Heinrich Never

Heinrich Never (* in Wismar ; † 1553 ibid) was a Franciscan in the Gray Monastery in Wismar and early on from Wismar operated the Reformation in northeast Germany .

biography

Never came from a family of builders and craftsmen already mentioned around 1486. He himself was the custodian of the Saxon Franciscan Province of St. John the Baptist and from 1525, appointed by the Wismar Council, Guardian of the Franciscan Convention in Wismar. In 1527 he left the order and became a Protestant preacher. In 1528 he became inspector of all the monasteries of his order, which should have meant the custody of Lübeck. Like other Franciscans ( Valentin Curtius , Stephan Kempe ) he advocated the Reformation at an early stage from 1523, whose ideas were also positively received by the population in Wismar. He recorded the events in his Kercken-Böck thom gray monastery .

His Reformation teaching is influenced by the court preacher Heinrich Möllen , who came to Mecklenburg with Duchess Anna , the wife of Duke Albrecht VII. From Berlin . The teachings of Zwingli soon became more prevalent than Luther's . This led to Johannes Bugenhagen intervening in the council in Wismar before 1530, and the Rostock printer and publisher Ludwig Dietz received an express ban from Dukes Heinrich V and Albrecht in 1530 to print further works by Never. As early as 1526 Dietz had published the Ublegen and founding of Zwingli's final speeches , which Never had translated into Low German .

Despite the increasing pressure around him, Never remained true to his convictions and continued to preach his point of view. This was also represented in Wismar by Heinrich Timmermann , vicar at the Nikolaikirche . For the patriciate of the north-east German Hanseatic cities, such was general and undifferentiated “Zwinglianism and Anabaptism ”. Heinrich Never been so whether its doctrine represented about one Hansa in 1535 in Hamburg, which the Hamburg mandate against the Sacramentiererei issued. The mayor of Lübeck Jürgen Wullenwever had previously named Heinrich Never as an Baptist during his embarrassing interrogation under torture (and also revoked it). In 1536, however, the Brandenburg Elector Joachim II recommended Luther to the two Mecklenburg dukes to prohibit Never from preaching because of his creed. However, this did not take place until 1542 due to the first church visit in 1541 by the superintendent Johann Riebling from Parchim by both dukes against Nevers and also against Timmermann. The Gray Monastery was converted into a school around the same time and three years later into a Latin school , the Great City School . With the silence of the two Wismar reformers, the path of Lutheranism in the Hanseatic cities of Mecklenburg was finally free.

Works

• Vorlaringe and Entlik the wordt des Heren Diskes, after greening and verforschinge the writing. 1528 (manuscript)
• Van beyden naturen in Christo and where se jegen each other to holden syndt. 1528 (manuscript)

Remarks

1. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 201.
2. ^ After Friedrich Schlie: The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, reprint Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3910179061 , p. 17: because of "Calvinist and Anabaptist attacks"

literature

• Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, Neuruck Schwerin 1992, p. 17 and p. 168ff. ( The Church of the Gray Monks. With a map of the former Gray Monastery) ISBN 3910179061 .
• Karl Ernst Hermann Krause:  Never, Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, p. 564 f.
• Eike Wolgast: "Eyn synryke man" - the Wismar reformer Heinrich Never. In: Leather is bread. Contributions to the North German regional and archive history (Festschrift Andreas Röpcke ). Schwerin 2011, SS 61–78.

Web links

• Literature about Heinrich Never in the state bibliography MV