Henri Salaman

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Victor Ferdinand Henri Salaman (born November 23, 1867 in Carcassonne , † December 13, 1910 in Niamey ) was a French officer . He is considered to be the founder of Niamey, the capital of Niger .

Life

Henri Salaman's parents were the homeowner Charles Salaman and his wife Louise Marie Salaman, née Lamarque. He joined the French army in 1889 and served in its artillery . From 1893 to 1894 he was involved in the conquest of the kingdom of Dahomey . From 1896 it was used almost continuously in Africa, and from 1899 in the area of ​​the later French colony of Niger. Salaman held the rank of captain from 1900 . In 1901 he received the Knight's Cross of the Legion of Honor .

Henri Salaman worked from 1902 to 1903 and from 1906 to 1907 as the commander of the Zarma Circle (Cercle du Djerma) in the Third Military Territory or Military Territory of Niger. The great famine Ize-Neere , which lasted from 1900 to 1903, fell during his first term of office, and he reported to his superiors about its misery, crop failures and waves of emigration. Salaman is considered to be the actual founder of the city of Niamey. He chose their location, which from May 15, 1902, instead of Sorbon Haoussa, acted as the new capital of the Zarma district. He had a military base built here, which should serve as a transshipment point for the occupation of the Third Military Territory. In order to attract local immigrants, he granted them tax exemption and exemption from forced labor in the new settlement . The use of the place name Niamey also goes back to Salaman.

In the Zarma language there was an appreciative saying: Niamé garin captan Salman. Kouara ga kanou, kouara koyo si denii. ("Niamey, the city of Captain Salaman, is a city in which one can live well, because the ruler does not get angry with his subordinates.") In 1903 Niamey replaced the old city of Zinder as the capital of the Third Military Territory . When selecting local chiefs (chefs traditionnels) of the canton of Niamey, Salaman showed less skill: He replaced Baba Sekou, who was considered uncooperative, with Baginou, a former leader of the notorious Voulet-Chanoine mission , whose administration of office met with resistance from the population was soon also discontinued. After retiring from the armed forces, Salaman was appointed director of the Nigerien trading and agricultural company Société commerciale et agricole du Moyen Niger in 1908 .

He died in Niamey in 1910, where he was also buried. In Niamey, a main street, the Avenue Salaman , which later became the Boulevard de la Liberté , was named after him. In the obsession cult Hauka , which spread from Chikal in West Africa in the 1920s , he was accepted as the spirit being "Kafaran Salma".

literature

  • Kokou Henri Motcho: Niamey, Garin Captan Salma ou l'histoire du peuplement de la ville de Niamey . In: Jérôme Aloko-N'Guessan, Amadou Diallo, Kokou Henri Motcho (eds.): Villes et organization de l'espace en Afrique . Karthala, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-8111-0339-2 , pp. 15-37 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Dossier LH / 2444/57. In: Base Léonore. Archives Nationales , accessed on October 31, 2019 (French).
  2. ^ A b André Salifou: Le Niger . L'Harmattan, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-7475-2639-9 , pp. 12-13 .
  3. ^ A b Affaire du differentend frontalier (Bénin / Niger). Contre-mémoire de la République du Niger. (PDF) Cour internationale de Justice , May 2004, pp. 214–215 , accessed on October 31, 2019 (French).
  4. ↑ Holger Weiss: Babban Yunwa . Suomen Historiallinen Seura, Helsinki 1997, ISBN 951-710-056-6 , p. 209 .
  5. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 216 .
  6. ^ A b Abdourahmane Idrissa, Samuel Decalo: Historical Dictionary of Niger . 4th edition. Scarecrow, Plymouth 2012, ISBN 978-0-8108-6094-0 , pp. xxvii .
  7. ↑ a b Kokou Henri Motcho: Niamey, Garin Captan Salma ou l'histoire du peuplement de la ville de Niamey . In: Jérôme Aloko-N'Guessan, Amadou Diallo, Kokou Henri Motcho (eds.): Villes et organization de l'espace en Afrique . Karthala, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-8111-0339-2 , pp. 16 .
  8. ^ Hilary B. Hungerford: Water, Cities, and Bodies: A Relational Understanding of Niamey, Niger . Dissertation. University of Kansas, Lawrence 2012, pp. 46 ( kuscholarworks.ku.edu [PDF; accessed October 31, 2019]).
  9. ↑ Gabriella Körling: In Search of the State. An Ethnography of Public Service Provision in Urban Niger (=  Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology . No. 51 ). Uppsala University, Uppsala 2011, ISBN 978-91-554-8127-8 , pp. 120 ( uu.diva-portal.org [PDF; accessed October 31, 2019]).
  10. ↑ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens . No. 29 , 1973, pp. 2031 .
  11. ^ Matthias Krings: Spirits of Fire. On the imagination of the foreign in the Hausa Bori cult . Lit, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-8258-3399-2 , pp. 150 .
personal data
SURNAME Salaman, Henri
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Salaman, Victor Ferdinand Henri (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French officer
DATE OF BIRTH November 23, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Carcassonne
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 1910
Place of death Niamey