Henri d'Escoubleau de Sourdis
Henri d'Escoubleau de Sourdis (~ February 20, 1593 , † June 18, 1645 in Auteuil ) was a French prince and naval officer of the 17th century. He was Bishop of Maillezais from 1623 to 1629 and Archbishop of Bordeaux from 1629, also took on as Lieutenant General of the Royal Navy and Louis XIII. took part in the essential military operations of his time.
Life
He was the youngest son of François d'Escoubleau, Marquis de Sourdis et d ' Alluye , Governor of Chartres and Premier Écuyer de la Grande Écurie , and Isabelle Babou de La Bourdaisière , Dame d'Alluye, the aunt of Gabrielle d'Estrées . Henri d'Escoubleau spent his childhood in the castle of Jouy-en-Josas . He was baptized on February 20, 1593 in the Church of Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois . He was intended for a church career and received his training in humanities ( humanités ) and philosophy at the Collège de Navarre ; He then studied law and graduated with a doctorate in utroque iure (i.e. canon law and private law ). He received the tonsure in May 1605, he remained a simple clergyman until his appointment as bishop, but was also Commendatabab of the Abbey of Saint-Jouin in the Diocese of Poitiers . His uncle Henri d'Escoubleau, long-time bishop of Maillezais , died in 1615, his brother, the Cardinal François d'Escoubleau de Sourdis , resigned as coadjutor in the diocese of Maillezais on March 23, 1615 , the change was made on May 18, 1616 approved. For consecrated bishop but was only on March 19 1623rd
He took part in the Thirty Years War and as Intendant de l'artillerie in the siege of La Rochelle (1627-1628) . The following year he took over the office of Archbishop of Bordeaux from his brother François d'Escoubleau de Sourdis. This succession, which had been agreed years earlier, was confirmed by a decree from Cardinal Richelieu .
During the affair of the Devil of Loudun he tried to get the public unrest under control by interning the "sick" and putting an end to the exorcisms , but was quickly seized by Cardinal Richelieu, who faced the dismantling of the Huguenot influence in the region took advantage of these events and sent Jean Martin, Baron de Laubardement, as his agent.
Sourdis was appointed commander in the Ordre du Saint-Esprit on May 14, 1633 . The following year, Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette , the governor of Guyenne , knocked his bishop's cap off his head with a blow of a stick during a procession. Since the archbishop was forbidden to duel, he demanded the excommunication of the attacker, but only managed to fix him at his Château de Plassac .
In addition to his church office, he carried out his military activities and took part in the liberation of the Île Sainte-Marguerite with the battle of the Îles de Lérins (1637) . He succeeded in ousting Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy , Vice Admiral of France, from his post. In view of his qualities as navigator, he was made lieutenant general and commander of the Flotte du Ponant , distinguished himself in the naval battle of Getaria (August 22, 1638) and the naval battle of Laredo against the Spanish, but was also at the defeat of Fontarrabie on September 7, 1638. He tried to shift the blame for the defeat on one of his officers, Bernard de Nogaret de La Valette d'Épernon , who is said to have disobeyed his orders to launch the attack for fear of failure. Sourdis received support from Richelieu in this matter, but was nevertheless replaced by Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé and transferred to the Flotte du Levant . In his new area of operations he supported the Comte d'Harcourt and the Italian army in the siege of Casale (1640), but failed the following year with the blockade of the port of Tarragona . After further military setbacks against the Spaniards, he was accused of treason and, despite the protests of his officers, lost Richelieu's favor. He was in Provence until he got permission from Louis XIII. received to return to his diocese of Bordeaux. However, he was removed from office by the Pope for his military activities as Archbishop. Sourdis died in Auteuil in 1645.
Remarks
- ↑ Bernard de La Valette was the son of the above mentioned by Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette.
- ↑ Richelieu's niece had an unhappy marriage to Bernard de La Valette.
swell
- Eugène Sue , Correspondance de Henri d'Escoubleau de Sourdis: augmentée des ordres, instructions, et lettres de Louis XIII et du Cardinal de Richelieu a M. de Sourdis concernant les opérations des flottes françaises de 1636 à 1642, et accompagnée d'un texte historique, de notes, et d'une introduction sur l'état de la Marine en France sous le ministère du Cardinal de Richelieu , Imprimérie de Crapelet, Paris, 1839
literature
- Bastien Idot, Henri d'Escoubleau de Sourdis, un prélat dans les armées , Tours, Master's thesis under the direction of Michel Vergé-Franceschi, 2012.
- Guy Le Moing, Les 600 plus grandes batailles navales de l'Histoire , Marines Editions, 2011
- Jean Meyer, Martine Acerra, Histoire de la marine française , Rennes, éditions Ouest-France, 1994
- Jean-Christian Petitfils, Louis XIII , éditions Perrin, 2008
- Étienne Taillemite, Maurice Dupont, Les Guerres navales françaises du Moyen Âge à la guerre du Golfe , Kronos collection, 1996
- Ètienne Taillemite, Dictionnaire des marins français , éditions Tallandier, 2002
- Michel Vergé-Franceschi (ed.), Dictionnaire d'Histoire maritime , éditions Robert Laffont, collection Bouquins, 2002
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sourdis, Henri d'Escoubleau de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Admiral, Archbishop of Bordeaux |
| DATE OF BIRTH | uncertain: February 20, 1593 |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 18, 1645 |
| Place of death | Auteuil |