Bäckerstraße (Vienna)
| Backerstrasse | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
|
| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna Inner City |
| District | Inner city |
| Created | in the 11th century |
| Hist. Names | Vordere Peckenstrasse, Obere Peckenstrasse |
| Cross streets | Essiggasse , Windhaaggasse, Postgasse |
| Places | Lugeck , Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz , Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Platz |
| Buildings | Old University (Vienna) |
| use | |
| User groups | Car traffic , bicycle traffic , pedestrian traffic |
| Road design | one way street |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 360 meters |
The Baker Street is on the 1st Viennese district of Inner City . It goes back to an early medieval market square and today has the best preserved Renaissance town houses in downtown Vienna.
history
In the 11th century the extension of the former was just north via principalis dextra in front of the walls of the old Roman camp or the babenbergerzeitlichen city walls of Vienna, a lens anger shaped marketplace, which by today's streets Sonnenfelsgasse in the North and Baker Street is marked in the south and towards the main street Landstrasser continues . Foreign merchants settled here, as can still be seen today from the names Kölner Hof or Regensburger Hof . They brought goods from the west via today's Mariahilfer Strasse and the Kohlmarkt to store and sell them. It is possible that a resale to the east took place at that time, although the stacking right only existed from 1221.
At the end of the 12th century the market square was enclosed by the new city wall and was now within Vienna. Since there was no direct access to a city gate from here, the area was disadvantaged compared to the neighboring Wollzeile, which led to the Stubentor , and gradually lost its economic importance. As a result of these circumstances, a market square in its original size was soon no longer required and a row of houses was gradually built in its center, starting with the Regensburger Hof . As a result, two parallel streets were created from the former square, which were called Obere and Untere or Vordere and Hintere Peckenstraße since the beginning of the 14th century, as a few bakers worked in the area.
To the east of it was the old university quarter around today's Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz , which was heavily altered structurally by the Jesuits in the 18th century. At that time, Bäckerstrasse was extended by creating access to the Dominican monastery and thus further to the Stubentor. However, this measure no longer had any effect on the economic development of the former marketplace.
Until 1857 the name Obere Bäckerstraße was demonstrably used for the section between Lugeck and Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz , the extension was called Schulgasse . Since 1862 the entire street has been called Bäckerstraße , while the former northern part of the market square, Untere Bäckerstraße , is called Sonnenfelsgasse .
Location and characteristics
Bäckerstraße runs from Lugeck in a south-easterly direction to Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz and from there through the Old University and a residential complex from the 20th century to Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Platz. In terms of traffic, it is relatively closed and very narrow, which is why the historically older part between Lugeck and Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz is a one-way street. The car traffic is correspondingly low; There is also no public transport on Bäckerstraße, the Stubentor underground station is at Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Platz . Cyclists can use the Bäckerstraße as a connection between Rotenturmstraße and Ringstraße. The volume of pedestrian traffic is greater, especially in the western part of Bäckerstrasse by tourists.
The construction of the Bäckerstraße consists of high four-story town houses, some of the cores of which date back to the Middle Ages. The preserved Renaissance houses are particularly important for Vienna . There are also houses from the Baroque and Historicism periods . Around the Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz is the baroque building of the New Aula, now the Academy of Sciences, built in 1755, as well as other buildings of the Old University. There is also a building dating from around 1900, while the easternmost section of the street runs through a residential courtyard from 1938. There the Bäckerstraße is bridged twice by the residential buildings. All buildings on Bäckerstrasse are listed as historical monuments .
There are numerous restaurants and catering establishments on Bäckerstraße, including the restaurant by Hans Figlmüller, also known internationally for its Wiener Schnitzel, and the Oswald & Kalb restaurant.
Building
No. 1 Regensburger Hof
→ see main article Regensburger Hof
The late historical rental and commercial building was built in 1897 by Franz von Neumann in place of the abandoned Regensburg court . This was mentioned as early as 1410 as the seat of the southern German merchants. A plaque commemorates the festival of Niklas Tischler that took place in 1470, at which Emperor Friedrich III. and the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus met. The building is at the main address Lugeck 4.
No. 2 Tent-tailor house
The four-storey town house has a facade from 1706/07, but its core dates back to the late Middle Ages and was rebuilt in 1641. The asymmetrical facade is structured by stone-framed windows with straight roofs and curved sills , which consist of double windows on the left. In between there is plaster decoration in the form of tendrils and garlands. A frieze with foliage and masquerons can be seen under the eaves. The figure of Maria Immaculata with putti from the first quarter of the 18th century is located in an oval niche on the first floor on the right . The bulging arch portal of the house has a volute-supported, concave roof and a coat of arms cartouche. There are pawlatschen passages in the square inner courtyard ; from here a residential tower with a pyramid roof can be seen. The house well with shaft from the 14th / 15th centuries Century, like the residential tower, is one of the oldest parts of the house. The spacious cellars with barrel and lancet barrel vaults date from the mid-16th century to the 2nd quarter of the 17th century.
No. 3 townhouse
The palais-like baroque town house, which extends as far as Sonnenfelsgasse, dates from the second half of the 16th century. In the first quarter of the 18th century it was changed in the Baroque style and finally underwent another renovation in 1855 by Anton Grünn . The facade is characterized by a flat central projection, the storeys are summarized by plastered fields. The central pilaster portal from the 1st quarter of the 18th century is crowned with a convex lattice balcony and vases. Pawlatschen can be seen in the square inner courtyard. A remarkable four-pillar staircase still has original wrought iron railings.
No. 4 Early historic residential and commercial building
The through-house was built in 1845/47 by Franz Schlierholz as a residential and commercial building. The KIX bar, which was designed by Oskar Putz in 1988, is located on Bäckerstraße. The building is at the main address Wollzeile 9.
No. 5 Scharschellisches House
The core of the community center, which stretches back to Sonnenfelsgasse, was built in 1566/86, heightened in 1662/82 and received a new facade around 1726/30. Finally, Johann Öscher added the 4th floor to the building in 1799. The stone arched portal with a base from the Renaissance period is particularly noteworthy. The stone house number boards date from the 2nd half of the 18th century. On the similarly designed rear facade in Sonnenfelsgasse there is a stone lion sculpture from the 16th century between the 1st and 2nd floors. Inside, various old architectural details have to be taken into account, such as lattice doors, spiral staircases, groin vaults or two-storey cellars.
No. 6 Early historic rental house
The early historical rental house, like the neighboring building, was built by Franz Schlierholz in 1846. The facade is grooved throughout, the windows are suspected. This is where Hans Figlmüller's restaurant, known for its Wiener Schnitzel, is located .
No. 7 House Stampa
The core of the important Renaissance town house dates from the first half of the 13th century, with the foundation and cellar walls of two previous buildings also being discovered. Probably between 1368 and 1373 Jakob von Tirna had the building added with a residential tower. The current appearance was achieved in 1561–65 through a renovation that was carried out by Antonio von Stampa, a merchant from Graubünden . At that time the house was extended and provided with its arcade courtyard, stairs and cellar. Around 1773, changes were made again, during which the court arcades were closed.
The facade is double- banded in the base , the suspected windows are drawn together vertically by framed parapet fields . A two-storey tower structure can be seen on the left side of the building, which was expanded to a full storey around 1700. The arched portal was provided with a curved cornice roofing on consoles around 1773. The rear facade in Sonnenfelsgasse is designed in the same way.
The inner courtyard, which is one of the few preserved columned arcade courtyards from the Renaissance period in Vienna, is remarkable. The four-story arcades on two sides are partly walled up and partly glazed. The first and second floors are Tuscan columns and the upper floors are Ionic columns. The arcades are vaulted with groin vaults, with partly original brick floors. The north-western corner on the ground floor was used as a horse stable, so there are horse troughs and metal feeders here. A statue of Our Lady comes from the 18th century. On the south side of the courtyard there are pawlats from around 1773, on the walls of which remarkable wrought iron work from the Amerlingschlössel (17th - 19th centuries) is exhibited.
The stairways in the house are also remarkable. The two-armed house staircase with groin vaults over the pedestals and needle cap barrel ends from 1561 to 1565 is the oldest surviving staircase of this type in Vienna. The wooden hollow spiral staircase leading to the tower is also an important post-Gothic work.
No. 8 Former Palais Seitern
The core of Fünfkirchner's house dates from the middle of the 16th century. In 1700 it was acquired by the Counts of Fünfkirchen and converted into an aristocratic palace from 1722. A few years later it went to Franz Karl von Seitern, whose name it still bears today. The facade is characterized by a shallow central projection, which has double pilasters with strong volute brackets on the sides and a double portal in the base zone. The gable roofs in the bel étage are richly decorated with leaves, tendrils and masks. The cordon cornice structure of the house stands out clearly.
The Morawa bookstore is in the house .
No. 9 Windhagsches Stiftungshaus
The building was a remarkable Renaissance town house built in 1559 for the mayor of Vienna, Johannes Thau. In 1648 it came into the possession of Joachim Freiherr von Windhag, who founded a spiritual alumnate that existed from 1682 to 1784 . In 1840 Adalbert Stifter lived here . The house with its Renaissance arcaded courtyard was largely destroyed by bombs in 1944, so that only the facade in Bäckerstraße up to the first floor was preserved. In 1951/52 the interior was completely rebuilt.
The Renaissance arched portal in a rectangular frame should be emphasized. It shows the building inscription 1559 and a coat of arms. Above it is a window crowned with volutes and vases, which was combined with the portal at the beginning of the 17th century by volutes set with palmettes. Above the window there is a heraldic cartouche, to the left of it a richly ornamented niche from the 3rd quarter of the 17th century with a Virgin Mary of the Mariahilf type around 1700.
Cafe Alt Wien is in the house .
No. 10 Former Palais Nimptsch
The late Renaissance palace, which was built before 1639, is on the corner of Essiggasse . In 1775 the building came into the possession of the Counts of Nimptsch , who had Franz Duschinger carry out modifications in 1789 . Adolf Korompay added a floor to the building in 1838 and redesigned the facade in the late Classicist style. This is grooved throughout with an additional window structure. The windows on the first floor are suspected of being triangular. The portal with Hermen pilasters dates from the Renaissance period. On its sides there are caryatids , which have a lattice balcony with the coat of arms of those of Nimptsch. Well-preserved drawer doors from the end of the 18th century can be seen in the trapezoidal courtyard with pavement walkways. The spacious two-pillar staircase with groin vaults above the platforms is the oldest preserved staircase of this type in Vienna. The cellar with its stone arched portal also dates from the construction period.
No. 11 New Aula of the Old University
→ see main article Old University (Vienna)
In 1753–55, Jean Nicolas Jadot de Ville-Issey built the baroque-classical New Aula of the Old University, one of the most important monumental buildings from the time of Maria Theresa . The new auditorium provided space for all four faculties and the university observatory. The Austrian Academy of Sciences has been located here since 1857 . The main front is at Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz 2, the side fronts in Bäckerstraße and Sonnenfelsgasse.
The simpler side front has a central projectile with a baluster balcony . The triangular pediments of the risalites show the Hungarian coat of arms.
No. 12 Where the cow plays on the board
The community center is one of the few residential buildings in Vienna with a visible early Gothic structure. The early Gothic core with the entrance dates from the 2nd half of the 13th century. In the 15th century the Manntürl was created, in the 1st half of the 16th century the facade paintings, in the 2nd half of the 16th century the bay window and the local stone painting, and in the 4th quarter of the 17th century the facade was designed. In 1978/79 the wall paintings were exposed.
The façade, which is integrated into the town stone, has a grooved base zone. The window axes are drawn together vertically by parapet frame fields and have straight roofs. A flat bay window rests on stone consoles on the left side of the facade. Underneath there is a stone round arch portal and a small Gothic pointed arch portal. On the right corner of the facade between the 1st and 2nd floors you can see colored local stone decor, next to the bay window a remarkable wall painting showing a cow with glasses and a wolf playing trick tracks with each other . In the inner courtyard, stones from the 2nd half of the 13th century can be seen on the east wall, as well as medieval quarry stone walls can still be found in the cellar. Particularly noteworthy is the barrel-vaulted driveway with six early Gothic round and ogival slotted windows, and the left wall with its original early Gothic plastering and red joint painting.
No. 13 Jesuit College
→ see main article Old University (Vienna)
This part of the Old University was the Jesuit College, i.e. the Jesuit monastery adjacent to the Jesuit Church. This is a building complex built in 1624 with a large inner courtyard between Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz, Bäckerstraße, Postgasse and Schönlaterngasse. Bäckerstrasse is spanned by two candle arches from the Jesuit college to the old auditorium. The observatory wing, which originally had an eight-story observatory tower, is located on Bäckerstraße. Its upper floors were demolished.
No. 14 Renaissance town house
The core of the building dates from the 14th century and was rebuilt in the 4th quarter of the 16th century. The façade is framed in stone, the base zone is square. On the straight window canopies you can see decoration in the form of lions' heads and garlands. On the first floor there is a round arch niche with a stone sculpture of the Madonna and Child from the construction period. A wide bay window rests on ornamented stone consoles and consists of double windows or narrow side windows with overhanging roofs. The arched portal has presented Tuscan half-columns and a cranked entablature zone. The medieval residential tower in the courtyard was adapted as a staircase tower at the end of the 16th century. Here is a corridor with bottle balusters resting on a mighty Tuscan stone column with glazed pawlats from the 2nd half of the 19th century.
The restaurant Oswald & Kalb, founded in 1979 by Kurt Kalb, and the art dealership Hummel, designed by Hermann Czech in 1978/80, are located in the house .
No. 16 Early Baroque town house
The core of the building dates from the first half of the 13th century and was expanded in 1525/35. A basic design took place in 1563/66, the courtyard tower was built after 1646. In 1712 two storeys were added and the facade was redesigned. This is structured by grooved pilaster strips, the window axes are grouped vertically. On the 1st and 2nd floors the roofing windows are lavishly decorated with shells and tendrils. The rustic pilaster portal is framed on the inside and has a gable roof. The baroque roof structure with carved posts and the tower structure that can be reached from here (after 1646) are well preserved. The inner courtyard with stone-framed windows and wrought-iron walkways is roofed over in a modern way. In the southwest corner there is a cellar room from the 1st half of the 13th century with an opus spicatum and a late Romanesque round arch portal as well as an S-shaped connecting passage and a medieval well shaft with quarry stone masonry.
The Austrian Tourist Club has been located in the house since 1935 and operates a climbing hall in the covered courtyard.
No. 18 rental house
The rental house was built in 1904 by Rudolf Demski in secessionist style on the site of the Baroque Palais Albrecht , which was demolished in 1903 . The six-storey building is structured by bay windows and fitted with secessionist facade decor. The lattice door, the foyer and staircase with stucco, terrazzo floor and railing are partly still original. Today the Jesuit order is located in the building.
No. 20 old auditorium
→ see main article Old University (Vienna)
The old auditorium, which can be reached via 2 candle arches from the Jesuit college, was built from 1624 as a representative building for the old university. The ground floor was used as a meeting room, above that there were lecture halls and on the second floor was the theater hall, which was completed in 1654. This was redesigned in 1733–36 and provided with an illusionistic ceiling painting in the auditorium area by Anton Hertzog and Franz Anton Danne. It shows the Assumption of Mary into heaven. However, the theater machinery and the set of decorations were sold as early as 1754, and in 1761 theater was banned.
No. 22 residential and commercial building
The late historical residential and commercial building in neo-baroque forms, built by Anton Gürlich in 1901/02, is at the main address Wollzeile 33.
literature
- Bäckerstraße (Vienna) in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Wien. I. District - Inner City . Berger publishing house: Horn 2003, ISBN 3-85028-366-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 31.9 ″ N , 16 ° 22 ′ 36.4 ″ E