Hydrogen selenide

Structural formula
General
Surname	Hydrogen selenide
other names	Hydrogen selenide Dihydrogen selenide Selan
Molecular formula	H 2 Se
Brief description	colorless gas with an unpleasant odor of rotten radish
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 7783-07-5 EC number 231-978-9 ECHA InfoCard 100,029,071 PubChem 533 Wikidata Q409314
properties
Molar mass	80.98 g mol −1
Physical state	gaseous
density	3.66 g l −1 (0 ° C, 1013 hPa) 1.97 g cm −3 (liquid, at boiling point)
Melting point	−66 ° C
boiling point	−41.4 ° C (decomposition above 150 ° C)
Vapor pressure	0.91 M Pa at 20 ° C
solubility	poor in water (9.8 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
Refractive index	1.412 (16.85 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 220-280-330-410 P: ?
MAK	DFG : 0.006 ml m −3 , 0.02 mg m −3 Switzerland: 0.006 ml m −3 , 0.02 mg m −3 Austria: 0.02 ml m −3 , 0.07 mg m −3
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Hydrogen selenide , also known as monoselan , is a combination of selenium and hydrogen . It arises when salt-like selenides are dissolved in dilute acids. Hydrogen selenide is a colorless, extremely toxic gas with an unpleasant foul odor. Even a single inhalation of small amounts leads to unpleasant, long-lasting irritation of the mucous membranes (so-called "selenium fever"). Hydrogen selenide is more toxic than hydrogen sulfide . In laboratory tests that produce only very small amounts of hydrogen selenide, it is essential to work under a fume cupboard and to wear a gas-tight protective suit.

Hydrogen selenide is used in the semiconductor and electronics industry for doping of semiconductors .

Physical Properties

Structural formula of hydrogen selenide, H ₂ Se

Hydrogen selenide is angled (bond angle 91 °), the bond length Se – H is 146 pm.

Other properties

property	value
Critical temperature	138 ° C
Critical pressure	8.92 M Pa
Critical density	0.76 kg / l
Triple point temperature	−65.65 ° C
Triple point pressure	0.2738 bar

Chemical properties

Compared to hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide is a stronger reducing agent. Aqueous solutions of hydrogen selenium react with atmospheric oxygen, causing red selenium to precipitate.

Manufacturing

In the laboratory, pure hydrogen selenide is obtained by dissolving dry aluminum selenide in water, or by reacting the elements at 400 ° C:

${\displaystyle \mathrm {Al_{2}Se_{3}+6\ H_{2}O\longrightarrow \ 3\ H_{2}Se+2\ Al(OH)_{3}} }$

${\displaystyle \mathrm {H_{2}+Se\longrightarrow H_{2}Se} }$

use

By reaction with a Kaliumantimonyltartratlösung can antimony (III) selenide can be produced.

Web links

• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} entry to hydrogen selenide in the GESTIS database of IFA , retrieved on February 1, 2016(JavaScript required) .
2. ↑ PG Sennikov, VE Shkrunin, DA Raldugin, KG Tokhadze: Weak Hydrogen Bonding in Ethanol and Water Solutions of Liquid Volatile Inorganic Hydrides of Group IV-VI Elements (SiH ₄ , GeH ₄ , PH ₃ , AsH ₃ , H ₂ S, and H ₂ Se). 1. IR Spectroscopy of H Bonding in Ethanol Solutions in Hydrides . In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry . tape 100 , no. January 16 , 1996, ISSN  0022-3654 , pp. 6415-6420 , doi : 10.1021 / jp953245k .
3. ↑ Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values ​​- current MAK and BAT values (search for 7783-07-5 or hydrogen selenium ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
4. ↑ Limit values ​​for working materials ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Ordinance of the Federal Minister for Labor, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection (Limit Values ​​Ordinance GKV 2011), Austria. 
5. ^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 102nd edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1 , p. 627.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Entry on hydrogen selenide. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on December 25, 2014.
7. ^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 91st – 100th, improved and greatly expanded edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-11-007511-3 , p. 528.
8. ↑ G. Brauer (ed.), Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry 2nd ed., Volume 1, Academic Press 1963, pp. 418-419.
9. ^ Dale L. Perry: Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second Edition . Taylor & Francis US, 2011, ISBN 1-4398-1462-7 , pp. 39 ( limited preview in Google Book search).