Hellenistic philosophy
The Hellenistic philosophy encompasses the philosophical teachings of the time of Hellenism . It is part of the philosophy of antiquity and lasted approximately from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC. Until the end of the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt in 30 BC. Chr.
The main currents of Hellenistic philosophy were the stoic school , the teaching of the Epicureans and ancient skepticism . Schools that had arisen earlier also continued to exist, such as the Platonic Academy (Younger Academy), the Peripatos and the Kynismus . The Romans Lucretius and Cicero , strongly influenced by Greek philosophy, can also be counted among Hellenistic philosophy.
The center of Hellenistic philosophy, like that of Greek Classics, continued to be Athens , although Athens had already lost its political supremacy. So the city also attracted many foreigners who joined the philosophical schools of Athens. Athens only lost its position as the center of philosophy when, with the end of Hellenistic philosophy, it moved to Rome and later to Alexandria , Naples a . a. moved.
Philosophical schools were the place of philosophy. These schools were mostly private foundations run by a scholar . The individual schools were organized differently, membership could be loose or very permanent, but in general anyone interested could attend the lectures.
Pyrrhon of Elis | 365-275 BC Chr. | Elis | Skeptics |
Bion of Borysthenes | 355-245 BC Chr. | Olbia , Athens , Pella | Cynic |
Epicurus | 341-271 BC Chr. | Samos , Athens , Ephesus | Epicureans |
Hermarch | 340-260 BC Chr. | Athens | Epicureans |
Zeno of Kition | 333-264 BC Chr. | Kition | Stoic |
Kleanthes | 331-232 BC Chr. | Assos , Athens | Stoic |
Menippus of Gadara | 330-260 BC Chr. | Gadara | Cynic |
Ariston of Chios | 3rd century BC Chr. | Chios | Stoic |
Teles from Megara | 3rd century BC Chr. | Cynic | |
Kerkidas | 290-220 BC Chr. | Megalopoli | Cynic |
Chrysippus of Solos | 276-204 BC Chr. | Soloi , Athens | Stoic |
Diogenes of Babylon | 239-150 BC Chr. | Seleucia on the Tigris , Athens | Stoic |
Antipater of Tarsus | 200-129 BC Chr. | Tarsos , Athens | Stoic |
Zenon of Tarsus | 2nd century BC Chr. | Tarsus | Stoic |
Demetrios Lakon | 2nd century BC Chr. | Epicureans | |
Apollodorus of Athens | 2nd century BC Chr. | Athens | Epicureans |
Panaitios of Rhodes | 180-110 BC Chr. | Rhodes | Stoic |
Zenon of Sidon | 150-70 BC Chr. | Sidon | Epicureans |
Poseidonios | 135-51 BC Chr. | Apamea on the Orontes | Stoic |
Meleager | 130-60 BC Chr. | Gadara | Cynic |
Asclepiades of Bithynia | 124-60 BC Chr. | Bithynia | Epicureans |
Philodemus | 110-40 BC Chr. | Gadara , Rome | Epicureans |
Cicero | 106-43 BC Chr. | Arpino , Rome | The Academy an Interested |
Lucretius | 97-55 BC Chr. | Epicureans |
literature
- KA Algra, Jonathan Barnes , Jaap Mansfeld , M. & Schofield (eds.): The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy , CUP, Cambridge 1999.