Hotel Oranienhof (Bad Kreuznach)

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Hotel Oranienhof (center left) and Viktoria-Stift (center back), in front of it Luisenstrasse / Salinen-Promenade (today: Kaiser-Wilhelm-Strasse ) on the Nahe river bank, woodcut around 1884

The Hotel Oranienhof was a luxury and bathing hotel in Kreuznach in the Prussian district of Kreuznach (Bad Kreuznach since 1924) of the Rhine province in what is now Rhineland-Palatinate , which existed from 1834/42 to 1929. In 1917/18 it was used as the General Staff Building of the Supreme Army Command during the First World War .

history

The Hotel Oranienhof stood at the point where, about 600 meters southwest of Kreuznach's old town, not far from the right bank of the Nahe, on the site of today's Oranienpark, the Augustinian Choir Monastery of St. Peter and the end of the 17th century was located from around 1140 to 1566/68 The Dutch factory and menagerie of Oranienhof Palace were located.

The service yard of Oranienhof Palace, which fell apart after the War of the Palatinate Succession , was partially restored in the 18th century. Through the French occupation and annexation of the left bank of the Rhine in 1794/97, the property came into state ownership and was leased to Eberhard Hönes around 1796.

On November 3, 1803, the Oranienhof national estate in Koblenz, with its farm buildings and agricultural land , was auctioned by the businessman Johann Heinrich Schellhaas from Kaiserslautern for 38,200 francs . Tenant Hönes immediately asserted a mortgage claim, and Count Franz von Sickingen (1760–1834), who had acquired the property in 1784/88/91 before the French expropriation, raised claims in 1815 to the salt spring near the Oranienhof . In the first half of the 19th century, 10–12 people lived at the Oranienhof residential area outside the inner city of Kreuznach.

Pauluskirche , Wilhelmskirche , Gymnasium (back), Oranienhof (front) with new building (right behind), on the right edge of the picture Hotel Rheinstein (later Hôtel de l'Europe on Salinenstrasse ) (from left to right); Carl Schlickum , Henry Winkles : Kreuznach (detail), before 1838
Kursaal , Hotel Oranienhof and Hotel Rheinstein (from left to right); Original steel engraving by P. Borniger (detail), 1843

At the beginning of the 19th century, the old Oranienhof was partially demolished. The innkeeper Carl Friedrich Pitthan (* around 1805; † 1845) and his wife Johanna Karoline Philippine Schellhaas (1810-1857), who lived in community of property, built a bathing hotel on this site next to the old buildings from 1834-42. The main building contained a drawing room, 14 bathrooms, 56 rooms and two kitchens, the outbuildings had six more rooms, four bathing rooms and a drawing room, and there was a private bath house.

Source of Orange, woodcut around 1884

The Oranienquelle, rediscovered in 1838 on the Oranienwiese near the Oranienhof, was chemically analyzed by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Ludwig Knapp in 1840 . C. F. Pitthan had the spring held and the water raised by a steam engine, from which a brine pipe for the hotel was fed from 1841 and a fountain operated on the hotel grounds. A drinking hall was built next to the Orange Spring, in which the brine was given to all spa guests to drink free of charge.

Oranienhof and Oranienquelle, Johann Ruprecht: Situation plan of the district between Oranienhof and Saline Karlshalle (detail), 1864
Oranienhof, plan of the city of Creuznach , 1875

The widow Pitthan was also the tenant of the Karlshalle saltworks , which was a grand-ducal Hessian domain until 1897 , but was subject to Prussian co-determination rights since the peace treaty of 1866. At the Karlshalle, the brine was lifted from the main spring by a pumping station, fed into a reservoir and passed on through iron pipes to hotels and private bathhouses.

The hotel's kitchen with a popular “25 groschen menu” was considered to be the best in town. After the death of the Pitthan couple, the hotel was auctioned in 1864. The Badehôtel Oranienhof was acquired by Karl von Lehenner. It was then owned for a long time by Heinrich D. Alten, who had worked at the Paris luxury hotel Le Meurice .

The guests of the hotel included Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia , Crown Princess Victoria , Crown Prince Ferdinand of Romania and Marcel Proust . In 1913 the hotel and bathing establishment Oranienhof owned by H. D. Alten in Luisenstrasse / Oranienstrasse had 135 beds in 100 rooms.

Hotel Oranienhof, photograph around 1910

During the First World War , the Oranienhof was used from January 2, 1917 to March 8, 1918 as the General Staff Building (main office) of the Supreme Army Command. General Mustafa Kemal Pascha (Ataturk), Kaiser Wilhelm II , Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934) and Quartermaster General Erich Ludendorff met here on December 19, 1917 .

After the war, the house, now called Caserne d'Alger , housed French occupation troops. In 1929 the complex was demolished because it was in disrepair. In 1933, the Bad Kreuznach spa administration opened a Museum Großes Hauptquartier in 1917/18 on the site of the former imperial bunker in Oranienhofpark, which had been razed in 1930 .

Today's restaurant Oranienhof in Bad Kreuznach ties in with the name and location of the Oranienhof Castle and Badehotel.

Web links

  • P. Borniger: Panorama of Kreuznach (steel engraving). Borniger, Frankfurt am Main undated [around 1842] ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library in the Deutsche Fotothek )
  • Spa district with Hotel Oranienhof around 1900 Pen drawing , reproduction by Matthias Luhn; Bad Kreuznach Castle Park Museum. In: Horst Silbermann (Red.): 150 years association for local history for the town and district of Bad Kreuznach eV 1856 - 2006. Documents and treatises on the association's history . odd Grafische Betriebe, Bad Kreuznach 2006, p. 96 ( digitized version of the State Library Center Rhineland-Palatinate Koblenz)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (holdings 256 Prefecture of the Rhine Moselle Department in Koblenz, State Property Administration, No. 6314)
  2. ↑ a b cf. Joseph Anton Vahlkampf (Ed.): Reichskammergerichtliche Miscellen , Vol. II / 1. Taschen & Müller, Gießen / Wetzlar 1806, pp. 187f.
  3. ↑ a b Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (holdings 256 prefecture of the Rhine Moselle department in Koblenz, sales of state goods, No. 9926, 10141); Wolfgang Schieder (Ed.): Secularization and Mediatization in the four Rhenish departments. 1803–1813 , Vol. II Rhine-Moselle Department . (Research on German social history 5). Harald Boldt, Boppard 1991, p. 530 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  4. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (inventory 261 sub-prefecture of the Arrondissement Simmern, financial administration, domain matters (national goods), sales and auctioning, factual file 75).
  5. ^ Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (Mittelrheinische Reichsritterschaft, 159/10 and 183/3; Gräflich Wartenbergsche Archive (war loss), 431 and 435); N / A : The former imperial countship of Wartemberg . In: Intellektivenblatt des Rheinkreises 10 (1827), pp. 167–172, especially p. 169 ( Google Books ).
  6. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (holdings 350 Generalgouvernement des Nieder- und Mittelrheins in Aachen, 03 financial matters, 07 domain matters, factual files 53).
  7. ↑ See the government district of Coblenz . L. Pauli, Koblenz 1817, p. 21; Royal Government (Ed.): Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Coblenz . J. Hölscher, Koblenz 1843, p. 43.
  8. ↑ See judgment Büttner ./. Pithan of the 1st Senate of the Royal Rhenish Court of Appeal in Cologne from August 31, 1846. In: Archives for civil and criminal law of the Königl. Prussia. Rheinprovinzen 41 (1846), pp. 8-13.
  9. ↑ Cf. Willi Wagner: The Wittelsbachers of the Pfalz-Simmern line . (Series of publications by the Hunsrück History Association 34). Hunsrück History Association, Simmern 2003, p. 287.
  10. ↑ See website ( Memento of the original from October 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the "Pétanque Club Bad Kreuznach im Oranienpark"; Retrieved September 26, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.xn--ptanque-club-bad-kreuznach-blc.de
  11. ↑ Report on the rediscovery by Friedrich Wiest, Edward Hartenfels: Statistical panorama of the therapeutic baths Kreuznach, Weilbach, Kronthal, Soden, Homburg in contrast to Ems, Wiesbaden and Baden-Baden . Johann Wirth, Mainz 1840, p. 35f.
  12. ↑ Analysis values ​​in: Kurdirektion Kreuznach (Ed.): The Radium-Solbad Kreuznach in words and pictures . R. Voigtländer successor P. Doepgen, Kreuznach 1911, p. 12 ( digitized version of the State Library Center Rhineland-Palatinate Koblenz).
  13. ↑ Cf. Rolf Schaller: The women of the Pitthan family and the Kreuznacher brine line . Lecture by the Haus der Stadtgeschichte foundation on February 19, 2014.
  14. ↑ See Friedrich Heusner, Paul Foltynski: Bad Kreuznach. Notices for doctors and spa guests . J. H. Maurer-Greiner, Berlin 1884, pp. 86-88.
  15. ↑ See negotiations of the first chamber of the estates of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1852. Protocols , Vol. IV. Heinrich Brill, Darmstadt 1852, 112th meeting, p. 1 and 113th meeting, p. 40.
  16. ↑ See Art. 18 of the Peace Treaty of Berlin between Prussia and the Grand Duchy of Hesse of September 3, 1866 ; Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Oberbergamt Bonn, No. 18–24); Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (G 1, 47/3 execution of the peace treaty with Prussia, in particular the salt works Karls- and Theodorshalle, 1867-1897).
  17. ↑ Cf. Carl Engelmann: Kreuznach, his healing springs and their application . Joseph Engelmann, Heidelberg 1839, p. 17; Alois Strasser, Franz Kisch, Ernst Sommer: Manual of clinical hydro-, balneo- and climatotherapy . Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1920, p. 713.
  18. ↑ A daily wage of 25 groschen (= 5/6 thalers ) for a worker in the wire drawing factory Poensgen in Gemünd in the Eifel was considered very high; see. Alphons Thun: Industry on the Lower Rhine and its workers , Vol. I. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 35.
  19. ↑ See above: Creuznach and its Saline Cure . In: London Society. An Illustrated Magazine 16 (1869), pp. 433-444, especially p. 444 ( Google Books ).
  20. ↑ Cf. Allgemeine Zeitung , Augsburg March 2, 1864, No. 62, p. 1008 ( Google Books ).
  21. ↑ Cf. Karl Grass, Johann Beisiegel (Ed.): Address book of the district and town of Kreuznach . R. Voigtländer, Kreuznach 1878, pp. 31 and 55; this. (Ed.): Address book of the city of Kreuznach, the saltworks Karls- and Theodorshalle and Bad Münster am Stein . R. Voigtländer, Kreuznach 1881, pp. 25 and 51; 1884, pp. 25 and 52.
  22. ↑ See Wilhelm Tönsmann (Ed.): Address book of the city of Kreuznach, the saltworks Karls- and Theodorshalle and Bad Münster am Stein . R. Voigtländer, Kreuznach 1887, pp. 1 and 56; Address book of the city and district of Kreuznach . 14th edition R. Voigtländer successor P. Doepgen, Kreuznach 1912, pp. 4, 109 and 122.
  23. ↑ See Kurverwaltung Kreuznach (ed.): The Radium-Solbad Kreuznach in words and pictures . R. Voigtländer successor P. Doepgen, Kreuznach 1913, p. 42.
  24. ↑ See Bad Kreuznach spa administration (ed.): Museum Großes Hauptquartier, Bad Kreuznach (1917-1918) . Jung, Bad Kreuznach 1935.

Coordinates: 49 ° 50 '14.4 "  N , 7 ° 51' 11.7"  E