 1410 for insulting his defaulting debtor , Duke Johann von Sachsen-Lauenburg , but was released again because of procedural errors was set. The circumstances of his arrest were one of the triggers for the adoption of the first constitution of the city of Hamburg .

Life

His more precise life dates have not come down to us, only a few events in his life have come from Hamburg files. Secure mentions can be found in documents from 1412 to 1439. Hein Brand was a wealthy Hamburg citizen who had business relationships with numerous nobles . Including the Duke of Sachsen-Lauenburg , the Duke of Schleswig , in 1426 with King Heinrich VI. of England or Duke Adolf von Schleswig (possibly Adolf VIII (Holstein) ), whom he canceled part of his debts in 1439. In 1429 he is proven as a sixties council member for the parish of St. Nikolai, where he mediated between citizens and the city council in several cases. In 1437, Brand accompanied Duke Wilhelm von Braunschweig to the Hanseatic League in Nyköbing . According to Tratziger , a will of a Hinrik Brand written on June 24, 1440 is probably precisely this Hein Brand. In it he donates 20 Marks rent to the house of his son Kersten for charitable purposes.

Trial of 1410

Hein Brand was best known through a confrontation with Duke Johann von Sachsen-Lauenburg, to whom he had lent a large sum of money, which the Duke did not repay despite several reminders. Duke Johann's father Erich I was already in debt to another Hamburg merchant, to whom Erich I had pledged his wife's gold jewelry . Brand used Duke Johann's stay in Hamburg to publicly confront him and demand repayment of the debt. Duke Johann rejected the demand with reference to the free passage granted him by the city council , whereupon Brand cursed and insulted the duke. Back at his residence sent Duke John Consequently, on 30 May 1410 a letter of complaint to the Hamburg city council, fire arrest made. Brand was led by eight council members to the winter tower and locked up there. The arrest broke the barrel of the already irritable citizens of Hamburg, who felt that the city council had been tampering with them in many respects, since the city council violated a law granted since 1404 , according to which no Hamburg citizen could be detained without a proper hearing . Citizens insisted on the release of Brands. Mayor Kersten Miles feared a civil war , as it had only recently happened in Lübeck , Rostock or Wismar . He saw the case outside of his decision-making authority, which is why he called the city council together to decide on this. The outraged citizens referred to the current law, according to which Brand must be released again until due legal proceedings have been concluded. They achieved that the eight city councilors who had led Brand to the dungeon had to bring it back personally to the town hall. The following day, May 31, the citizens gathered in the refectory of the Maria Magdalenen Monastery and elected a council of 60 men, 15 each from the four Hamburg parishes of St. Petri , St. Nikolai , St. Jacobi and St. Katharinen to judge Brand's imprisonment and Duke Johann's complaint. Before the Sixties Council, Duke Johan's letter of complaint was read out and the case was renegotiated with the assistance of witnesses . The council confirmed the illegality of the arrest and ruled that Duke Johann's complaint should be "put to rest " (ie suspended). The city council reserved the right to judge the Brand case again, but this was finally rejected by the Sixties Council. In this, the Hamburg city council was also in direct negotiations with Duke Johan, since in the same year the mayors Marquard Schreye, Hilmar Lopow and the councilor Hermann Langhe settled 18 schillings for a trip to the duke's court with the city treasurer.

People involved

Name registers in the files of the city, as well as journals and jurate lists of the churches and parishes list the persons involved in the process. (The spellings of the names follow the information provided by Tratzinger)

Sixties Council of Hamburg citizens:

• Parish of St. Petri:

Titke Lunneborch, Hilmer Woledehorn, Heinrich Buxtehude, Albert Boerstede, Kersten Barskamp, ​​Siuert Goltbecke, Marquardt Hoierstorp, Bernt Knubben, Ludeke von Eißen, Werner Ronnehagen, Erik von Zeuen, Otto Bremer, Peter Scharpenberch, Peter Midehouet, Bernt Vermerschen

• Parish St. Nikolai:

Eylert Stapelvelt, Otto Bruchberch, Johan Beckerholt, Johan Rigerkerke, Heine Backwinghagen, Heine Stenbeke, Curt Lamsprink, Hinrick Bishorst, Simen Alverslo, Johan Krume, Helmich Simensen, Johan Rentzel, Lideke Kleisse, Eberhart Beckerholt, Hinrik Wulhase

• Parish St. Jacobi:

Albrecht Geuink, Kersten van der Heide, Clawes Koting, Heine Kleißen, Johan Gulzow, Hans Cleitzen, Henning Barskamp, ​​Johan Wicharde, Johan Midemule, Enno Ordeland, Johan Grant, Luder Altervoget, Hennicke Eltorp, Johan van Aluerding, Kersten Lachendorp

• Parish of St. Katharinen:

Hilmer Blomenbergk, Johan Wulf, Heinrich Zegelke, Johan Hitfelt, Bernt Hune, Titke Munster, Sander van der Fechte, Johan Berchstede, Johan van Minden, Bicke vam Houe, Johan Tostade, Johan Stroete, Godeke van der Elver, Johan Honstede, Gert Hals

Hamburg City Council:

• Mayor:

Kersten Miles , Marquart Schreye, Meinhart Buxtehude, Hilmer Lopow

• Councilors:

Albert Brietling, Albert Schreie, Johan Nanne, Hermann Lange, Claws Schocke (Nikolaus Schocke), Heinrich von Hachede, Clawes Bisping, Hinrich Bekendorp, Hinrich Inevelt, Hinrich von dem Berge, Marquart Henniges, Dirk vom Hagen, Johan Wige, Johan Hameken, Ludeke Lutow, Bernt Borstel

Aftermath

Notice board for Brandstwiete

The sixties council took the opportunity to discuss further demands of the angry citizens against the city council during the process of fire. After four days of negotiations, the 1410 recess was agreed between the Sixties Council and the City Council, which is considered the first Hamburg constitution .

The alley ( Low German : Twete ), on which the house of the Brand family stood, has been proven to be Mr. Brand's Twiete since 1327 . As a reminder, it was renamed Brandstwiete .

literature

• Adam Tratziger : Chronica of the city of Hamburg . Ed .: JM Lappenberg. Perthes-Besser & Mauke, Hamburg 1965, p. 129–133 ( digitized version [accessed November 17, 2019]).
• Jörg Berlin: Citizen Freedom instead of Council Regiment - The mini-festival of civil freedom and the struggle for democracy in Hamburg around 1700 . Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-2447-0 , Political Self-Confidence and Representative Bodies of Hamburg, pp. 31 ( digitized version [accessed on November 16, 2019]).
• Rudolf Nehlsen: Hamburg history according to sources and documents . tape 1 . Lafrentz, Hamburg 1896, p. 168–170 ( digitized [accessed November 16, 2019]).
• Johann Gustav Gallois : Hamburg Chronicle from the oldest times to the present . tape 1 . Hamburg 1861, section II. The period from 1270 to the first Recesse of 1410, p. 344–345 ( digitized [accessed November 17, 2019]).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Adam Tratziger : Chronica of the city of Hamburg . Ed .: JM Lappenberg. Perthes-Besser & Mauke, Hamburg 1965, p. 129–133 ( digitized version [accessed November 17, 2019]).
2. ^ ^{A b} Rudolf Nehlsen: Hamburg history based on sources and documents . tape 1 . Lafrentz, Hamburg 1896, p. 168-170 .
3. ↑ ^{a b} Johann Gustav Gallois : Hamburg Chronicle from the oldest times to the present . tape 1 . Hamburg 1861, section II. The period from 1270 to the first Recesse of 1410, p. 344-345 .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Hermann Lange and Claus Schicke commanded Fredeschiffe and played a leading role in the capture of Klaus Störtebeker.
5. ^ Also Hinricus de Monte, 1413–1451 Mayor of Hamburg
6. ↑ Maybe John Wighe, 1420-1438 mayor of Hamburg
7. ^ Possibly Bernhardus Borsteld, 1422–1429 Mayor of Hamburg
8. ↑ Notice board at the Hamburg Brandstwiete