Hydroxycarboxylic acids
Hydroxycarboxylic acids |
Stability (from top to bottom) of the hydroxy group in relation to the carboxy group :
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Hydroxycarboxylic acids (also hydroxy acids , obsolete oxy acids ) are carboxylic acids that have at least one carboxy group as well as one or more hydroxyl group (s).
α-hydroxycarboxylic acids
α- Hydroxycarboxylic acids ( synonym : alpha-hydroxy acids ; English : Alpha hydroxy acids , AHA ) are hydroxycarboxylic acids in which the hydroxyl group is located on the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxy group. Many representatives occurnaturallyas so-called fruit acids .
Important α-hydroxycarboxylic acids:
- Malic acid , the hydroxy analog of aspartic acid
- Citric acid
- 2-Hydroxy-4-methylmercaptobutyric acid, the hydroxy analog of the amino acid methionine
- Glycolic acid , the hydroxy analog of the amino acid glycine
- Isocitric acid
- Mandelic acid
- Lactic acid , the hydroxy analog of the amino acid alanine
- Tartronic acid
- Tartaric acid
β-hydroxycarboxylic acids
β- Hydroxycarboxylic acids ( synonym : beta-hydroxy acids ; English : Beta hydroxy acids , BHA ) are hydroxycarboxylic acids in which there is another carbon atom between the carboxy group and the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl group.
Important β-hydroxycarboxylic acids:
Other hydroxycarboxylic acids
- Gallic acid
- 4-hydroxybutanoic acid (4-hydroxybutyric acid, liquid ecstasy)
- Polyhydroxybutyric acid
- Salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid)
- 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB)
Hydroxycarboxylic acids in nature (selection in pictures)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Axel Kleemann , Bernd Lehmann, Jürgen Martens: Enantioselective synthesis of the hydroxy analogs of D - and L -methionine . In: Angewandte Chemie . tape 91 , no. 10 , October 1979, p. 858-859 , doi : 10.1002 / anie.19790911028 . (or Enantioselective Synthesis of the Hydroxy-Analogues of D-and L-Methionine In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. Volume 18, No. 10, October 1979, p. 797, doi: 10.1002 / anie.197907971 ).