Herluf trolls
Herluf Trolle (* 14. January 1516 in Castle Lillö , municipality of Kristianstad , † 25. June 1565 in Copenhagen ) was a Danish naval hero Admiral and in the Northern Seven Years' War . As a humanist , he and his wife Birgitte Gøye promoted the Danish school system by providing financial support, founding and running Latin schools .
Life
Trolle came from a noble family of Swedish origin, the Trolle , and was born as the son of Admiral Joachim Trolle († 1546) and his wife Magaretha nee. Schaffue († 1534) born. After attending school in Copenhagen, Trolle studied from the winter semester of 1536 at the University of Wittenberg , where he absorbed the thoughts and teachings of Philipp Melanchthon , with whom he remained in lively correspondence even after his studies. He married Birgitte († July 26, 1574), the very wealthy daughter of the Danish imperial court master, Mogens Gøye, and became a member of the Danish imperial council in 1557. Trolls served the kings Christian III. as well as Friedrich II. as advisor and diplomat in important missions.
His great enemy was a nephew of his wife, the Danish Finance Minister Peder Oxe , against whom he had to investigate because of irregularities on behalf of Frederick II. Together with his wife, he promoted the education system from private funds. The two founded schools and stimulated teaching and research. By them in 1560 in a former Benedictine monastery , founded boarding school in Herlufsholm in Næstved in the southwest of the main Danish island of Zealand is still a school and boarding school.
The translation of the Te Deum and several psalms into Danish verse testify to his learned piety and poetry . These transmissions were still represented in the hymn book of the Danish national church from 1902 (Psalmebog 1902) . The library he founded in Herlufsholm was sold to the then new University of Odense in 1968 .
Military background
Trolle was appointed Holmadmiral and inspector of the fleet in 1559 under the Danish commander in chief of the fleet, Admiral Peder Skram . After Peder Skram had held command himself in the Three Crowns War off Gotland in 1562 , Trolle succeeded him as Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet and Holmadmiral in 1563. On May 31, 1564 there was a naval battle between the northern end of the island of Öland and the island of Gotland with a fleet consisting of 21 Danish liners and five smaller units and reinforced by six allied Lübeck liners under Friedrich Knebel .
The Swedish flagship Makeloes was boarded by Lübeckers and Danes, and the Swedish admiral Jakob Bagge was captured. The Makeloes exploded after boarding and around 300 Danish and Lübeck marines of the boarding crew were killed along with the Swedish crews who had survived so far. The remaining Swedish fleet withdrew into the Stockholm archipelago without a driver.
In another sea battle in the sea area between the entrance to the Öresund and the islands of Fehmarn in the west and Bornholm in the east, Trolle met again on June 4, 1565 with the support of Lübeck and a total of 33 ships on the Swedish fleet under the Swedish admiral Claus Horn , who came from Finland . The sea battle ended in a draw because the material had to be repaired on both sides. Trolle had been seriously wounded, but refused treatment to the ship's doctor until all subordinates had been treated.
He died as a result of his injuries on June 25, 1565 in Copenhagen and was buried in the former monastery church of Herlufsholm. The tomb for him and his wife († 1574) was created by the Flemish sculptor Cornelis Floris II.
Honors
Theodor Fontane described the dead admiral's return to Herlufsholm in his ballad Admiral Herluf Trolle's funeral . It extols Trolle's exemplary blend of bravery and generous piety.
In 1899 , the Danish Navy named a coastal armored ship Herluf Trolle in his honor , which was named after a class of warships as the lead ship. 1967–1990 a Danish frigate of the Peder Skram class bore his name.
literature
- Antjekathrin Graßmann (Ed.): Lübeckische Geschichte , 1989, ISBN 3-7950-3203-2
- Hermann Kirchhoff : Sea power in the Baltic Sea. Volume II: Their influence on the history of the Baltic countries in the 19th century. In addition to an appendix on the prehistory of the Baltic Sea. Kiel 1908, p. 286289 digitized
Web links
- Entry on the Herlufsholm library in the online manual of historical book collections
- Fontane's ballad
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tjugondefemte Delen: handlingar rörande Scandinavia historia. Hörbergska Boktryckiet, Stockholm, 1854, p. 34
- ^ Karl Eduard Förstemann: Album Academiae Vitebergensis. Leipzig, 1841, p. 163
- ↑ Jens Worm: Forsøg til et lexicon over danske, norske og islandske herde mænd, 1771, p. 428
- ↑ The office of Reichshofmeister came into being around 1430 and was the highest state office in the Danish Empire. He was a kind of prime minister and representative of the king. In addition to his prominent constitutional position, he had a number of important tasks, even if his duties were not clearly defined. In the 16th century he headed the financial administration and was in charge of the rent chamber and customs.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Trolls, Herluf |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Danish admiral and naval hero in the three-crown war |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 14, 1516 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | at Lillö Castle, Kristianstad (municipality) |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 25, 1565 |
| Place of death | Copenhagen |