Franciscan monastery Wismar

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Franciscan monastery Wismar was a Franciscan monastery in the Hanseatic city of Wismar and existed from the middle of the 13th century until the Reformation . After the color of the medal Habits of the Franciscans it is also called Gray Abbey called, in contrast to the Black Monastery of the Dominicans . It is also called the Holy Cross Monastery after its patronage .

After the dissolution of the monastery in 1541, a school was established in the buildings. They were replaced by new school buildings in the 19th century because they were in disrepair.

Origin and construction of the monastery

Map of Wismar at the time of the Hanseatic League with the location of the Gray Monastery

founding

As evidenced by preserved copies of medieval plaques from the monastery church were brothers of the 1210 founded mendicant order of the Franciscans ( Ordo fratrum minorum "Order of Friars Minor") 1251/1252 possibly from Lübeck , Rostock or Schwerin young in the then booming city of Wismar and established a branch. They came at the invitation of the sovereign prince and city lord of Wismar, Johann I von Mecklenburg Theologus , who had met the Franciscans of the Saxon Franciscan Province ( Saxonia ) in their monastery in Rostock, which was built around 1240. Johann, who moved his seat of power from Mecklenburg to Wismar in 1257, made a piece of land available to them, where from 1256 they verifiably built convent buildings and a small church, starting with a simple house from which a larger complex developed. The Franciscans maintained their own brickworks at times . In 1266 the monastery was given the status of a convent , for which a size of at least 12 brothers was required. As early as 1287 the provincial chapter of Saxonia , to which the convent belonged, met in the monastery in Wismar ; there were apparently enough rooms available for this in the meantime. Statements that the Franciscans took over a settlement of the Benedictines have no reliable basis, but are apparently the result of confusing the name with the Cismar monastery . The first Franciscans to be named were Thidericus as Guardian in 1255 and a brother Johannes von Wildeshausen , around 1260 a brother Hinricus .

The St. Crucis monastery ("from the Holy Cross") was located in the district of the Nikolaikirche in the north of the medieval Hanseatic city and deeper than the city center on the [platea] apud fratres [minores] "with the Friars Minor", today's Schulstrasse, west of today's ABC Street ( [platea] retro fratres [minores] "behind the Friars Minor") and south of the street known after 1400 as Kromekenhagen (today Krönkenhagen), near the "Frischen Grube", a watercourse. It was surrounded by narrow streets where millers, weavers, tanners and other craftsmen lived. Opposite the convent was the city courtyard of Princess Anastasia of Pomerania , towards the end of the 13th century two beguinages were built in close proximity to which the Franciscans kept in close contact and which they looked after with pastoral care.

The spiritual connection to the princely house and related nobles was particularly close in the early days of its existence. In the Franciscan monastery, several negotiations between Johann I Theologus and the Bishop of Ratzeburg took place in the first years - before the completion of the stately castle and Johann's move to Wismar - the brothers appeared as witnesses alongside other clerics and were thus able to establish relationships to become a bishop. Heinrich I von Mecklenburg the Pilgrim set out from the Franciscan churchyard in 1271 on the crusade , during which he was taken prisoner and from which he only came back 30 years later and brought a cross relic that he bequeathed to the Franciscan convent.

Church building

Starting in 1283, the Franciscans built a new monastery church, consecrated to their founder, Francis of Assisi , and first tore down the choir and then the nave of the old church. In 1291 the foundation stone was laid for the presumably three-aisled nave , which was vaulted in 1345 and probably had three side chapels. The new church was consecrated in 1348 and an organ was donated to it by a member of the Plessen family at the end of the 14th century . There are said to have been three painted windows in the choir, donated by Princess Anastasia in 1284 and depicting the Holy Virgin , Francis of Assisi and Anthony of Padua . According to historical plans, the church had an elongated choir around 1500. The monastery complex with a cloister adjoined the church to the south and presumably had two inner courtyards, a “cloister courtyard” at the church and a “courtyard” to the south.

Burial places

According to the inscriptions about the construction of the choir of the Franciscan Church in Wismar , the knight Helmoldus de Plessen and Princess Anastasia, wife of Heinrich the Pilgrim, provided the funds for the new construction of the choir and its inventory. The princess was a great patroness of the Franciscan order and was buried in the church choir in 1317, as were several of her children and befriended nobles. Helmold von Plesse's fourth-born son ( Helmold the Younger ) also presumably found his final resting place within the church building after his death on February 24, 1319. It was female or non-ruling male members of the princely family who were buried here, while the tomb of the ruling princes of Mecklenburg was the Doberan Minster . Mayor Hinrik van Haren , executed by the supporters of the New Council on the market square in 1427 , who suffered the loss of the Wismar fleet off Copenhagen under Lübeck Mayor Tidemann Steen , was also buried in the Church of the Gray Monks. Until the 16th century the church and churchyard of the Franciscans were the preferred burial places for several Wismar council and bourgeois families. In 1996 human bones were found on the occasion of construction and restoration work on the Great City School built on the monastery foundations; It has not been proven whether these are the tombs from the 14th century. However, the particularly close ties to the Mecklenburg Princely House ended with the death of Prince Heinrich II in 1329, who moved his residence to Sternberg in 1210 after disputes with the city of Wismar ; the last princess was Anna of Saxony, Heinrich's second wife, buried in the Franciscan church in Wismar in 1328.

Position of the monastery

During the Middle Ages, the convent achieved an important position in the city's spiritual life. Many of the Wismar friars came from Wismar bourgeois families, including many from craft families, while the wealthier families were closer to the Dominican monastery, which was established in 1293 . Obviously, sons from some families repeatedly entered the Franciscan monastery. The brothers who knew how to write were used as scribes or witnesses for legal matters (notarizations), the monastery was a meeting place for advice from the council and civic groups. At the end of the 15th century, the Wismar convent had eleven vicarages to earn a living. The monastery included servants and also female servants, some of them as tertiary arenas . For pastoral and spiritual activities, the Franciscans received endowment funds, memories and donations from the magistrate and individual citizens , also in the form of regular payments in kind. Rhine wine, malt and rolls were donated, as well as building materials, clothing and church furnishings such as candles, mass wine and hosts . A major donor, Gerbert von Warendorf, provided generous financial support for the construction of the monastery and the provincial chapter in 1287. Several religious brotherhoods maintained and endowed chapels and altars in the church. Close relationships existed with the shoemakers from Wismar, who among other things had donated an "eternal mass" at the Laurentius Altar in the Franciscan and for whom a burial place was reserved in the churchyard. With the founding of the Dominican Monastery in Wismar in 1293, also a mendicant order , the Franciscans experienced noticeable competition in terms of donations. Several legacies had the character of velvet foundations that were also given to the Dominicans and other Franciscan convents in Mecklenburg. Nevertheless, the economic situation of the Franciscans in Wismar was not completely secure throughout; repeatedly they had to ask for support. Since the beginning of the 14th century, as requested by the Pope, the administration of the secular goods of the brothers lay with secular "tutors" or "procurators" who were recruited from among the members of the Wismar Council. These are first attested in 1324.

The Wismar Franciscans maintained three appointments , smaller bases for collecting alms and as an outpost for pastoral care in the surrounding area, in Sternberg, Neubukow and Grevesmühlen , for which Prince Heinrich had given them the land in 1326; In return, the Franciscans should “pray diligently” for the princely family. The terminating area of ​​the convent in Wismar encompassed a radius of about 35 kilometers around the city, the appointments were about 20 to 30 kilometers away, about a day's walk from the mother convent. The Wismar Franciscans exercised the cura monialium , the “care for the nuns”, for the Poor Clare monastery in Ribnitz . They represented the convent of nuns as a guardian in terms of church and civil law and worked as confessors in the monastery.

The monastery in the Franciscan poverty struggle

In the Franciscan monasteries in Mecklenburg there was a clear departure from the order's original ideal of poverty when dealing with property of the convents and the individual brothers . The followers of the stricter observance movement rejected regular income, common property, pensions and real estate for the individual brothers and the community. For the Wismar monastery, however - as well as for the Dominican monastery there - from around 1320 and regularly from around 1340 annuities and personal donations to individual brothers or to the convent for distribution to its members must be proven. The assignments of the request was to by the founders increasingly requiem masses or year tied and trade fairs as an annual foundations bound in the form of altar or chapel foundations to a particular place in the monastery church.

In the internal Franciscan disputes of the 15th century over the issue of poverty, the monastery in Wismar, like the monasteries Schwerin , Rostock and Parchim , sided with the less strict convents. The Mecklenburg Dukes Magnus II and Heinrich V were determined to enforce strict observance with the mendicant orders in their area, and founded the Augustinian Hermit Monastery of Sternberg and the Franciscan Monastery of Güstrow , both of which practiced a narrow interpretation of the vow of poverty without personal and shared property; so the existing monasteries should be put under pressure. In 1493 Magnus II asked the city council of Wismar to take care of the Franciscans, as they apparently wanted to remove valuables from the monastery - possibly as a result of a dispute between two factions in the monastery over the issue of poverty. There were complaints about the way of life of the Wismarers as well as the Schwerin Franciscans.

But the existing Franciscan monasteries were "obviously not reformable" and resisted such reforms. In doing so, they did not join the conventional trend, but took a middle path, which was also propagated by the leadership of the Saxon Franciscan Province at the time: They tried to return to the poverty ideal of the founder of the order, Francis , but did not want to completely forego property and income 1509, by Pope Martin V nominated Martinianischen Constitutions on. The council of the city of Wismar confirmed this in a letter to Pope Leo X in 1515 and certified them a way of life in accordance with the rules of the order. From 1518 they belonged to the newly established Martinian Saxon Franciscan Province of St. John d. Baptist , the Saxonia S. Johannis Baptistae , which soon perished in the Reformation with all the convents belonging to it .

Reformation and dissolution of the Convention

From 1524 the Reformation reached Wismar, when in the spring of 1524 the preacher Heinrich Möllens (Henricus Mollerus) preached in the Wismarer Georgenkirche , who was in the city with the delegation of Duke Albrecht VII . He turned against the "hypocrisy of priests and monks". He met with great approval from the population, so that in 1527 he was appointed pastor of St. George. Since 1524 at the latest, two Franciscans from the Katharinenkloster Lübeck, Heinrich Never and Clemens Timme, have been preaching Protestant teachings in Wismar . Heinrich Never was the custodian of the Lübeck custodian in the Saxon Franciscan province of St. John the Baptist superior of all Mecklenburg Franciscan monasteries. Conversely, Reimar Kock von Wismar went to the Katharinenkloster in Lübeck in 1524 and preached Protestant there. They all left the order in 1527 and became evangelical preachers , Never worked as such at the monastery church. The Franciscan Church in Wismar was the first base of the Reformation in Wismar.

Other Wismar Franciscans, according to the long-time Guardian Nikolaus Fink, remained Catholic, but had to accept that the city government protected the Protestants and massively intervened in the internal affairs of the religious community. On March 14, 1525, the city leaders appeared in the monastery, accompanied by many citizens, deposed Nikolaus Fink as Guardian and made Heinrich Never his successor, contrary to the usual rule that the Guardian was elected by the members of the convention. The inventory of the monastery was cataloged, valuables were locked away. A last testamentary donation to the monastery can be proven for 1526. The brothers were allowed to stay, but no new convent member could move in. The convent was effectively abolished from 1527 at the latest. Franciscans are mentioned there for the last time in 1535.

In the course of five visitations, the city council completely collected the valuable inventory of the convent. On September 29, 1541, he set up a “children's school” in the monastery buildings, which lasted only three years. Heinrich Never, whose sermons were more influenced by Zwingli than Luther and who therefore had to accept a publication ban and in December 1541 his suspension as a predicant, was tolerated as a Guardian. On May 2, 1545, during a fourth revision, the last remains of the monastery inventory were confiscated and communalized, ostensibly because of the endangerment from stray mercenaries. The "erhafftige Lord" Heinrich Never, "Gardian of Grawen Monastery" , also received a receipt. This date can be seen as the end of the Franciscan monastery in Wismar.

The children's school was followed by an Evangelical Lutheran Latin school , later referred to as the “ Great City School ”. The church and churchyard remained burial sites until the 19th century. The church ("Graumönchenkirche") was demolished in 1816, the school buildings in the course of the 19th century due to disrepair, the current school buildings were built in 1891/1892 on the same site.

Brothers in leadership

The senior offices in the Franciscan Order are generally limited in time and their duration can vary. The superiors are usually appointed by the provincial chapter for three years, repeated appointments are possible. Names and years indicate the verifiable mention. As a rule, the brothers performed various functions one after the other in different monasteries in the order province.

Guardians

  • Dietrich (Thidericus) (1255)
  • Martin (1271)
  • Nicolaus (1321)
  • Reiner (Reynerus) of Lüneburg (1332, 1333)
  • Hermann (1354)
  • Dietrich (Thydericus) von Gandersheim (1366) (1377 confessor, 1381 guardian and procurator in the Ribnitz monastery)
  • Peter (1378/79)
  • Hermann Lubberstorp (1410/11)
  • Johann Gletzemann (1417) (1432 Guardian in Ribnitz Monastery)
  • Marquard Vrederickstorp (1430)
  • Hohannes Syverdes (1460)
  • Nicolaus / Klaus (Clauwes) Hamer (1483) (1452 Guardian in Ribnitz Abbey)
  • Marcus Schutte (1503, 1506)
  • Heinrich Küne (1509)
  • Nicolaus Finke (Fink) (1496, 1516–1525) (before 1500, 1500/1504, 1513 Guardian in the Ribnitz Monastery)
  • Heinrich Never (1525–1527) (previously custodian of the custody of Lübeck)

Vice Guardiane

  • Elerus (1378/79)
  • Petrus Vrese (1410/11)
  • Heinrich (Hinricus) Riche (1417)
  • Johannes Sovemann (1430)
  • Martin Satent (1460)
  • Heinrich (Hinrick) Stitent (1483) (1467, 1469, 1475, 1476, 1478 Guardian in Ribnitz Abbey)
  • Gregor Dene (1503/06)

Reading master

From 1327 reading masters (editors) appear in the tradition. It is unclear whether it can be concluded from this that there was a Saxonia study house in Wismar . Twelve editors are known by name.

  • John (1332)
  • Heinrich (1373) (identical to Heinrich Plüt / Plüg, 1378, 1373 also active in the monastery in Ribnitz?)
  • Johannes Zatow (1378) (from 1394 until his death in 1395 auxiliary bishop in the diocese of Schwerin )
  • Hermann Tzurow (1410/11)
  • Martin Middelborn (1417)
  • Jacob Bruwer (1430)
  • Nicolaus Hamer, elder reading master (1460)
  • Mathias Berndes, boy reading master (1460)
  • Hermann von dem Hagen, Elderly Reading Master (1483) (1493 Custodian of the Custodian Lübeck)
  • Franziscus van Rine, boy reading master (1483)
  • Detlev Lupus (1503)
  • Martin Kryse (1506)

literature

  • The Church of the Gray Monks. With a site plan of the former gray monastery. In: Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume 2: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Bärensprung et al., Schwerin et al. 1898, p. 168ff. (Reprint. Stock u. Stein, Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 ).
  • Karl Ferdinand Crain: The church book of the gray monastery at Wismar. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 6 1841, pp. 99-106.
  • Ursula Creutz: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the diocese of Berlin, the episcopal office of Schwerin and adjacent areas. Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-7462-0163-2 , pp. 458-461.
  • Wolfgang Huschner , Heiko Schäfer: Wismar, Holy Cross Monastery (Ordo Fratrum Minorum / Franziskaner). In: Wolfgang Huschner, Ernst Münch, Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner: Mecklenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, monasteries, coming and priories (10th / 11th - 16th centuries). Volume II., Rostock 2016, ISBN 978-3-356-01514-0 , pp. 1203-1228.
  • Rudolf Kleiminger : The gray monastery in Wismar. A contribution to the development of the Franciscan architecture in Mecklenburg . Eberhardtsche Hof- und Ratsbuchdruckerei, Wismar 1934.
  • Rudolf Kleiminger: The former Franciscan and Dominican monasteries in Wismar. Festschrift for the 725th anniversary of the city of Wismar oJ, pp. 13-16.
  • Dietrich Schröder: Papist Mecklenburg. Volume I, Wismar 1741, pp. 86, 475, 844,944.
  • Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. A contribution to the history of the Franciscans, Poor Clares, Dominicans and Augustinian Hermits in the Middle Ages. (= Saxonia Franciscana. 6). Dietrich-Coelde-Verlag, Werl 1995, ISBN 3-87163-216-3 , pp. 49-74, 184-204, 345-366, 419-435.

swell

Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin
    • LHAS 2.12-3 / 2 Monasteries and orders of knights. Franciscan monastery in Wismar.
    • LHAS 11.11 Regesten, Mecklenburg documents from 1400.
  • Archive of the Hanseatic City of Wismar
    • Archive of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (AHW) Dept. II: Documents, Rep. 1, A: Holdings of spiritual documents, XXXV. Minor brothers.
    • Archive of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (AHW) Section VI: Older clerical official books.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Huschner: Wismar, Holy Cross Monastery. 3.3 Dignities and offices. In: Wolfgang Huschner u. a .: Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 1203–1228, here p. 1208.
  2. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 49-58; Mecklenburg record book (MUB) II. (1864) No. 744.
  3. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 62-65.74.
  4. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 58-73.
  5. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) III. (1865) No. 1656.
    Wismar, Holy Cross Monastery , Wolfgang Huschner: 2. History. and Heiko Schäfer: 7. History of architecture and art. In: Wolfgang Huschner u. a .: Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 1203-1228, here pp. 1205 and 1218-1222.
  6. ↑ M. Naumann: The Plessen - family line from XIII. to XX. Century . Edited by Dr. Helmold von Plessen on behalf of the family association. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. CA Starke Verlag, Limburg an der Lahn 1971, p. 1. - Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher (MJB) 6 (1841) Karl Ferdinand Crain: The church book of the gray monastery in Wismar. Pp. 99-106. - Christian v. Plessen: Helmold v. Plesse (1263-1283). In: Landschaft-mv.de ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 73. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / Landschaft-mv.de
  7. ^ Large city school "Geschwister-Scholl-Gymnasium". In: scholl-wismar.com ; Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 194.
  8. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 184.
  9. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 65-68.110.184f.193f.199ff.
    Wolfgang Huschner: Wismar, Holy Cross Monastery. 4. History of property and economic order. In: Wolfgang Huschner u. a .: Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 1203-1228, here pp. 1210f.
  10. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 184.211f.314.
  11. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 197.
  12. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 185-192.
  13. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 198.321.
    Wolfgang Huschner: Wismar, Holy Cross Monastery. 5. Religious and spiritual work. In: Wolfgang Huschner u. a .: Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 1203-1228, here p. 1210F.
  14. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 321.411.
  15. ↑ Wolfgang Huschner: Wismar, Holy Cross Monastery. 2nd story. In: Wolfgang Huschner u. a .: Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 1203–1228, here p. 1206.
  16. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 316.
  17. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, pp. 345-351.
  18. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 351ff.
  19. ↑ Wolfgang Huschner: Wismar, Holy Cross Monastery. 2nd story. In: Wolfgang Huschner u. a .: Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 1203–1228, here p. 1207.
  20. ↑ Wolfgang Huschner: Wismar, Holy Cross Monastery. 3.3 Dignities and offices. In: Wolfgang Huschner u. a .: Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch Volume II., Rostock 2016, pp. 1203–1228, here p. 1208, there also the following lists, the functions in the Poor Clare monastery in Ribnitz in section 5. Religious and spiritual life , p. 1211.
  21. ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) II. (1864) No. 744, p. 58f.
  22. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) VI. (1870) No. 4269, pp. 602f.
  23. ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) VIII. No. 5315, p. 267; No. 5445, p. 379.
  24. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) XIII. No. 7952, p. 490.
  25. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) XVI. (1893) No. 9471, p. 27.
  26. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) XIX. No. 11154, pp. 358ff.
  27. ^ Archives of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (AHW) Section II: Documents, Rep. 1 A. XXXV. Minor Brothers, No. 5, 1411 May 3.
  28. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 197.
  29. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, Annex No. 5, p. 422.
  30. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, Annex No. 6, p. 423.
  31. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, Annex No. 8, p. 425f.
  32. ↑ State Main Archives Schwerin (LHAS) 11.11 Regesten, Mecklenburg documents from 1400, No. 22928.
  33. ^ Archives of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (AHW) Dept. II. Rep. 1 A. XXXV. Minor Brothers, no.14a. 1425 May 28.
  34. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 197.
  35. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 197.200; Document Annex No. 11, p. 428f.
  36. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) XIX. (1899) No. 11154, pp. 358ff.
  37. ^ Archives of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (AHW) Dept. II. Rep. 1 A. XXXV. Minor Brothers No. 5, 1411 May 3.
  38. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, Annex No. 5, p. 422.
  39. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 197; Document attachment No. 6, p. 423.
  40. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 200; Document appendix No. 8, p. 425f.
  41. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) VII. (1872) No. 4789.
  42. ↑ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) VIII. (1873) No. 5315, p. 267.
  43. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) XVIII. (1897) No. 10411, pp. 254-257.
  44. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, p. 197.
  45. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch (MUB) XIX. (1899) No. 11154, p. 359.
  46. ^ Archives of the Hanseatic City of Wismar (AHW) Dept. II. Rep. 1 A. XXXV. Minor Brothers No. 5, 1411 May 3.
  47. ^ Hamer and Berndes: Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, Annex No. 5, p. 422.
  48. ↑ von dem Hagen, van Rine: Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, Annex No. 6, p. 423.
  49. ^ Church book of the Gray Monastery, parchment sheet on the inside of the front cover.
  50. ^ Ingo Ulpts: The mendicant orders in Mecklenburg. Werl 1995, Annex No. 8, p. 425.


Coordinates: 53 ° 53 ′ 38.4 "  N , 11 ° 27 ′ 59.9"  E