Herzogskolleg

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Illumination around 1400. Left: Duke Albrecht III. hands over the Herzogskolleg to the university. Right: A theological lecture

The Duke's College ( Latin Collegium ducale ) in Vienna was founded in 1384 by Duke Albrecht III. founded, then rebuilt and opened the following year. The term "Herzogskolleg" refers to both the building and the associated university operations. The building was an important part of the University of Vienna, between 1625 and 1650 the Old University , which is still preserved today, was built in its place .

University building

Right the Jesuit monastery (Old University) together with Stoeckl building and observatory tower, left the Dominican church (along the old Dominican square, today Postgasse seen; Bernardo Bellotto vlg Canaletto, 1760).

The University of Vienna was founded in 1365 by Duke Rudolf IV (nicknamed "the founder"). Initially, the lectures took place in the St. Stephan Citizens' School . There was a significant strengthening and expansion in 1384: Rudolf's brother, Duke Albrecht III, appointed professors from the renowned Paris University , where the schism caused by competing popes had led to parties within the professorships. Albrecht obtained papal permission to found a theological faculty , and he gave the university its first own complex, the Duke's College. This was at today's address Postgasse 7-9 , opposite the Dominican monastery .

The deed of incorporation is issued in 1384. This was followed by a renovation and finally the opening in 1385. The historical specialist literature is not uniform with the indication of the beginning of the Herzogskolleg, but states either one or the other year. The Herzogskolleg consisted of three three-story buildings with two courtyards and a tower that was used for sky observation. On the first floor there was an auditorium for festive university acts . There were three lecture halls for the artists' faculty, and one lecture room each for the doctors and the theologians.

A miniature in a copy made around 1400 of the late Middle High German translation of the Latin work Rationale divinorum officiorum by Guilelmus Durandus von Mende represents the original ducal college (see picture).

The university subsequently received additional buildings: the law school ( Collegium iuristarum , 1385) and the house of doctors (1419). Due to the increasing need for space, the Herzogskolleg was expanded to include a new building in 1423–1425, the New School ( Nova structura at Bäckerstraße 13 ). There was an auditorium, a library, dining rooms and lecture halls for all faculties. Student houses ( bursas ) were built around the Herzogskolleg . The numerous university buildings in Vienna's Stubenviertel made it the “university quarter”.

On the site of the medieval ducal college and several other houses, early Baroque, still preserved buildings for the Jesuit college were built in the 17th century, today known as the Old University (Jesuit college and university were merged in 1551, the order was revoked in 1773).

The teachers at the Herzogskolleg

In the Herzogskolleg not only lectures were given, there also lived fourteen unmarried, permanently paid teachers, two doctors of theology and twelve masters from the artist faculty. These masters taught at the artist faculty , but were at the same time students of theology. The celibacy recalls the clerical roots of the University: Until 1537, the salaried artists Magister were bound to celibacy, as the university rector to 1534th

A prior was at the head of this community. The artist masters were not specialist editors; the topics of the lectures of the coming semester were assigned to them as part of the “book distribution”, as were the other Masters, who were paid for with audience fees.

The Herzogskolleg was in the tradition of scholasticism . The humanistic poet college founded in 1501 was a competition.

literature

  • Günther Hamann , Kurt Mühlberger , Franz Skacel (eds.): The old university quarter in Vienna, 1385–1985 (= writings from the archives of the University of Vienna ; 2). Vienna 1985.
  • Kurt Mühlberger: Viennese student courses and codrices in the change from the 15th to the 16th century . In: Kurt Mühlberger, Thomas Maisel (ed.): Aspects of educational and university history. 16th to 19th centuries (documents from the archives of the University of Vienna; 7). Vienna 1993, pp. 129-190.
  • Kurt Mühlberger: The University of Vienna. Brief glimpses of a long story. Vienna 1996.
  • Paul Uiblein: The University of Vienna in the Middle Ages. Contributions and research (publications of the archives of the University of Vienna; 11), ed. by Kurt Mühlberger, Karl Kadletz. Vienna 1999.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 1385 gives Uiblein: Universität Wien , 1999, p. 81, for the purchase of the building in the Schönlaterngasse from the Lilienfeld Abbey .
  2. ^ Mühlberger: University of Vienna , 1996, p. 14.
  3. ↑ Description of the content of the Rationale… , which is accessible on CD-ROM. ( Memento of the original from June 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / hollinek.at
  4. ↑ On the teachers, see Mühlberger: Studentenbursen , 1993, pp. 139–150: Burse or Kolleg? .
  5. ^ Franz Graf-Stuhlhofer : Humanism between court and university. Georg Tannstetter (Collimitius) and his scientific environment in Vienna in the early 16th century (= publication series of the University Archives, University of Vienna ; 8). Vienna 1996, p. 41 f. There is also further literature on the Herzogskolleg.

Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 30.5 ″  N , 16 ° 22 ′ 42.3 ″  E