Dog tooth grasses
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Dog tooth grass ( Cynodon dactylon ) |
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The dog tooth grasses ( Cynodon ) are a genus of plants from the sweet grass family (Poaceae). This is common in the tropics and subtropics, but several species have been introduced. The dog tooth grass ( Cynodon dactylon ) was naturalized in Central Europe .
description
The dog tooth grasses are perennial , lawn-forming grasses. They often have long rhizomes and long runners above ground . The renewal shoots grow up outside the lowest leaf sheaths (extravaginally). The stalks are bare and have many grooved and also bald knots . The leaf sheaths are open to the base, lie close to the stalk and have long tufts of hair at the opening. The ligule is a short lash line. The leaf blades are flat or curled at the edge. In the bud position , they are rolled up.
The inflorescence consists of three to six ears arranged like fingers at the end of the stalk . The spikelet axis is triangular, one side of which is occupied by two rows of spikelets . The spikelets are very short stalked, are densely packed and are single-flowered. They are around 3 mm long, compressed on the sides and (almost) bare. The spikelet axis forms an extension above the florets and disintegrates when the seeds are mature, so that the florets fail and the glumes remain. The two glumes are single-nerved and keeled. The lower one is shorter than the upper one, which is approximately as long as the spikelet. The lemma is three- veined and the same length as the spikelet. It is keeled, pointed, the middle nerve is ciliated. The palea is double-veined and of the same length as the lemma. There are three stamens . The ovary has two terminal styluses with feathery stigmas that protrude laterally from the floret.
The caryopses are obovate. The embryo is half the length of the fruit. The navel is point-shaped.
Systematics
The genus of the dog toothgrass is placed within the family in the subfamily Chloridoideae , tribe Cynodonteae.
The genus consists of eight to thirteen species:
- Cynodon aethiopicus Clayton & Harlan , native to East Africa, from Ethiopia to Botswana and in Nigeria.
- Cynodon ambiguus (Ohwi) PMPeterson (Syn .: Brachyachne ambigua Ohwi): It occurs in Java and New Guinea .
- Cynodon barberi rank. & Tadul. : The home is southern India and Sri Lanka.
- Cynodon convergens F. Muell. : It occurs in northern and eastern Australia.
- Cynodon coursii A. Camus (also referred to as variety var. Coursii (A. Camus) JR Harlan & de Wet to Cynodon dactylon ): The home is Madagascar.
- Dog tooth grass ( Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers .; Syn .: Cynodon parviglumis Ohwi ), is cosmopolitan widespread.
- Cynodon incompletus Nees : The home is southern Africa.
- Cynodon × magennisii Hurcombe = Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis : It occurs in southern Africa.
- Cynodon nlemfuënsis Vanderyst , native of two varieties from Ethiopia to southern tropical Africa.
- Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilg. , native of Ethiopia to eastern tropical Africa.
- Cynodon prostratus (CAGardner & CEHubb.) PMPeterson (Syn .: Brachyachne prostrata C.A. Gardner & CEHubb. ): It occurs in western and central Australia.
- Cynodon radiatus Roth : The home is Madagascar and tropical and subtropical Asia.
- Cynodon simonii P.M.Peterson : The species first described in 2015 occurs in central Australia.
- Cynodon tenellus R.Br. : It occurs from Java to northern Australia.
- Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy , native to southern Africa.
The name Cynodon is derived from the Greek kynodon = "dog's tooth, pointed canine tooth" and refers to the pointed hulls.
supporting documents
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Cynodon . In: L. Watson, MJ Dallwitz: The grass genera of the world. 1992ff.
- ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- ^ Cynodon : species list . In: WD Clayton, KT Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora . 2006ff., Accessed on July 26, 2008.
- ↑ a b c d Mary E. Barkworth: Cynodon ( Memento of the original from October 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Grass Manual on the Web. Retrieved July 26, 2008.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Cynodon. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 18, 2016.
