Mice barley

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mice barley
Mouse barley (Hordeum murinum)

Mouse barley ( Hordeum murinum )

Systematics
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Tribe : Triticeae
Genre : Barley ( hordeum )
Type : Mice barley
Scientific name
Hordeum murinum
L.

The mouse barley ( Hordeum murinum ) is a species of the genus barley ( Hordeum ) within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). It is often viewed as a " weed " in Central Europe . It is unsuitable as forage grass because the awns can cause irritation of the mucous membrane.

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 5
Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum , spikelet triplet; A: side view; B: soffit; C / D: Top view, on a piece of the spindle (x) sit a middle spikelet and two stalked side spikelets (spi, spicula). These each have two awn-shaped glumes (Glu, Gluma) at the base. The spikelets each consist of only one flower which is wrapped in a lemma (Lem, Lemma) and palea (Pal, Palea).

Vegetative characteristics

The mouse barley grows as an herbaceous plant that rarely exceeds 40 centimeters in height, but on average reaches 20 to 30 centimeters; so it remains relatively low. The plants can grow as an annual as well as overwinter (over the year). The grass-green leaves reach just below the ear. The leaf sheath of the top leaf is bulbous and often hides the ear.

Generative characteristics

Like all types of barley, the mouse barley is an ear grass . The ear has a total length between 5 and 12 centimeters. At each node of the ear axis there are three single-flowered spikelets , namely a strong, hermaphrodite middle spikelet and two stalked, male and therefore clearly smaller spikelets. The outer glumes of the two outer spikelets are almost reduced to awns . The glumes of the middle spikelet are ciliate. The awns of the glumes are up to 2.5 inches long. The mouse barley always blooms when the temperatures have been sufficiently high, in Central Europe usually from May to October.

The fruits of the mouse barley are single-seeded closing fruits ( caryopses ). The edible seeds are very small; hence the name of the plant species - barley for mice.

Occurrence

It originally comes from the Mediterranean and Asia Minor . It is a neophyte in large parts of the world ( Europe , Asia , North and Central America and Australia ) .

In Central Europe it can be found in more or less warm and dry places and always on disturbed soils . It is often found in settlements or grows in the grassland community of the mouse barley corridor Bromo-Hordeetum murini.

The mouse barley grows in more or less dry and warm, nitrogen-rich ruderal places such as roads or roadsides or on walls, also in inner cities under trees or on traffic islands and can be seen as a pointer plant for the urban climate . The barley awns of the mouse barley easily get caught on clothing or in the fur of animals, so that this plant species can be widespread from such locations. According to Ellenberg , it is a light plant, a heat pointer, a weak acid to weak base pointer, growing on moderately nitrogen-rich locations and a federation character of annual ruderal societies in moderately warm climates (Sisymbrion).

Trivia

The ear of the mouse barley looks like a collection of pawls due to its awns . Tucked in the correct orientation between the lower ends of the jacket and shirt sleeves, this ear of corn slowly moves upwards due to the random relative movements of the two sleeves. This popular joke article is also called "Schliafhansl" or "Schliefhansl".

Systematics

Five subspecies of the mouse barley ( Hordeum murinum ) are known:

  • Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum (Steudel) Tzvelev : It occurs from Macaronesia to the Crimea and the western Himalayas.
  • Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang. : It occurs from the Mediterranean area to Central Asia and the western Himalayas and also in Macaronesia.
  • Hordeum murinum subsp. montanum (Hackel) H.Scholz & Raus (a local mountain clan in Spain)
  • Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum : It occurs from Europe to the western Himalayas and the Azores .
  • Hordeum murinum subsp. setariurum H.Scholz & Raus (a local lowland clan of Greece)

Whereby Hordeum murinum subsp. glaucum is diploid (2n = 14), while Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum a tetraploid (2n = 28) and Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum has a hexaploid (2n = 42) chromosome set . All mouse barley belong to the so-called Xu genome type. These genome or karyotypes classify similarities in the chromosome structure within the tribe Triticeae of the grasses.

literature

  • Roland von Bothmer, N. Jacobsen, C. Baden, RB Jørgensen & I. Linde-Laursen: An ecogeographical study of the genus Hordeum . 2nd Edition. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, 1995, ISBN 92-9043-229-2 ( online ).
  • Frank R. Blattner: Phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum (Poaceae) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 33 , no. 2 , 2004, p. 289-299 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2004.05.012 .
  • Sabine S. Jakob, Frank R. Blattner: Two extinct diploid progenitors were involved in allopolyploid formation in the Hordeum murinum (Poaceae: Triticeae) taxon complex . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 55 , no. 2 , 2010, p. 650-659 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2009.10.021 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes (= Kosmos nature guide ). 7th edition. Franckh, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-440-05284-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 14th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Ernst Klapp, Wilhelm Opitz von Boberfeld: Paperback of the grasses. Recognition and determination, location and socialization, evaluation and use. 11th revised edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1983, ISBN 3-489-60810-0 .
  • Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
  • Pooideae in Australia - Hordeum murinum - profile. ( Memento from February 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Hordeum murinum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b Hildemar Scholz, Thomas Raus: Two new subspecies of the Hordeum murinum (Gramineae) from Greece and Spain. In: Fedde's repertory. Volume 108, No. 7-8, 1997, pp. 527-531, doi : 10.1002 / fedr.19971080704 .

Web links

Commons : Mice Barley ( Hordeum murinum )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files