Hermann von Goch

Hermann von Goch (* 14th century ; † May 7, 1398 in Cologne ) was a German cleric and businessman in Cologne.

Life

Hermann von Goch probably comes from an aristocratic family on the Lower Rhine . His dates of birth are as yet unknown, as are details of his early life. He was first attested in writing in 1365 as a canon by Kaiserwerth . There he became a member of the city ​​council and soon became a confidante of numerous nobles such as Emperor Charles IV , the dukes of Jülich and Geldern , the counts of Berg and Moers , whom he helped out in financial difficulties and thus earned a considerable fortune. In 1378 he became private secretary to Archbishop Friedrich III of Cologne . von Saar Werden and its keeper of the seal . Thanks to his skillful management, he quickly became the largest landowner in Cologne, where he owned more than 45 houses and aristocratic houses. In addition to the property, this brought him further rights to agricultural land, brewing rights and lavish leases. The Gruitrecht transferred by the archbishop also gave him a monopoly over the diocese's breweries . Also in 1378 Charles IV exempted Goch from all tax and customs duties . In 1381 he was granted citizenship in Neuss and in 1385 in Cologne , where, while still holding clerical dignity, he married the Cologne merchant's daughter Irmgard von der Kemenate. He married the five daughters resulting from the connection to Lombard banker and Cologne merchant families. His four sons also became clergy and were richly endowed by their father. The marriage was subsequently legitimized in 1385 by the antipope Clement VII and Goch was dismissed from the priesthood. Clemens VII requested Goch's support against the Archbishop of Cologne, Friedrich III, who was on the side of Urban . After the reorganization of the Cologne city constitution in 1396 and the signing of the Verbundbrief , on the basis of which the council was elected by the guild representatives, the envy and resentment of the Cologne patricians grew towards Goch's wealth and influence. They filed several lawsuits against him, accusing him of embezzlement and conspiracy . Goch was imprisoned for six months in 1393 and 1394 and only released against heavy fines. In 1398 Hermann von Goch and other patricians were accused of conspiracy and extorted a confession from him under torture . On May 7, 1398, he and his brother-in-law Goswin were beheaded by the bower.

Hermann von Goch's personal effects, confiscated when he was captured, are in the possession of the Cologne City Museum , and his very detailed diary has been kept in the historical archive of the City of Cologne .

The daughter Stina was since 1392 married to the immigrant from Italy Cologne citizens Anton Vlegeti from branch (i). Her son Ludwig von Ast rose to be Chancellor of the Electorate of the Palatinate and elected Prince-Bishop of Worms .

literature

• Georg Droege :  Goch, Hermann von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 492 ( digitized version ).
• Hermann Cardauns :  Goch, Hermann von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 302.
• Hilar Schwarz:  Goch, Hermann von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 49, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, p. 421 f.
• Franz Irsigler: Hermann von Goch. In: Rheinische Lebensbilder. Volume 8, Society for Rhenish History, Rheinland Verlag, Cologne 1980, (article as PDF document)
• The estate of Hermann von Goch . In: Werner Schäfke, Marcus Trier (Hrsg.): Middle Ages in Cologne: a selection from the holdings of the Cologne City Museum . Emons, Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-89705-654-1 , p. 137-166 .
• Christa-Maria Zimmermann: A millionaire from Kaiserswerth - The unusual career of canon Hermann von Goch. In: Heimat-Jahrbuch Wittlaer 2005. Volume 26, Ratingen 2005, pp. 115–123.

Web links

• Hermann von Goch's estate , accessed February 1, 2011

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b c} Hermann Cardauns:  Goch, Hermann von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 302.
2. ↑ Georg Droege:  Goch, Hermann von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 492 ( digitized version ).
3. ^ Franz Irsigler: Hermann von Goch as a Cologne landlord . In: Edith Ennen, Dietrich Höroldt (Hrsg.): From history and folklore of the city and area of ​​Bonn. Festschrift for Joseph Dietz on the occasion of his 80th birthday . Röhrscheid, Bonn 1973, ISBN 3-7928-0333-X , p. 79-88 .
4. ↑ ^{a b} museenkoeln.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ^ The estate of Hermann von Goch . In: Werner Schäfke, Marcus Trier (Hrsg.): Middle Ages in Cologne: a selection from the holdings of the Cologne City Museum . Emons, Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-89705-654-1 , p. 137-166 .
6. ↑ Edith Ennen: Women in the Middle Ages. Beck Verlag, 1987, ISBN 3-406-32134-8 , p. 169; (Detail scan)
7. ↑ Alfred Haverkamp: On the history of the Jews in Germany in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Volume 24 of: Monographs on the history of the Middle Ages. Hiersemann Verlag, 1981, ISBN 3-7772-8112-3 , p. 137; (Detail scan)
8. ^ Edith Ennen: Festschrift Matthias Zender: Studies on folk culture, language and regional history. Volume 2, L. Röhrscheid Verlag, 1972, ISBN 3-7928-0327-5 , p. 639. (detail scan)